Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-07-12T20:09:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-RGV Tecla dos Santos Silva.pdf: 2247297 bytes, checksum: 4ad8767bfc78928e03453c4831326a56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T20:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-RGV Tecla dos Santos Silva.pdf: 2247297 bytes, checksum: 4ad8767bfc78928e03453c4831326a56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-28 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. (Anacardiaceae) is an endangered tree that has wood and medicinal potential. This work aimed to study the induction of in vitro buds of M. urundeuva and to analyze the calogenesis process, as well as qualitatively evaluate the chemical composition of different organs of the species submitted to different culture conditions. In the induction of shoots, silver nitrate (AgNO3) and plant regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), meta-topoline (mT) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were evaluated using different explants (cotyledons, petiole, nodal, cotyledonary and apical segments). For calogenesis, combinations of 2,4-D, KIN and glutamine in leaf explants were tested. The callus growth curve was performed for 56 days (7 day intervals) and the reducing sugars (RS), sucrose and total soluble sugars (TSS) were quantified. For the phytochemical study, we used methanolic extracts from material grown in vitro, in a greenhouse and in a natural environment. It is possible the induction of buds in M. urundeuva from the explant cotyledon node with the use of BAP combined with NAA. Calogenesis is potentiated with the combination of 2,4-D, KIN and glutamine in the nutrient medium. The growth curve of the callus is sigmoidal. The carbohydrate content, except for RA, presents a distinct behavior, varying according to the growth curve phases of the callus. The type of cultivation influences the yield of extracts of M. urundeuva and there are differences in the production of secondary metabolites between the different organs of the species. / Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. (Anacardiaceae) ? uma ?rvore amea?ada de extin??o que possui potencial madeireiro e medicinal. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a indu??o de brotos in vitro de M. urundeuva e analisar o processo de calog?nese, bem como avaliar qualitativamente a composi??o qu?mica de diferentes ?rg?os da esp?cie submetida a distintas condi??es de cultivo. Na indu??o de brotos avaliou-se o uso do nitrato de prata (AgNO3) e dos reguladores vegetais 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), cinetina (CIN), meta-topolina (mT) e ?cido naftalenoac?tico (ANA) sob distintos explantes (cotil?dones, pec?olo, segmentos nodais, cotiledonares e apicais). Para calog?nese testou-se combina??es de 2,4-D, CIN e glutamina em explantes foliares. Realizou-se a curva de crescimento dos calos durante 56 dias (intervalos de 7 dias) e quantificou-se os a??cares redutores (AR), sacarose e a??cares sol?veis totais (AST). Para o estudo fitoqu?mico, utilizou-se extratos metan?licos advindos de material cultivado in vitro, casa de vegeta??o e em ambiente natural. ? poss?vel a indu??o de brotos em M. urundeuva a partir do explante n? cotiledonar com o uso de BAP combinado com ANA. A calog?nese ? potencializada com a combina??o de 2,4-D, CIN e glutamina no meio nutritivo. A curva de crescimento dos calos apresenta forma sigmoidal. O conte?do de carboidratos, excetuando os AR, apresenta comportamento distinto, variando de acordo com as fases da curva de crescimento dos calos. O tipo de cultivo influencia no rendimento de extratos de M. urundeuva e existem diferen?as na produ??o de metab?litos secund?rios entre os diferentes ?rg?os da esp?cie.

O gênero Heliconia tem participação crescente na floricultura tropical, sendo utilizada principalmente como flor de corte e para o paisagismo. A aplicação da micropropagação na produção de helicônias pode atuar na otimização da produtividade e na melhoria da qualidade do produto, proporcionando a multiplicação rápida e em grande escala das mudas, independentemente do período do ano, a multiplicação de híbridos e matrizes de grandes potenciais, a produção mais uniforme e redução do período até a colheita. Entretanto, o sucesso do processo de micropropagação depende de vários fatores, entre eles, o estabelecimento do explante in vitro, a adequação do meio de cultura e a escolha do melhor substrato na fase de aclimatação, como estudadas no presente trabalho. Uma das maiores dificuldades enfrentadas no estabelecimento in vitro dos explantes de helicônias é a contaminação bacteriana. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as cultivares Heliconia bihai cv. Peach Pink, H. ortotricha Candy Cane e H. ortotricha L. Anderss cv. Total Eclipse respondem diferentemente aos tratamentos de assepsia testados. A utilização do meio MS (Murashige; Skoog, 1962), com a concentração normal dos sais MS, 2,5 mg/ L BAP e 0,10 mg/L ANA foi o meio de cultura mais adequado para o cultivo in vitro de H. ortrotricha cv. Candy Cane, proporcionando uma boa taxa de brotação por explante e plantas bem desenvolvidas. Durante a aclimatação das plantas de H. ortotricha Candy Cane, as misturas de Plant Max® Horticultura + Fibra de coco e Plant Max® Horticultura + Casca de arroz carbonizado foram superiores em relação aos outros substratos testados, tanto pelo maior índice de plantas sobreviventes, quanto pelo maior crescimento da parte aérea, apresentando uma boa coloração das folhas e um maior desenvolvimento do sistema radicular. Para identificação dos contaminantes, 100 isolados de bactérias foram obtidos de meios de cultura contaminados e das folhas das plantas de casa de vegetação e submetidos a análises moleculares para a caracterização por Análise de Restrição de DNA Ribossomal Amplificado (ARDRA) e identificação pelo sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA. As bactérias isoladas das folhas de helicônia em meios de cultura TSA e R2A foram somente quatro gêneros nas três cultivares, identificados como Arthrobacter sp., Xanthomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. e Rhizobium sp.. Em meio de cultura contaminado constatou-se a presença de Burkholderia sp. nas culturas de H. ortotricha Candy Cane e H. ortotricha L. Anderss. cv. Total Eclipse e de Burkholderia sp. e Rhizobium em H. bihai cv. Peach Pink. As bactérias contaminantes durante o estabelecimento in vitro dos explantes de helicônias podem ser, portanto, provenientes das comunidades endofíticas da planta matriz fornecedora do explante / The Heliconia genus has increasing participation in the tropical floriculture, used mainly as cut flower and for landscape. The use of micropropagation in the process of heliconia production can improve product quality and productivity, providing large-scale and efficient plant multiplication, independently of the season, clonal multiplication of hybrids and other valuable plants, consequently with a more uniform production and possibility of a shorter period for harvesting. However, the success of the micropropagation process depends on various factors, such as the explant establishment in vitro, culture medium and a suitable substrate for acclimatization, which were studied in this work. Bacterial contamination is one of the difficulties for the in vitro establishment of heliconia explants. The results showed that Heliconia bihai cv. Peach Pink, H. ortotricha Candy Cane and H. ortotricha L. Anderss. cv. Total Eclipse responded differently to the descontamination treatments used. The use of full strength of MS (Murashige; Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 2,5 mg/L BAP and 0,10 mg/L ANA was the best for the in vitro culture of H. ortrotricha cv. Candy Cane, providing good multiplication rates, with well developed plants. H. ortotricha Candy Cane acclimatization showed better results in substrate mixtures containing Plant Max® Horticulture + Coconut fiber and Plant Max® Horticulture + Rind of carbonized rice with better rates of survival, better development of the aerial parts and root system development. For identification of the contaminantes, 100 bacteria isolates were obtained from contaminated culture media and leaves of greenhouse plants and submitted to morphological and molecular analyses to characterization for Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and identification for partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial isolates obtained from the leaves in TSA and R2A culture media had been only four species in the three heliconia cultivars, and were identified as Arthrobacter sp., Xanthomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Rhizobium sp.. In culture media contaminated Burkholderia sp. was evidenced in cultures of H. ortotricha Candy Cane and H. ortotricha L. Anderss. cv. Total Eclipse and Burkholderia sp. and Rhizobium sp. in H. bihai cv. Peach Pink. The bacterial contaminants observed during the in vitro establishment of heliconia explants originated from the endophytic community of the plants which were used as explant sources

Les Dioscorea cultivées, dont la reproduction sexuée est aléatoire, sont multipliées essentiellement par voie végétative, ce qui entraîne la dissémination dagents pathogènes dans les plantations, provoquant une baisse de rendement et de qualité des récoltes. Dans ces conditions, les besoins en semences sont rarement comblés et les possibilités dextension de la culture restent limitées. En effet, devant une demande quantitative toujours croissante et qualitative de plus en plus restrictive, les techniques classiques encore employées aussi bien pour la multiplication que pour lamélioration de la production des végétaux sont relativement lentes. En revanche, les opportunités offertes par les cultures de tissus peuvent remédier efficacement aux insuffisances et offrir des améliorations irréalisables par les autres méthodes. La multiplication en alternance par bourgeonnement axillaire à partir de nuds pendant 28 semaines et par mise en germination des microtubercules découpés pendant 16 semaines peut remédier à cette situation. Plusieurs facteurs peuvent avoir un impact sur lefficacité de cette approche: la présence ou labsence de régulateurs de croissance, la teneur en saccharose ou en éléments minéraux du milieu de culture. Dans le cadre de cette étude, les tests réalisés ont montré une formation plus précoce du tubercule en présence de polyamines et dacide jasmonique. Si les teneurs en polyamines endogènes et leur métabolisme sont significativement affectés par les polyamines exogènes, les modifications des teneurs en polyamines endogènes, quant à elles, ne peuvent être directement corrélées avec la formation du tubercule. Un retard dans la formation des tubercules lors dune réduction de la teneur en sucre du milieu de culture a aussi été constaté. Ce retard dans nest pas lié à une réduction de losmolarité du milieu de culture, comme nous avons pu le montrer en remplaçant partiellement le saccharose par du sorbitol. La putrescine et ses précurseurs larginine et lornithine favorisent aussi le développement des tubercules, ceux- ci sont plus longs et plus lourds lorsque ces composés sont ajoutés au milieu de culture à faible concentration. Une augmentation de la teneur endogène en putrescine et en auxine a été observée dans ces conditions. Laddition dacide jasmonique a un effet similaire. Une réduction du développement des tubercules est, par contre, observée en présence dune teneur en saccharose réduite. La réduction de la teneur en sucre dans le milieu de tubérisation a aussi un effet négatif sur la germination ultérieure des microtubercules. Pour pouvoir utiliser les microtubercules comme semences, il faut être assuré dun taux de germination élevé et dun stockage possible. Les microtubercules récoltés après 9 mois de culture et transférés sur un nouveau milieu sans régulateur de croissance germent très rapidement. Aucune dormance nest observée. Les microtubercules peuvent aussi être stockés pendant au moins 18 semaines. Les meilleures conditions pour une germination élevée sont une conservation à lobscurité, sous ± 50% dhumidité relative et à 25°C. Une période de dormance secondaire sinstalle une fois le stockage en cours qui varie entre 20 et 28 semaines respectivement pour les microtubercules les plus rapides et les plus lents. Seuls les tubercules de taille supérieure à 350 mm devront être utilisés pour la germination in vitro ou ex vitro.

O gênero Heliconia tem participação crescente na floricultura tropical, sendo utilizada principalmente como flor de corte e para o paisagismo. A aplicação da micropropagação na produção de helicônias pode atuar na otimização da produtividade e na melhoria da qualidade do produto, proporcionando a multiplicação rápida e em grande escala das mudas, independentemente do período do ano, a multiplicação de híbridos e matrizes de grandes potenciais, a produção mais uniforme e redução do período até a colheita. Entretanto, o sucesso do processo de micropropagação depende de vários fatores, entre eles, o estabelecimento do explante in vitro, a adequação do meio de cultura e a escolha do melhor substrato na fase de aclimatação, como estudadas no presente trabalho. Uma das maiores dificuldades enfrentadas no estabelecimento in vitro dos explantes de helicônias é a contaminação bacteriana. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as cultivares Heliconia bihai cv. Peach Pink, H. ortotricha Candy Cane e H. ortotricha L. Anderss cv. Total Eclipse respondem diferentemente aos tratamentos de assepsia testados. A utilização do meio MS (Murashige; Skoog, 1962), com a concentração normal dos sais MS, 2,5 mg/ L BAP e 0,10 mg/L ANA foi o meio de cultura mais adequado para o cultivo in vitro de H. ortrotricha cv. Candy Cane, proporcionando uma boa taxa de brotação por explante e plantas bem desenvolvidas. Durante a aclimatação das plantas de H. ortotricha Candy Cane, as misturas de Plant Max® Horticultura + Fibra de coco e Plant Max® Horticultura + Casca de arroz carbonizado foram superiores em relação aos outros substratos testados, tanto pelo maior índice de plantas sobreviventes, quanto pelo maior crescimento da parte aérea, apresentando uma boa coloração das folhas e um maior desenvolvimento do sistema radicular. Para identificação dos contaminantes, 100 isolados de bactérias foram obtidos de meios de cultura contaminados e das folhas das plantas de casa de vegetação e submetidos a análises moleculares para a caracterização por Análise de Restrição de DNA Ribossomal Amplificado (ARDRA) e identificação pelo sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA. As bactérias isoladas das folhas de helicônia em meios de cultura TSA e R2A foram somente quatro gêneros nas três cultivares, identificados como Arthrobacter sp., Xanthomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. e Rhizobium sp.. Em meio de cultura contaminado constatou-se a presença de Burkholderia sp. nas culturas de H. ortotricha Candy Cane e H. ortotricha L. Anderss. cv. Total Eclipse e de Burkholderia sp. e Rhizobium em H. bihai cv. Peach Pink. As bactérias contaminantes durante o estabelecimento in vitro dos explantes de helicônias podem ser, portanto, provenientes das comunidades endofíticas da planta matriz fornecedora do explante / The Heliconia genus has increasing participation in the tropical floriculture, used mainly as cut flower and for landscape. The use of micropropagation in the process of heliconia production can improve product quality and productivity, providing large-scale and efficient plant multiplication, independently of the season, clonal multiplication of hybrids and other valuable plants, consequently with a more uniform production and possibility of a shorter period for harvesting. However, the success of the micropropagation process depends on various factors, such as the explant establishment in vitro, culture medium and a suitable substrate for acclimatization, which were studied in this work. Bacterial contamination is one of the difficulties for the in vitro establishment of heliconia explants. The results showed that Heliconia bihai cv. Peach Pink, H. ortotricha Candy Cane and H. ortotricha L. Anderss. cv. Total Eclipse responded differently to the descontamination treatments used. The use of full strength of MS (Murashige; Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 2,5 mg/L BAP and 0,10 mg/L ANA was the best for the in vitro culture of H. ortrotricha cv. Candy Cane, providing good multiplication rates, with well developed plants. H. ortotricha Candy Cane acclimatization showed better results in substrate mixtures containing Plant Max® Horticulture + Coconut fiber and Plant Max® Horticulture + Rind of carbonized rice with better rates of survival, better development of the aerial parts and root system development. For identification of the contaminantes, 100 bacteria isolates were obtained from contaminated culture media and leaves of greenhouse plants and submitted to morphological and molecular analyses to characterization for Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and identification for partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial isolates obtained from the leaves in TSA and R2A culture media had been only four species in the three heliconia cultivars, and were identified as Arthrobacter sp., Xanthomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Rhizobium sp.. In culture media contaminated Burkholderia sp. was evidenced in cultures of H. ortotricha Candy Cane and H. ortotricha L. Anderss. cv. Total Eclipse and Burkholderia sp. and Rhizobium sp. in H. bihai cv. Peach Pink. The bacterial contaminants observed during the in vitro establishment of heliconia explants originated from the endophytic community of the plants which were used as explant sources

Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-07-22T18:33:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Arlena Maria Guimarães Gato.pdf: 2067444 bytes, checksum: a858fc3c2c47508ee175666940ad0251 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-23T14:23:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Arlena Maria Guimarães Gato.pdf: 2067444 bytes, checksum: a858fc3c2c47508ee175666940ad0251 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-23T14:26:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Arlena Maria Guimarães Gato.pdf: 2067444 bytes, checksum: a858fc3c2c47508ee175666940ad0251 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-23T14:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Arlena Maria Guimarães Gato.pdf: 2067444 bytes, checksum: a858fc3c2c47508ee175666940ad0251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-10 / SUFRAMA - Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus / The flowers and ornamental plants cultivation stands out as an important agronomical activity. But despite the economical and market potential of these regional native species: helicônia, bastão, sorvetão and other plants, is necessary more basic studies about the use of advanced techniques in getting propagated material with quality assurance and good phytosanitary aspect. The objective of this study was to obtain plantlets from floral apices of Heliconia rauliniana and embryos rescue of H. marginata, identifies, inoculation of bacterial isolates and evaluate the effect of these microorganisms in the development of micropropagated plants. Established the plants micropropagation process, it was isolated from matrices root, bacterial isolates and, according to the classification criteria of activity levels of nitrogen biological fixation, phosphate solubilisation and auxin production, it was selected six Heliconia rauliniana isolates and eight of Heliconia marginata. The first experiment were inoculated in in vitro plants of H. rauliniana, the B4, B5, B8, B13, B16 and B18 bacterial isolates and on H. marginata micropropagated plants, the B1, B2, B4, B6, B7, B10, B12, B14 and B16 isolates and, then transferred to plastic boxes containing sterilized substrate Plantmax (Horticulture) and maintained under greenhouse. After 60 days of inoculation, it was realized the evaluation of root growth promotion, selecting the three isolates that showed the best results: B18, B5 and B13 (H. rauliniana) and B7, B6 and B10 (H. marginata). In the second experiment we used the B18, B5, B13 and B6, B7, B10 selected in the first experiment and inoculated in 60 plants, distributed on five treatments: control, B18, B5 and B13, cocktail x plant and control, B6, B7, B10, cocktail x plant with 12 plants per treatment. The results presented after 60 days, don’t were significant on the level of 0.05% and one good faith coefficient of 95% (ANOVA) for root growth promotion, number of leaves, plant height, fresh weight and dry weight. The plants survive was 83.3%. For microorganisms identify, it was used the analysis of the fragment about 800 bp of the 16S rDNA (Primer 27f). The sequencial analysis via Blast showed three bacterial groups: Burkholderia, Ralstonia e Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia). / O cultivo de flores e plantas ornamentais tropicais destaca-se como importante atividade agrícola. Mas, apesar das potencialidades econômicas e de mercado dessas espécies nativas da região: helicônia, bastão, sorvetão e outras, são necessários mais estudos básicos sobre a utilização de técnicas avançadas na obtenção de material de propagação com garantia de qualidade e bom aspecto fitossanitário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter mudas micropropagadas a partir de ápice floral de Heliconia rauliniana e de resgates de embriões de H. marginata, identificação, inoculação dos isolados de bactérias e avaliar o efeito desses microrganismos no desenvolvimento das plantas micropropagadas. Estabelecido o processo de micropropagação das plantas foram isolados das raízes das matrizes, isolados bacterianos e, de acordo com os critérios de classificação dos níveis de atividades em fixação biológica de nitrogênio, solubilização de fosfato e produção de auxina, foram selecionados seis isolados da Heliconia rauliniana e oito da Heliconia marginata. No primeiro experimento, foram inoculados nas plantas micropropagadas de H. rauliniana, os isolados bacterianos B4; B5 (Enterobacter); B8; B13 (Ralstonia); B16; B18 (Enterobacter) e nas plantas micropropagadas de H. marginata, os isolados B1; B2; B4; B6 (Enterobacter); B7 (Enterobacter); B10 (Burkholderia); B12; B14 e; B16 e, posteriormente transferidas para caixas plásticas contendo substrato esterilizado PlantMax (Horticultura) e mantidas em casa de vegetação. Após 60 dias de inoculação foi realizada a avaliação de promoção de crescimento de raiz, selecionando-se os três isolados que apresentaram os melhores resultados por espécie: Heliconia rauliniana, Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B18 e B5 Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia e B13 (Ralstonia) e Heliconia marginata B7 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B6 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia) e B10 Burkholderia. No segundo experimento foram utilizados os isolados bacterianos B18 Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia): B5 Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia, B13 Ralstonia e B6, Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B7, Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B10, Burkholdeia selecionados no primeiro experimento e inoculados em 60 plantas, distribuídas em cinco tratamentos: controle, B18 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia: B5 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia e B13 Ralstonia, coquetel x planta e controle, B6 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B7 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B10 (Burkholderia), coquetel x planta com 12 plantas por tratamento. Os resultados apresentados após 60 dias, não foram significativos a nível de 0,05 % e um coeficiente de confiança de 95 % (A NOVA) para promoção de crescimento de raiz, número de folhas, altura de planta, peso fresco e peso seco. A sobrevivência das plantas foi de 83,3 %. Para identificação dos microrganismos foi usado o seqüenciamento de fragmento de aproximadamente 800 pb do gene 16S rDNA (“primer 27f). A análise das sequencias via Blast mostrou três grupos de bactéria: Burkholderia, Ralstonia e Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia).

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o papel do GDF-9 sozinho ou em combinaÃÃo com FSH sobre a viabilidade, crescimento e expressÃo do RNAm para PCNA, HAS 1, HAS 2, versican e perlecan em folÃculos secundÃrios bovinos cultivados in vitro. Para estudos in vitro, folÃculos secundÃrios bovinos foram isolados e cultivados por doze dias, na presenÃa de MEM sozinho ou suplementado com GDF-9 (200 ng/mL), FSH (D0-D6: 100 ng/mL e de D7-D12: 500 ng/mL) ou ambos. DiÃmetro folicular, viabilidade e formaÃÃo de antro foram avaliados durante o cultivo. Para avaliar os nÃveis de RNAm para PCNA, HAS 1, HAS 2, perlecan e versican em folÃculos apÃs 12 dias de cultivo, o RNA total foi extraÃdo e o cDNA foi sintetizado. Os nÃveis de RNAm foram quantificados por PCR em tempo real. O teste Kruskal-Wallis foi usado para comparar o diÃmetro folicular. O teste Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparar a porcentagem de viabilidade e formaÃÃo de antro de folÃculos apÃs o cultivo in vitro (p<0,05), enquanto ANOVA seguido pelo teste de Tukey foram utilizados para avaliar os dados de expressÃo do RNAm nos folÃculos cultivados (p<0,05). Os resultados mostram que apÃs 6 dias de cultivo, FSH sozinho ou associado com GDF-9 aumentaram o diÃmetro folicular em relaÃÃo ao meio controle. AlÃm disso, apÃs 12 dias de cultivo, FSH promoveu um aumento no diÃmetro folicular, enquanto a associaÃÃo de FSH com GDF-9 reduziu significativamente o diÃmetro folicular quando comparado com folÃculos cultivados em MEM acrescido de FSH. AlÃm disso, FSH e GDF-9 aumentaram a formaÃÃo de antro apÃs 12 dias de cultivo (P<0,05). Apesar de GDF-9 ter reduzido significativamente os nÃveis de RNA para HAS 1 quando comparado ao MEM, esse fator aumentou os nÃveis de versican e perlecan. AlÃm disso, a presenÃa de ambos FSH e GDF-9 aumentaram os nÃveis de RNAm para HAS 2, porÃm, reduziu os nÃveis de RNAm para PCNA. AlÃm disso, FSH tambÃm atua reduzindo os nÃveis de RNAm para o PCNA. Em conclusÃo, FSH e/ou GDF-9 promovem o crescimento folicular e formaÃÃo de antro, e GDF-9 estimula a expressÃo de versican e perlecan e interage positivamente com FSH para o aumento da expressÃo de HAS 2. / The aim of this study was to determine the role of GDF-9 alone or in combination with FSH on growth, viability and on the mRNA expression of PCNA, HAS 1, HAS 2, versican and perlecan in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro. For in vitro studies, bovine secondary follicles were isolated and cultured for twelve days in the presence of MEM alone or supplemented with GDF-9 (200 ng/mL), FSH (D0-D6: 100 ng/mL and of D7-D12: 500 ng/mL) or both. Follicular diameter, viability and antrum formation were evaluated during culture. To evaluate the mRNA levels for PCNA, perlecan, versican, HAS 1 and 2 in follicles after 12 days of culture, total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. The levels of mRNA were quantified by real time PCR. Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the follicular diameter. The chi-square test was used to compare the percentage of viability and antrum formation of follicles after in vitro culture (p<0.05), whereas ANOVA followed by Tukey's test were used to evaluate the mRNA expression data in cultured follicles (p<0.05). The results show that after 6 days of culture, FSH alone or associated with GDF-9 increased follicular diameter in relation to control medium. Moreover, after 12 days of culture, FSH promoted an increase in follicular diameter, while the association of FSH with GDF-9 significantly reduced follicular diameter when compared with follicles cultured in MEM plus FSH. Furthermore, FSH and GDF-9 increased the antrum formation after 12 days of culture (P<0.05). Despite GDF-9 had significantly reduced the levels of mRNA for HAS 1 when compared to MEM, this factor has increased the levels of versican and perlecan. In addition, the presence of both FSH and GDF-9 increased mRNA levels for HAS 2, but reduced level those for PCNA. In addition, FSH also acts by reducing mRNA levels for PCNA. In conclusion, FSH and/or GDF-9 promotes the follicular growth and antrum formation, and GDF-9 stimulates the expression of versican and perlecan and interact positively with FSH to the increased expression of HAS 2

As espécies Cattleya labiata Lindley e a Cattleya eldorado Linden, nativas da Mata Atlântica e Amazônia, respectivamente, encontram-se sob forte risco de desaparecimento na natureza, sendo, portanto, necessário o desenvolvimento de métodos eficientes de propagação de suas mudas, dentre os quais se destaca a micropropagação. A eficiência do cultivo in vitro de orquídeas está associada aos meios de cultura utilizados e, principalmente, aos reguladores de crescimento. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de paclobutrazol (PBZ) no desenvolvimento das microplântulas cultivadas in vitro. Plântulas provenientes de germinação in vitro, com 1,0 ± 0,2 cm de comprimento, foram utilizadas no estudo. No primeiro experimento, utilizou-se como controle o meio de cultura MS isento de reguladores de crescimento vegetal. Nos tratamentos, o meio MS foi suplementado com quatro concentrações de PBZ 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 mg.L-1; com ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) 1,0 mg.L-1 associado a 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) 1,0 mg.L-1 e com a combinação de 4,0 mg.L-1 PBZ, com 1,0 mg.L-1 ANA e 1,0 mg.L-1 BAP. As avaliações morfológicas, número de brotos, comprimento da parte aérea (CPA), comprimento da maior raiz (CMR) e comprimento da lâmina foliar (CLF), foram realizadas no início do experimento e nos subcultivos a cada 40 dias, durante 160 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo trifatorial com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com seis repetições por tratamento. Um segundo experimento foi realizado utilizando a técnica de pulse. Como controle foi utilizado meio de cultura MS, e para os tratamentos foi utilizado o mesmo meio acrescido de concentrações crescentes de PBZ com diferentes tempos de exposição, sendo: T0= controle (MS); T1= 1,0 mg.L-1 PBZ por 40 dias; T2= 10,0 mg.L-1 PBZ por 4 dias e T3= 100,0 mg.L-1 PBZ por 4 horas. Foram feitas as avaliações de CPA, CLF, CMR, número de raízes, massa fresca e massa seca da parte aérea, massa fresca e massa seca de raiz, massa fresca e massa seca total, contagem e caracterização estomática e avaliação anatômica do tecido radicular. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado totalizando quatorze repetições por tratamento. O tratamento com 1,0 mg.L-1 de PBZ por 40 dias promoveu maior desenvolvimento e vigor do sistema radicular, aumentando a espessura das raízes, podendo contribuir para a fase de aclimatização das microplântulas. Os tratamentos com pulse reduziram significativamente a parte aérea das microplântulas, não sendo recomendado na micropropagação da C. labiata. / The Species Cattleya labiata Lindley and Cattleya eldorado Linden, native to the Atlantic Forest and Amazon, respectively, are under high risk of extinction in nature, therefore, necessary to develop efficient methods of spreading their seedlings, among which highlights micropropagation. The efficiency of in vitro cultivation of orchids is associated with culture media, and especially the growth regulators. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of paclobutrazol (PBZ) in the development of in vitro microplantlets. Seedlings from germination in vitro, with 1.0 ± 0.2 cm in length, were used in the study. In the first experiment, we used to control the MS culture medium free of plant growth regulators. In the treatments, MS medium was supplemented with four concentrations of PBZ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg L-1, with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 1.0 mg L-1 associated with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 1.0 mg L-1 and with the combination of 4.0 mg L-1 PBZ with 1.0 mg.L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg L-1 BAP. The morphological evaluations, number of shoots, shoot length (CPA), longest root length (CMR) and leaf blade length (CLF) were performed at the beginning of the experiment and in subcultures every 40 days during 160 days. The experimental design was completely randomized in three-factor split-plot arrangement in time, with six replicates per treatment. A second experiment was performed using the technique of \"pulse\". It was used as control MS medium, and the treatments we used the same medium plus increasing concentrations of PBZ with different exposure times, as follows: T0 = control (MS), T1 = 1.0 mg L-1 PBZ for 40 days, T2 = 10.0 mg L-1 PBZ for 4 days and T3 = 100.0 mg L-1 PBZ for 4 hours. Assessments were made CPA, CLF, CMR, number of roots, fresh and dry mass of shoots, fresh weight and dry weight of root, fresh weight and total dry matter, stomatal counting and characterization and evaluation of the anatomic root tissue. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized a total of fourteen replicates per treatment. Treatment with 1.0 mg L-1 of PBZ for 40 days promoted further development and vigor of the root system, increasing the thickness of the roots and may contribute to the acclimatization phase of microplantlets. Treatments with \"pulse\" significantly reduced the shoot microplantlets and Its not recommended to the micropropagation of C. labiata.

Submitted by Samira Ramos (samira.ramos@unifenas.br) on 2018-04-25T21:05:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TAIS APARECIDA PATROCINIO.pdf: 726977 bytes, checksum: 8cef7ddcd6970bf3d2ccd912eb038060 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T21:05:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TAIS APARECIDA PATROCINIO.pdf: 726977 bytes, checksum: 8cef7ddcd6970bf3d2ccd912eb038060 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG / This study evaluated the effect of AR33 (patent-pending formula), a resveratrol analogue, in the culture of in vitro fertilized embryos. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered from bovine ovaries collected at the slaughterhouse were matured in vitro for 24 h and fertilized in vitro for 20 h, both at 38.8 °C under 5% CO2 in air and high humidity. Probably partially nude zygotes were randomly distributed in two experiments. Experiment 1: 0 (control, n = 347), 0.1 μM (n = 337), 0.5 μM (n = 277) and 2.5 μM AR33 (n = 343) with 2.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and experiment 2: 2.5 μM AR33 (n = 381), 0.5 μM resveratrol (n = 381), both with 2.5% SFB and 0 (control, n = 341) with 10% FBS. The base medium for all treatments was SOFaa and incubation conditions were 38.8 °C under 5% CO2 in air and high humidity. Half of the culture medium was fed on days 3 and 5 after fertilization. The cleavage rate was evaluated on day 3 and the blastocyst rate (B1) on days 7 and 8 post-fertilization. At day 8, the blastocysts were fixed and subsequently submitted to analysis of the number of cells and apoptotic index. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were analyzed by logistic regression models (Proc Logistic), and the number of cells and apoptotic index by mixed linear models (Proc Mixed) using the SAS statistical package. In experiment 1, the cleavage rate (P <0.05) was higher at 2.5 μM (69.0 ± 4.4%) than at 0, 0.1 and 0.5 μM AR33 (62.1 ± 2.0%, 60.7 ± 5.9% and 56.7 ± 5.8%, respectively). At day 7, the Bl rate was similar (P> 0.05) between 0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 μM (18.1 ± 5.4%, 17.5 ± 2.9% and 19.4 ± 3.3%, respectively) and all were higher (P <0.05) 05) at 0 μM AR33 (12.4 ± 2.5%). At day 8, only 0.1 and 2.5 μM (21.0 ± 5.0% and 24.6 ± 3.3%) were higher than 0 μM AR33 (15.2 ± 2.5%). There was no difference (P> 0.05) between treatments regarding total cell number (TC) and internal cell mass (MCI); However, the apoptotic index in CT and MCI was higher for 0 and 2.5 μM (11.36 and 9.89%, 20.52 and 15.85%) than in 0.1 and 0.5 μM AR33 (4.66 and 4.82%, 8.47 and 10.92%). In the experiment 2 the cleavage rate (P <0.05) was higher in the control (80.8 ± 3.4%) than in the treatment with 0.5 μM resveratrol (76.4 ± 3.6%), but similar to 2.5 μM AR33 (76.9 ± 1.2%). There were no differences (P> 0.05) for the Bl rate on days 7 and 8. The apoptotic index in the CT and MCI was higher in the control (8.9 and 14.9%, respectively) than in the 2.5 μM AR33 and 0.5 μM resveratrol (6.4 and 5.5%, 11.1 and 8.8%, respectively). In conclusion, resveratrol and its synthetic analogue tested in this study improve bovine embryonic development in culture medium supplemented with 2.5% FBS under 5% CO2 in air. / Este estudo avaliou o efeito de AR33 (fórmula com patente-pendente), um análogo de resveratrol, no cultivo de embriões fecundados in vitro. Complexos cumulus-oócitos (COCs) recuperados de ovários bovinos coletados no matadouro, foram maturados in vitro durante 24 h e fertilizados in vitro por 20 h, ambos em 38.8 °C sob 5% de CO2 em ar e alta umidade. Prováveis zigotos parcialmente desnudos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois experimentos. Experimento 1: 0 (controle, n=347), 0.1 µM (n=337), 0.5 µM (n=277) e 2.5 µM de AR33 (n=343) com 2,5% de soro fetal bovino (SFB), e experimento 2: 2.5 µM de AR33 (n=381), 0.5 µM de resveratrol (n=381), ambos com 2,5% SFB e 0 (controle, n=341) com 10% SFB. O meio base para todos os tratamentos foi SOFaa e as condições de incubação foram de 38.8 °C sob 5% de CO2 em ar e alta umidade. Metade do meio de cultura foi renovado (feeding) nos dias 3 e 5 após a fertilização. A taxa de clivagem foi avaliada no dia 3 e a taxa de blastocisto (Bl) nos dias 7 e 8 pós-fecundação. No dia 8, os blastocistos foram fixados e posteriormente submetidos a análise do número de células e índice apoptótico. As taxas de clivagem e de blastocistos foram analisadas por modelos de regressão logística (Proc Logistic), e o número de células e índice apoptótico por modelos lineares mistos (Proc Mixed) usando o pacote estatístico SAS. No experimento 1, a taxa de clivagem (P<0.05) foi maior para 2.5 µM (69.0±4.4%) do que para 0, 0.1 e 0.5 µM de AR33 (62.1±2.0%, 60.7±5.9% e 56.7±5.8%, respectivamente). No dia 7, a taxa de Bl foi semelhante (P>0.05) entre 0.1, 0.5 e 2.5 µM (18.1±5.4%, 17.5±2.9% e 19.4±3.3%, respectivamente) e todos eles foram superiores (P<0,05) à 0 µM AR33 (12.4±2.5%). No dia 8, apenas 0.1 e 2.5 µM (21.0±5.0% e 24.6±3.3%) foram maiores do que 0 µM AR33 (15.2±2.5%). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre tratamentos quanto ao número de células totais (CT) e da massa celular interna (MCI); contudo, o índice apoptótico nas CT e na MCI foram maiores para 0 e 2.5 µM (11.36 e 9.89%; 20.52 e 15.85%) do que em 0.1 e 0.5 µM AR33 (4.66 e 4.82%; 8.47 e 10.92%). No experimento 2 a taxa de clivagem (P<0,05) foi maior no controle (80.8±3.4%) do que no tratamento com 0.5 µM resveratrol (76.4±3.6%), e este último semelhante à 2.5 µM AR33 (76.9±1.2%). Não houve diferenças (P>0,05) para a taxa de Bl nos dias 7 e 8. O índice apoptótico nas CT e MCI foi maior no controle (8.9 e 14.9%, respectivamente) do que para 2.5 µM AR33 e 0.5 µM resveratrol (6.4 e 5.5%; 11.1 e 8.8%, respectivamente). Em conclusão, o resveratrol e o seu análogo sintético testado neste estudo melhoram o desenvolvimento embrionário bovino em meio de cultura suplementado com 2,5% SFB sob 5% de CO2 em ar.

<p>Infertility is the disease of the reproductive system and is estimated to affect more than 10% of the people of reproductive age. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are methods designed to alleviate infertility problems. <i>In vitro </i>embryo production is part of most infertility treatments and the efficiency of ART is low due to the lack of reliable methods to measure embryo viability. In order to improve the success rate of ART procedures, the current study was designed to investigate the use of an optical analyzer technology known as the Biodynamic Imaging (BDI) system for viability assessment. BDI is a novel approach that is able to measure intracellular dynamic processes that are directly related to functional events. During a series of experiments, 13 different biomarkers of oocytes and embryos were monitored by the BDI microscope and used for machine learning and evaluation of BDI sensitivity. We monitored cellular mechanisms essential for proper embryo development such as (1) extrusion of first and second polar body (2) energy status and mitochondrial activity, and (3) viability of embryos with different cellular composition. We were able to identify several biomarkers that have the potential to indicate viability: (1) slope, (2) NSD, (3) Knee (4) Floor, and (5) R² could consistently differentiate between oocytes and embryos of different viability. In addition, the BDI microscope could successfully predict the energy status of embryos by identifying 4 biomarkers (Slope, Knee, Floor, and Dy). Finally, a lipidomic analysis was done to evaluate the lipid composition of oocytes with different cytoplasm integrities. This analysis demonstrated that there is a difference in lipid subclasses among oocytes with dark vs. light cytoplasm. The results indicate that the BDI is useful for viability assessment of oocytes and embryos and may be helpful for the improvement of the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies.</p>

Tocopherols, collectively known as vitamin E, are lipophilic antioxidants, which are synthesized only by photosynthetic organisms. Due to their enormous potential to protect cells from oxidative damage, tocopherols are used e.g. as nutraceuticals and additives in pharmaceuticals. The most biologically active form of vitamin E is α-tocopherol. Most tocopherols are currently produced via chemical synthesis. Nevertheless, this always results in a racemic mixture of different and less effective stereoisomers because the natural isomer has the highest biological activity. Therefore, tocopherols synthesized in natural sources are preferred for medical purposes. The annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a well-known source for α-tocopherol. Within the presented work, sunflower callus and suspension cultures were established growing under photomixotrophic conditions to enhance α-tocopherol yield. The most efficient callus induction was achieved with sunflower stems cultivated on solid Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 g l-1 sucrose, 0.5 mg l-1 of the auxin 1-naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg l-1 of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine. Photomixotrophic sunflower suspension cultures were induced by transferring previously established callus into liquid medium. The effects of light intensity, sugar concentration and culture age on growth rate and α-tocopherol synthesis rate were characterized. A considerable increase (max. 230 %) of α-tocopherol production in the cells was obtained within the photomixotrophic cell culture compared to a heterotrophic cell culture. These results will be useful for improving α-tocopherol yields of plant in vitro cultures.