Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-19T13:59:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Leticia da Silveira Espindula Toi Shi.pdf: 1701077 bytes, checksum: e32ec680d27555dec705e9ca7bb5bf83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T13:59:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Leticia da Silveira Espindula Toi Shi.pdf: 1701077 bytes, checksum: e32ec680d27555dec705e9ca7bb5bf83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / The present work emerged from my personal experiences as a teacher of the municipal education network of Nova Igua?u and, above all, from my experiences as a study guide of the National Pact for Literacy in the Proper Age (PNAIC), a Federal Government policy aimed at helping children up to 8 years of age to complete the literacy cycle. These experiences stimulated the choice of the research object: the contributions of the PNAIC to the improvement of the quality of Brazilian education. In this sense, my main objective was to analyze the actions of the PNAIC, under development in the municipality of Nova Igua?u, in order to identify the impacts of this public policy in improving the quality of education in the municipality. The specific objectives were to unveil the conception of literacy teachers, the local coordinator and the managers of the Education Secretariat about the contributions of the Pact to improve the quality of education in the municipality. Also the main difficulties encountered by literacy teachers in the PNAIC continuing education course. In addition, the possible impacts on the educational indicators that evaluate the performance of students in the literacy process in the local school district. Within the framework of the policy cycle approach, I consulted studies on policies to improve the quality of teaching from the 1980s. I also sought the different conceptions of educational quality that derive from the educational policies implemented. And the perspectives on initial and continuing teacher education in basic education. In order to achieve the main objective, I chose the quantitative-qualitative approach and used as data collection instrument the questionnaire, applied to 31 teacher-students. In addition, semi-structured interview with the coordinator of the Pact in the municipality and with a manager of the Secretary of Education of Nova Igua?u. Moreover, participant observation in the PNAIC training course. The results of the research indicate that the Pact has brought good contributions to teachers' practice and to the teaching-learning process in the literacy cycle, which, in a way, has promoted a positive impact on the educational data of the municipality. However, we observed that a series of local characteristics, such as lack of education resources, too many students per classroom, double shifts for teachers and undemocratic relations inside schools makes it difficult to apply the Program and to obtain even better results in educational indexes. / O presente trabalho emergiu das minhas experi?ncias pessoais como professora da rede municipal de educa??o de Nova Igua?u e, sobretudo, das viv?ncias como orientadora de estudo do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetiza??o na Idade Certa (PNAIC), uma pol?tica do Governo Federal que objetiva alfabetizar todas as crian?as at? os 8 anos de idade, ao final do Ciclo de Alfabetiza??o. Tais experi?ncias impulsionaram a escolha do objeto de pesquisa: as contribui??es do PNAIC para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino brasileiro. Nesse sentido, meu objetivo principal foi analisar as a??es do PNAIC em desenvolvimento no munic?pio de Nova Igua?u, com o intuito de identificar os impactos desta pol?tica p?blica na melhoria da qualidade do ensino no munic?pio. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram revelar a concep??o dos Professores Alfabetizadores, do coordenador local e dos gestores da Secretaria de Educa??o sobre as contribui??es do Pacto para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino no munic?pio; as principais dificuldades encontradas pelos Professores Alfabetizadores no curso de forma??o continuada do PNAIC; e os poss?veis impactos nos indicadores educacionais que avaliam o desempenho escolar dos alunos em processo de alfabetiza??o na rede municipal de educa??o de Nova Igua?u. No ?mbito da abordagem do ciclo de pol?ticas, perspectiva te?rica e metodol?gica de investiga??o, o referencial te?rico abordou estudos sobre as pol?ticas de melhoria da qualidade do ensino a partir dos anos 1980; as diferentes concep??es de qualidade educacional que se interp?em ?s pol?ticas educacionais implementadas; e as perspectivas sobre forma??o inicial e continuada de professores da Educa??o B?sica. No intuito de atingir os objetivos, optei pela pesquisa de abordagem quanti-qualitativa e utilizei como instrumento de coleta de dados o question?rio, aplicado a 31 Professores Alfabetizadores; a entrevista semi-estruturada com o coordenador do Pacto no munic?pio e com um gestor da Secretaria de Educa??o de Nova Igua?u; e a observa??o participante no curso de forma??o do PNAIC. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que o Pacto tem trazido boas contribui??es para a pr?tica dos professores e para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem no Ciclo de Alfabetiza??o, o que, de certa forma, tem promovido impacto positivo nos dados educacionais do munic?pio. No entanto, obseva-se que uma s?rie de caracter?sticas locais encontradas, tais como a falta de recursos materiais nas escolas, a impossibilidade de participa??o dos professores no curso em hor?rio de trabalho, o excesso de alunos por sala e o autoritarismo vivenciado dentro das escolas do munic?pio que dificultam a aplicabilidade do Programa e a busca por resultados ainda melhores nos ?ndices educacionais

The aim of this study was to investigate how well pre-service teachers are being prepared by the Computers in Education course to integrate computers into their teaching methods by the Faculty of Education at the Instituto Superior de Ciências de Educação (ISCED) in Lubango, Angola. The study used a constructivist learning event devised by the researcher to assess how well the selected sample of pre-service teachers were able to use computers and the Internet to fulfil a series of tasks contained in the constructivist learning event under carefully controlled research conditions. After they had completed these tasks under experimental conditions, the researcher and her two assistants used various means to assess the performance of the participating groups in these activities. A qualitative case study approach was used for this study. The case study took place at ISCED in Lubango because ISCED is the only institution of higher education in Angola that uses computers to prepare pre-service teachers to integrate computer technology with their teaching. The course in which this takes place is known as the Computers for Education course. Twenty-one pre-service teachers and the two Information and Communication Technology (ICT) teachers of the Computers for Education from ISCED participated voluntarily in the study. The data collection instruments used included questionnaires for the pre-service teachers and ICT teachers; observation checklists for the pre-service teachers; interviews of pre-service teachers and ICT teachers, and scoring rubrics for the pre-service teachers’ task assessment documents. The data analysis method used in this study was that of interpretive analysis. The theoretical framework used to scaffold this study was the theory of constructivism devised by Bruner (1966). Bruner states that constructivism is the “theory of learning, where learning is seen as an active process in which students construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current or past knowledge”. In constructivist learning events of this kind, students select and transform information, construct hypotheses and make their own decisions in reliance upon their own cognition and previous knowledge and experience. Cronjé’s Model of Four Quadrants (2000), which enables a researcher to plot objectivism as complementary to constructivism, was used by the researcher as the basis for an analysis of data. The Model of Four Quadrants describes how learning theories such as behaviourism and constructivism exist as opposites in the quadrant upon which the model is based. An objectivist or behaviourist approach to teaching and learning assumes that knowledge exists essentially and independently outside the minds of both learners and teachers, and behaviourist methods of teaching effect a transfer of objective knowledge from the mind of the teacher to the mind of the student. In contrast to this, the constructivist approach is based on the assumption that all meanings are subjectively constructed in the human mind, and that learners acquire knowledge (and therefore education) by creating their own meanings while engaging in the solution of authentic learning tasks devised by the teacher. Constructivism does not recognise the existence of any kind of objectively independent shared reality that can be transferred materially from one mind to another. Although these two approaches are radically different from one another, and although they exist conceptually as polar opposites in Cronjé’s Model, elements from both models can be utilised to achieve a desired learning outcome. What the researcher has suggested in her analysis, conclusions and recommendations is that elements from both learning theories described in the model can be successfully used to teach ISCED students how to integrate computer technology into their teaching. Current teaching and learning practices at ISCED are predominantly behaviourist in method and outcomes since the ICT teachers at ISCED use mainly the lecture method for teaching. For formative assessment, the present teachers use question and answer methods. For summative assessment, they use multiple-choice questions, schedules that require students to insert information into blank spaces, projects, and essay-type questions. In contrast to this, they use learner-centred constructivist forms of teaching such as projects, group work and verbal expression of appreciation to encourage learner performance. The teaching of the Computers in Education course at ISCED may therefore be said to combine both behaviourist and constructivist methods of teaching. / Dissertation (MEd (Computer Integrated Education))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Curriculum Studies / MEd / unrestricted

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The purpose of this study was therefore to address the following primary research question: ‘What effect would a specially designed, developed, implemented and evaluated Material Science (MS) course have on serving teachers in terms of their perceptions and knowledge/understanding regarding content in MS and instructional practice in D&T?’

The diploma thesis comprehensively introduces the issue of in-service training of pedagogical staff with a focus on secondary school teachers as one of the areas of school self-evaluation. In-service teacher training comes to the fore as it goes hand in hand with the quality of training. In its first part, it identifies the basic definitions needed to understand the topic of school self- evaliation and in-service teacher training, then it defines the legislative framework ensuring in- service teacher training, strategic documents and other plans. Last but not least, it defines the objectives and forms of in-service teacher training and briefly outlines the situation in Europe with a focus on international surveys. Using content analysis, the thesis evaluates three annual reports of the selected secondary school. Furthermore, standardized structured interview was held with the school management and also a standardized questionnaire is distributed among pedagogical staff of the selected secondary school. Based on the obtained data, the thesis monitors the views of school management and teachers on this very issue including their motivation, conditions for development, possibilities for in-service training or the process of putting the acquired knowledge. into practice in the context of the results of...

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Preparing student teachers for constructivist teaching about society in primary grades Michaela Dvořáková Abstract The content of primary social studies could be described as cultural universals - domains of human existence that form part of everybody's experience. Despite that, children do need a skilled instruction helping them to elaborate these topics. We suppose that for the constructivist teachers, deep content knowledge and pedagogic content knowledge is necessary to elaborate and conceptualize children's experiences. In this thesis, we wanted to learn more about the knowledge base of pre-service teachers. To explore the education students' content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge of social studies topics, we elicited students' concepts related to the topic of family using concept mapping. Then we performed the content analysis of the obtained concepts. We tried to determine whether pre-service teachers rely on their prior knowledge (including misconceptions) of family or whether they use the knowledge gained in social science classes at the high school or at our university. Students do not use their academic knowledge gained in social studies classes spontaneously, but they are able to do when prompted. An important part of pedagogical content knowledge of a social studies teacher are the...

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Micro-teaching provides a framework for teachers’ professional development with emphasis on the teach and re-teach cycle as a practical procedure for the development of micro-teaching skills. One fundamental element in this teach and re-teach cycle is the use of digital technology tools as a recording device which may help aid the understanding and application of micro-teaching skills. This study explores micro-teaching skills with the use of digital technology (cell phone) in B.Ed. programmes at a Western Cape university. The study aims to merge the past and present strategies to initiate the development of a simple model to improve micro-teaching methodology using a simple and mostly available digital technology tool which can allow for self-evaluation and personal reflection. The study seeks to investigate how a digital technology, through a cell phone, can guide practical learning to support pre-service teachers in the micro-teaching presentation. The underpinning theories that frame this study were Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural Theory, Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Mishra & Koehler’s Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Theory. These theories emphasize social interactions, modelling and the use of technological tools as a significant aspect of skills development. The combination of these theories informs the conceptually developed knowledge acquisition, knowledge construction and the implementation with technology (KACIT) model with the aim to encourage the construction and implementation of micro-teaching knowledge with available digital technology tools. The study employs a sequential explanatory design, using a case study approach, which draws on both quantitative and qualitative methods as sources of data collection. The quantitative procedure adopted video recording as a form of data collection, using a conceptually developed teaching skills rubric, with a three level Likert-scale rating. SPSS version 25 was used to get the aggregated descriptive statistical values of each teaching skill. The qualitative procedure employed unstructured interviews, lesson plan observation, and thematic and content analysis was used to interpret and analyse the interviews and lesson plans respectively. The sample size of this study is drawn from the B.Ed. students in the Faculty of Education at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). Two hundred and sixteen (216) participants were involved in the quantitative data collection phase, while the qualitative data collection phase consisted of twelve (12) participants for the focus group discussion, five (5) school-based supervisors, five (5) pre-service teachers and (5) five lesson plans from the students-portfolio documents. The findings attest to the general context of micro-teaching as a strategy for developing pre-service teachers‟ teaching skills. It further highlights the high theoretical knowledge levels of micro-teaching of the B.Ed. students, and the relative lack of practical knowledge of micro-teaching of the students. In addition, the findings reveal the high technological knowledge levels of the participants and the need to deepen the professional knowledge of the B.Ed. students along the lines of authentic teaching experiences within the university environment. As part of the recommendations, the study emphasises the use of a digital video platform as a complementary strategy and as a form of reflective practice in micro-teaching presentations. Importantly, the study further recommends that the Minimum Requirements for Teacher Education Qualifications (MRTEQ) policy document, on the knowledge mixes for teaching competences in terms of the observation outcome, should be re-considered with a clear guideline for South African universities to have a uniform framework and a clear picture of its implementation.

The purpose of this study is to compare how pre-service teacher students describe historical consciousness, concerning if they are studying their first or last history course. The concept historical consciousness was chosen because of its central role in the Swedish curriculum for the history subject. To achieve the study’s purpose eight pre-service teacherswere qualitatively interviewed. Five of the eight students studied their first history course, while the remaining three studied their last history course. The two theories that made up the theoretical framework of the study was Rüsen’s three principles for narrative competence as well as Jensen’s five processes of historical consciousness. The result of the studyshows that a clear majority of the students described historical consciousness as a method of learning from historical mistakes. This trend was clear with both groups of students. This study also shows that a majority of students had difficulties with the future’s role in historical consciousness. One out of the eight students made clear and continuous references between the three tenses past, present and future. The result reveal that the teacher education should focus more on the three tenses past, present, and future in relation to practical teaching situations. This to make historical consciousness more practical for the student teachers.

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