Cette recherche porte sur l’inclusion/exclusion des immigrés afghans en Iran.La situation et la place des immigrés et de leurs descendants étant soumises àdes logiques d’inclusion/d'exclusion, cette thèse a été construite autour de cetteproblématique. Elle se fonde sur une approche « mixte », à la fois quantitative etqualitative en s’appuyant en premier lieu sur une étude qualitative de terrainqui interroge leurs conditions de vie alors qu’ils sont dans une situationprovisoire et incertaine, en tentant de comprendre leurs expériences et leurstentatives et possibilités d'accéder au marché du travail et aux services sociaux.En second lieu, les données quantitatives issues du recensement iranien ont étéexploitées et la grande partie des informations sur la répartition géographique,le séjour et les caractéristiques démographiques, sociales et économiques desimmigrants ont été obtenues à partir de ces données. Cette analyse met enévidence une politique officielle fondée sur la mise au premier plan de laquestion du retour et non de celle de la naturalisation et l’intégration, malgréune présence durable des Afghans sur le sol irainien. De plus l’agentivité desimmigrés et les efforts qu’ils ont fournis pour s’incorporer dans la société seheurtent aux facteurs structurels et institutions. / The following doctoral thesis focuses on the inclusion / exclusion of Afghanimmigrants in Iran by analyzing the extent to which the status and place ofimmigrants and their descendants are subject to rationales of inclusion /exclusion. This study makes use of a mixed method approach, both quantitativeand qualitative, and is initially based on a qualitative field study that examinesthe living conditions experienced by Afghan immigrants throughout the durationof their temporary and uncertain situation in an effort to understand theirexperiences as well as their attempts and opportunities to enter the labor marketand access social services. Following this qualitative analysis, quantitative datafrom the Iranian census were also used and the majority of the information onthe geographic distribution and residence of immigrants as well as theirdemographic, social and economic characteristics were derived from these data.The results of the analysis show that despite the sustainable migration ofAfghans, official policy is based primarily on the issue of return, therebyobscuring competing perspectives on naturalization and integration. Moreover,structural and institutional obstacles handicap the immigrants’ political agencyand efforts to integrate themselves into the host society.

In this thesis, I investigate my professional practice as an independent health adviser in the UK National Health Service. Inclusion and exclusion, power, innovation and rejection in nursing are themes that have emerged from my work within a milieu where the dominant discourse is systems thinking. I have analysed why systems thinking predominates in UK healthcare services, and examine the benefits and limitations of this approach. Similarly, I have studied complex responsive processes theory and assessed the value and drawbacks of this way of thinking. A key focus of this research has been to consider how innovation occurs in organisations. NHS policymakers include examples of good practice in a number of recent policy documents and encourage staff to emulate these examples to improve their services. This overlooks the unique setting in which staff work, and disregards their collective working styles and roles. Power relationships, local ideological perspectives, histories and pertinent environmental factors all render the adoption of established blueprints inadvisable. Nor do such policy documents consider potential unintended consequences of the innovation: for example, reducing the waiting times to access treatment in one area can have a detrimental effect on other services. Using narrative accounts from my professional practice, I critically evaluate the concepts of power, innovation and systems thinking. I draw attention to a number of particular dissonances that I consider many nurses and health care workers to be experiencing as rejection within their work-based relationships. These challenges include a fear of job loss, the difficulty of managing national targets and local service delivery, a loss of consumer confidence in clinicians, the pressures of increased regulation, and tensions between clinical and managerial staff. These concerns led me to examine the nature of the employer–employee relationship. The psychological contract is a way of describing the relationship between employers and employees in terms of optimistic reciprocal agreements and expectations. These positive assumptions tend to underplay or overlook the unpredictability of organisational life, such as financial constraints that might threaten job security. When disruption arises, employees may feel wary of their managers and distressed that their psychological contract has been violated. I argue that trust is a concept requiring continual renegotiation through the ongoing patterning of relationships that emerge through the conversations between people as employees participate in the organisation’s development. My thesis departs from the traditional view of positing the psychological contract as a central feature of employment. Instead, I propose that the complex responsive processes perspective offers a legitimate and useful way of deepening our understanding of employer–employee relations. I have used a reflexive research method, challenging Alvesson and Skoldberg’s (2000, p.250) reflexive interpretation framework for its individualistic approach. I demonstrate that my method is social and iterative, and extend the framework in order to illustrate the way in which I developed my reflexive approach. This framework presents a way of demonstrating the movement of interpretation based on the researchers’ judgment and intuition that guides the research process (Alvesson and Skoldberg, 2000). My original contribution to practice offers a different way of looking at healthcare organisations from that proposed by many healthcare consultants. I engage with staff to analyse their day-to-day relationships by reflecting on their micro-interactions with colleagues as we try to make sense of what is happening in their departments. I introduce the notion of interdependence, and encourage clients to engage in dialogue and seek to influence what occurs through their relationships with their colleagues. There is no blueprint for success: rather than focusing on supposed ‘organisational systems’, we concentrate on what is actually happening in their ongoing work elationships.

At the heart of this study is a desire to unravel a puzzle of why I and other self-identified Chinese students share common experience of exclusion in the Canadian academy, despite our differences as individuals and as Chinese. Our experience of exclusion is made invisible by the stereotypical image of Asian students as the paragon of success within the academy. It is again made invisible by policy addressing inclusion in the academy that uses largely outcome measures to paint pictures of success, and keeps the less concrete parts of processes unpainted. There is a lack of attention to and an under-theorization of the less perceptible and less tangible processes of inclusion and exclusion. The central question of this study is: How do Chinese students’ experiences in higher education, as viewed through Bourdieu’s framework of culture, inform a nuanced understanding of inclusion and exclusion? I draw on Bourdieu’s framework along with its core concepts to analyse the narratives of sixteen self-identified Chinese students from six Ontario post-secondary institutions. Methodologically, I draw on a theme-based approach from Thematic Inquiry and a case-based approach from Narrative Inquiry to form a Bourdieusian methodological framework that stays true to the anti-dualistic epistemological foundation of Bourdieu’s theory. Captured in this study is a complex picture of inclusion and exclusion centred on a boundary that is so intangible and masked that it is largely imperceptible and hence unarticulated. The boundary is imperceptible because: 1) inclusion and exclusion is mediated through an unspoken system of meanings and values inscribed in disposition and practices; the boundary takes the form of a normalized way of being (disposition) and doing (practice) 2) inclusion and exclusion is unintentionally enacted; the boundary takes the form of unintentional domination and ‘voluntary’ exit (as if no external force is driving the exclusion) 3) inclusion and exclusion is diffused by the conversion of the boundary from an overt form to a neutralized or ‘normalized’ form such as social network. While the boundary is obscured, it is at the same time fluid and permeable when capital is strategically positioned and deployed. This study concludes by suggesting the need to take into consideration intangible and unintentional processes of inclusion and exclusion, and a two-way approach (again staying true to Bourdieu’s anti-dualistic framework) to broaden policy and research conversations about inclusion and exclusion. Only when invisible processes of inclusion and exclusion are brought to the fore can we begin to redress them. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The purpose of this study is to examine, analyse and compare to what extent the preschool teachers' child perspective influences their attitude towards different forms of circle time. More specifically, our aim is, firstly to examine how preschool teachers see children's possibilities for influence and participation depending on the form of circle time, and secondly how children are included or excluded within different forms of circle time. We will be using the following questions as a guidance to draw a conclusion: • To what extent does the preschool teacher's child perspective impact on their approach in circle time? • To what extent does the form of circle time affect the inclusion or exclusion of children according to the preschool teachers? • How is the children's influence and participation affected by different forms of circle time? This is a qualitative study based on both semi-structured interviews with preschool teachers and observations of circle time. The fieldwork was carried out at four different preschools in the Stockholm area. The main theoretical frame is based on several notions that are of importance at preschool: inclusion and exclusion, influence and participation, and preschool teachers approach on children. The results show that the child perspective of the majority of the preschool teachers respects the children's own way of thinking and therefore builds on a free will, leads to a more harmonious atmosphere without demonstrative admonitions. The majority of the preschool teachers prefer circle time with a small number of children in order to be able to show consideration both for the tranquil and the go-ahead child's behaviour. The results also show that circle time with less children improves the children's possibility for influence and inclusion compared to traditional circle time. This is because it gives the preschool teacher more time to focus on and notice every single individual. It is the preschool teacher's responsibility to create a circle time that is interesting for the children. This can be achieved either by giving the children more influence or by allowing them to decide if they want to participate at circle time.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-02-09T11:19:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIANA DE ANDRADE SARMENTO TAVARES.pdf: 28101212 bytes, checksum: 9ab839321145757b18be4a98db70af31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-09T11:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIANA DE ANDRADE SARMENTO TAVARES.pdf: 28101212 bytes, checksum: 9ab839321145757b18be4a98db70af31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-09 / That dissertation aims at to evaluate the powder-occupation of the Residential Habitational Group Itamaracá, Goiânia, Goiás, in relation to the conditions that the built atmosphere offers in goods and social services and the social impact related to the habitat. The residents of the habitational group are families that resided in situation of risk e/ou in areas green, public, among other, of the city. The city hall, in the administrative exercise from 2001 to 2004, created the project Dom Fernando, with the objective of urbanizing subnormal establishments, and to build habitational groups for families of low income that lived in risk situation the life and in poverty conditions it exalts, whose financing was originating from the Program to Inhabit Brazil/BID. THE habitat of the Residential Habitational Group Itamaracá looks for in providing a home space he/she deigns to your residents, with a politics of social inclusion. That research intends to evaluate the powder-occupation with emphasis to look the built atmosphere, in the professional social worker vision, in the social dimension to be observed – infrastructure, transport, education, and other - under the light of a critical theoretical framework considered the treated concepts according to the socialist slope, that comes as a need of critical evaluation of the past and of the present in respect to the social differences, once the effective order of the capitalist system, the real estate capital exposes expressions of the social subject to the urban population of Goiânia and of the Brazilian cities. / Esta dissertação objetiva avaliar o pós-ocupação do Conjunto Habitacional Residencial Itamaracá, Goiânia, Goiás, em relação às condições que o ambiente construído oferece em bens e serviços sociais e o impacto social relacionado ao habitat. Os moradores do conjunto habitacional são famílias que residiam em situação de risco e/ou em áreas verdes, públicas, dentre outras, da cidade. A prefeitura, no exercício administrativo de 2001 a 2004, criou o Projeto Dom Fernando, com o objetivo de urbanizar assentamentos subnormais e construir conjuntos habitacionais para famílias de baixa renda que moravam em situação de risco a vida e em condições de pobreza extrema, cujo financiamento foi proveniente do Programa Habitar Brasil/BID. O habitat do Conjunto Habitacional Residencial Itamaracá busca proporcionar um espaço de moradia digna aos seus moradores, com uma política de inclusão social. Esta pesquisa propõe avaliar a pós-ocupação com ênfase a olhar o ambiente construído, na visão do profissional assistente social, na dimensão social a ser observada – infraestrutura, transporte, educação, e outros – sob a luz de um referencial teórico crítico, considerados os conceitos tratados segundo a vertente socialista, que se apresenta como uma necessidade de avaliação crítica do passado e do presente em respeito às diferenças sociais, uma vez que a ordem vigente do sistema capitalista, o capital imobiliário, expõe expressões da questão social à população urbana de Goiânia e das cidades brasileiras.

In this essay I have investigated how two families, with children, who have food allergies, experience what support and what treatment they get in preschool for their difficulties. I have interviewed two children and two parents. The study shows that the interviewed parents believe that more knowledge in the community and among staff in preschool, about food allergies, is needed. Parents wish that the staff should write an action plan that describes how to deal with children who have food allergies and that preschool invites parents and children to record results. It is important to consider an inclusive attitude so that children don’t feels excluded. There is some research going on around this subject and researchers agree that the incidence of food allergies in the society is growing, but that it is difficult to be able to present a certain theory why, and what the underlying factors are. The most probable cause can be our hygiene, our many times excessive cleanliness, we do not get in contact with enough bacteria, which upsets the balance of our immune defence. Our immune system gets too little stimulation of bacteria, and as a result, food allergies can occur. Progress in science today offers some opportunities to understand the origin behind food allergies but knowledge is inadequate it is not known what factors contribute to sensitization and development of the regulatory mechanisms of the individual as to why an allergic reaction occurs or not allergic reaction occurs or not.

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The aim of this bachelor’s thesis in sociology was to understand the situation on the labor market for people with a neuropsychiatric disability (NPD) with the question: “How can one understand, based on the views of a group of formal actors (officials responsible for establishing people in society and in the labor market), what opportunities and obstacles exist for people with an NPD to establish themselves in the labor market in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden?”. The objective is thus to shed light on the situation, as previous research shows vulnerability of disabled people; both in school and on the labor market. The thesis is based on a study with hermeneutic methodology of qualitative character, consisting of semi-structured interviews with eight people whom have work-related experience with people with NPD and whom work for organisations that makes it possible for people to establish themselves in society and in the labor market. The theories used in the thesis are: Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann's theory of social constructions, Hartmut Rosa's theory of acceleration and Jan Inge Jönhill's theory of inclusion and exclusion. The results show that the reasons to why people with NPD become excluded from the labor market mainly originates from employers' attitudes and lack of knowledge about neuropsychiatric diagnoses. There is a generalized perception of the diagnosis function, which can be problematic, since the diagnoses vary from person to person. We refer to this phenomenon as generalizing competence blindness.

The article first argues that there is a range of approaches and models developed in relation to the question of representing ethnic minorities and migrants when it comes to trade union strategies. There is no single model. Instead, there is a variety of approaches and politics, just as there are with a `traditionally established workforce'. Second, this study finds that the understanding of ethnic minority needs varies and the politics of this must be central to any discussion, as one cannot read off assumptions about the issue from formal union strategies, traditional practices and established customs in relation to regulation. In effect, there is a politics of trade union responses and there is diversity in the way the `problem' is read and understood. Third, the article argues that the issue of minority ethnic workers raises questions of trade union identity and purpose. This points to much deeper issues related to the role of regulation and strategies of inclusion — and the extent to which they cohere. It also raises the issue of the configuration of strategies of social inclusion and on occasions how strategies ignore the broader issue of participation of those they seek to represent. To this extent the article is not exclusively about inclusion and exclusion — but about the politics and contradictory dynamics of inclusion.

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No. of bitstreams: 4 GilvanTCC.pdf: 392056 bytes, checksum: c92e4c9757ada7893dc6f62a78267aa6 (MD5) IMG_20181102_131441.jpg: 1218636 bytes, checksum: 36aa8c31ec2aca115870ea2c2a9e278c (MD5) IMG_20181102_131427.jpg: 1672384 bytes, checksum: ef52fc665bf97e6c37ae0b3c0202ac2c (MD5) fichacatalografica.pdf: 5598 bytes, checksum: 78c21bd3648cbde20ad062f8314ad74d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / This work aims to study combinatorial analysis, which is an important branch of mathematics which is not usually subtly treated and through many years was teached as the mechanical memorization, leaving aside the learning process, self-learning and logical construction. It is important to emphasize the application of combinatorial analysis in set theory and probabilities theory that are often present in problem solving. It is necessary to present to our students the potential and beauty of the logical construction of ideas of combinatorial analysis, not excluding formulas applications, that can be used when the concepts and structure is well assimilated. We present counting methods beyond those used in basic education such as repetition chaotic permutations combinations, inclusion and exclusion principles, Kaplansky and Dirichlet lemmas, but we also highlight basic methods such as simple arrangements, simple combinations, and simple permutations. Beyond that, we present a generalization of the factorial numbers through the Gamma function besides olympics problems resolutions. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar Análise Combinatória, que é um importante ramo da matemática que normalmente não é tratado com sutileza e transmitida ao longo dos anos através de memorização mecânica deixando o processo aprendizagem, auto-aprendizagem e construção lógica de lado. É importante enfatizar a aplicação da Análise Combinatória nas teorias dos conjuntos e teoria das probabilidades que muitas vezes se fazem presentes nas resoluções de problemas. Se faz necessário apresentar para nossos alunos o potencial e a beleza da construção lógica de ideias que a Análise Combinatória proporciona não excluindo as aplicações de fórmulas mas que elas possam ser usadas quando os conceitos e a estrutura forem bem assimiladas. Apresentamos métodos de contagem além dos usados no ensino básico como permutações caóticas combinações com repetição, princípio da inclusão e exclusão, lemas de Kaplansky e de Dirichlet mas também destacamos os métodos básicos como arranjos simples, combinações simples e permutações simples. Além disso, para apresentamos uma generalização dos números fatoriais definida pela função Gama e resoluções de problemas de olimpíadas.