Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-31T16:37:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thatiana dos Santos Nascimento Imenes.pdf: 7096434 bytes, checksum: f2e2a9840b6f83647306fda57a0d7941 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T16:37:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thatiana dos Santos Nascimento Imenes.pdf: 7096434 bytes, checksum: f2e2a9840b6f83647306fda57a0d7941 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-22 / CAPES / This paper presents a proposal of educational intervention for the study and use of the strategies of indefinite subject in elementary school, applied in classes of the eighth year of a municipal school in Rio de Janeiro, in order to make the student know and use the forms of indeterminacy in the written form of Brazilian Portuguese, depending on the level of the text monitoring. The learning activities are based on a diagnostic survey of three segments involved in the teaching-learning process: teacher, student and textbook. Regarding teachers, we applied a questionnaire in which we aimed at identifying their beliefs and attitudes in relation to the phenomenon under analysis. Regarding the students, we analyzed their answers to the exercises proposed by the textbook adopted by that school. The theoretical-methodological basis underlying the formulation of these exercises also served as the object of analysis to establish the diagnosis. The intervention proposal was based on the Continuum Model, designed by Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2005), specifically in continuous stylistic monitoring. As a teaching methodology, we took the collaborative learning approach (Behrens, 2013) as support. / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de interven??o pedag?gica para o estudo e uso das estrat?gias do sujeito indeterminado no ensino fundamental, aplicada em turmas do oitavo ano de uma escola municipal do Rio de Janeiro, com o objetivo de levar o aluno a conhecer e usar as formas de indetermina??o na modalidade escrita do Portugu?s Brasileiro, a depender do grau de monitora??o do texto. As atividades did?ticas partem de uma pesquisa diagn?stica com tr?s segmentos envolvidos no processo ensino-aprendizagem: professor, aluno e livro did?tico. Em rela??o aos docentes, foi aplicado um question?rio em que buscamos identificar as cren?as e atitudes deles quanto ao fen?meno sob estudo. No tocante aos alunos, analisaram-se as respostas dadas por eles aos exerc?cios propostos pelo livro did?tico adotado pela referida escola. A fundamenta??o te?rico-metodol?gica subjacente ? formula??o desses exerc?cios tamb?m serviu de objeto de an?lise para constitui??o do diagn?stico. A proposta de interven??o baseou-se no Modelo dos Cont?nuos, idealizado por Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2005), mais especificamente no cont?nuo de monitora??o estil?sitica. Como metodologia did?tica, tomamos como apoio a abordagem de aprendizagem colaborativa, desenvolvida por Behrens (2000).

Coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations (CNLS) govern many physical phenomena, such as nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates. For their wide applications, many studies have been carried out by physicists, mathematicians and engineers from different respects. In this dissertation, we focused on standing wave solutions, which are of particular interests for their relatively simple form and the important roles they play in studying other wave solutions. We studied the multiplicity of this type of solutions of CNLS via variational methods and bifurcation methods. Variational methods are useful tools for studying differential equations and systems of differential equations that possess the so-called variational structure. For such an equation or system, a weak solution can be found through finding the critical point of a corresponding energy functional. If this equation or system is also invariant under a certain symmetric group, multiple solutions are often expected. In this work, an integer-valued function that measures symmetries of CNLS was used to determine critical values. Besides variational methods, bifurcation methods may also be used to find solutions of a differential equation or system, if some trivial solution branch exists and the system is degenerate somewhere on this branch. If local bifurcations exist, then new solutions can be found in a neighborhood of each bifurcation point. If global bifurcation branches exist, then there is a continuous solution branch emanating from each bifurcation point. We consider two types of CNLS. First, for a fully symmetric system, we introduce a new index and use it to construct a sequence of critical energy levels. Using variational methods and the symmetric structure, we prove that there is at least one solution on each one of these critical energy levels. Second, we study the bifurcation phenomena of a two-equation asymmetric system. All these bifurcations take place with respect to a positive solution branch that is already known. The locations of the bifurcation points are determined through an equation of a coupling parameter. A few nonexistence results of positive solutions are also given

Le but de la thèse est d'étudier l'homogénéisation d'équations de convection-diffusion singulières et de problèmes spectraux à poids indéfini. La thèse se compose de deux parties. La première partie contient des résultats qualitatifs et asymptotiques pour les solutions d'équations de type convection-diffusion stationnaires et instationnaires, qui sont définies dans des domaines bornés ou nonbornés. Les problèmes examinés comprennent des études qualitatives pour une équation elliptique avec des termes du premier ordre dans un cylindre semi-infini, l'homogénéisation de modèles de convection-diffusion dans des cylindres minces et une analyse asymptotique d'équations de convection-diffusion instationnaires avec un grand terme du premier ordre, posées dans un domaine borné. La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur l'homogénéisation de problèmes spectraux à poids indéfini, pouvant changer de signe. On montre que le comportement asymptotique dépend essentiellement de la moyenne du poids, notamment si la moyenne est nulle ou non nulle. On construit alors le développement asymptotique du spectre dans les deux cas.

We study the preconditioning of symmetric indefinite linear systems of equations that arise in interior point solution of linear optimization problems. The preconditioning method that we study exploits the block structure of the augmented matrix to design a similar block structure preconditioner to improve the spectral properties of the resulting preconditioned matrix so as to improve the convergence rate of the iterative solution of the system. We also propose a two-phase algorithm that takes advantage of the spectral properties of the transformed matrix to solve for the Newton directions in the interior-point method. Numerical experiments have been performed on some LP test problems in the NETLIB suite to demonstrate the potential of the preconditioning method discussed. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

This bachelor thesis shows a way to classify second order symmetric tensors in the Lorentz metric. Some basic prerequisite about indefinite and definite algebra is introduced, such as the Jordan form, indefinite inner products, the Segre type, and the Minkowski space. There are also some results concerning the invariant 2-spaces of a symmetric tensor and a different approach on how to classify second order symmetric tensor.

The present thesis offers a thorough examination of Modern Greek distributive determiner (o) kathe (every, each, any) nominal phrases and accounts for the different readings of these expressions. Kathe NPs exhibit a universal distributive every reading (definite use), a Free Choice any (indefinite use) and a kind interpretation. O kathe NPs exhibit a universal distributive each reading (familiar and definite use), a Free Choice any and an Indiscriminative Free Choice just any reading (indefinite uses). In line with previous proposals for every, I suggest that kathe determiners do not lexicalize a universal operator. Following Szabolcsi (2010) on every NPs, I argue that (o) kathe NPs are (inherently) indefinite expressions (in the sense of Heim 1982) that make part of a quantificational concord. A distributive operator binds the element variables of their NP set; a clause-typing operator in the left periphery, a Definiteness, a Generic or a Modal Operator binds the context set variables of the NP, rendering a universal, a kind or an FC reading to the expression, accordingly. The presence of different sentential operators under C determines the readings that arise. I argue that binding by these operators corresponds to two Agree operations in syntax: One is between the Distributive operator in C and Q on the DP as well as with Aspect on the vP. The other one is between the sentential operator and the relevant feature on Q but also on TP/ vP. The quantificational chains formed are argued to be, to some extent, similar to that of wh- chains. In Chapter 1, I present the essential syntactic and semantic background, as well as an outline of my proposal to the riddle of every and (o)kathe NPs interpretational variability. In Chapter 2, I discuss and analyze the syntax of Determiner Phrases and Quantifier Phrases and in particular the syntactic structure of Greek kathe, o kathe, oli i NPs, as well as that of English every, each, all and all the NPs. In Chapter 3 I investigate the different readings the kathe and o kathe NPs give rise to and the semantics behind that, as well as previous approaches on the issue. In Chapter 4, I explain the interpretational variability of the expression in hand as a result of the binding of the NPs’ context set variables by different Operators (a Definiteness, a Generic or a Modal Operator) and Operation Agree. In Chapter 5, I discuss how the theory proposed for Greek kathe, o kathe and English every, each NPs could explain relevant phenomena of quantificational variability in Chinese and Japanese, as well as Greek Polarity phenomena. In Chapter 6, I conclude the discussion. / Η παρούσα διατριβή προσφέρει μια αναλυτική εξέταση των επιμεριστικών δεικτών κάθε και ο κάθε της Νέας Ελληνικής και των Ονοματικών Φράσεών τους, όπως επίσης και μία εξήγηση για τις ποικίλες διαφορετικές ερμηνείες των εκφράσεων αυτών, αλλά και των αντιστοίχων της Αγγλικής. Οι Ονοματικές Φράσεις (ΟΦ) με το κάθε (κάθε ΟΦ) στην οριστική τους χρήση παρουσιάζουν μία ερμηνεία καθολικής ποσοτικής δείξης, όπως επίσης μία ερμηνεία ελεύθερης επιλογής, αόριστης χρήσης, και μία ερμηνεία είδους. Οι Ονοματικές Φράσεις με το ο κάθε (ο κάθε ΟΦ) παρουσιάζουν μία ερμηνεία καθολικής ποσοτικής δείξης ως οριστική και οικεία χρήση, μία ερμηνεία ελεύθερης επιλογής και μία υποτιμητικής ελεύθερης επιλογής ως αόριστες χρήσεις. Σε συμφωνία με προηγούμενες αναλύσεις για τον αντίστοιχο προσδιοριστή της Αγγλικής, προτείνω ότι τα κάθε και ο κάθε δεν λεξικοποιούν τον καθολικό ποσοτικό τελεστή της λογικής. Αντίθετα, ισχυρίζομαι ότι οι Ονοματικές Φράσεις με τα κάθε και ο κάθε είναι κατά βάση αόριστες εκφράσεις, οι οποίες συμμετέχουν σε διαφορετικές ποσοδεικτικές αλυσίδες εκφράσεων κάθε φορά. Ένας επιμεριστικός τελεστής στην αριστερή περιφέρεια δεσμεύει την στοιχειώδη μεταβλητή του συνόλου της ΟΦ. Ένας οριστικός, ένας γενικός ή ένας τροπικός τελεστής, επίσης στην αριστερή περιφέρεια, δεσμεύει τη μεταβλητή περικειμένου, δίνοντας αντίστοιχα τις ερμηνείες της καθολικής ποσοτικής δείξης, του είδους και της ελεύθερης επιλογής. Η παρουσία διαφορετικών προτασιακών τελεστών, λοιπόν, καθορίζει την ανάδυση των διαφορετικών ερμηνειών. Επίσης, ισχυρίζομαι ότι η όλη διαδικασία της δέσμευσης αντιστοιχεί σε λειτουργίες Συμφωνείν στη σύνταξη. Οι ποσοδεικτικές αλυσίδες που σχηματίζονται είναι σε κάποιο βαθμό όμοιες με αυτές των ερωτηματικών προτάσεων. Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 παραθέτω το απαραίτητο συντακτικό και σημασιολογικό υπόβαθρο, όπως επίσης και μια προεπισκόπηση της πρότασής μου. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2 παρουσιάζεται μια συντακτική ανάλυση των εκφράσεων αυτών και των αντιστοίχων αγγλικών. Το Κεφάλαιο 3 διερευνά την σημασιολογία και τις διαφορετικές ερμηνείες. Στο Κεφάλαιο 4 προσφέρω την θεωρητική μου ανάλυση, ενώ στο Κεφάλαιο 5 παρατίθεται μία σύγκριση με ανάλογα φαινόμενα στην Κινεζική και την Ιαπωνική, όπως επίσης και με εκφράσεις πολικότητας της Νέας Ελληνικής. Στο Κεφάλαιο 6 συνοψίζονται τα συμπεράσματα της έρευνας.

The main theme of this thesis is the category of determination in the Spanish language. Considering that this category is very large in spanish language we have focused in detail on the article, especially the indefinite article. This work is devided into two parts, the theoretic and the practical part. The theoretic part has been devoted to definitions and main characterization of the article, primarily the indefinite article. This issue is looked upon from the point of different publications that discuss it more or less thoroughly. Considering that the category of determination itself does not exist in the Czech language we briefly draw other mediums to express this phenomenon, especially the word order. For the practical part the qualitative methods were used.In this part the use of determinants was analyzed in administrative and legal texts, specifically in two texts from the web page www.Eur-Lex.eu, in one text from Boletín Oficial del Estado and in one law of the Czech Ministry of Education.

Cizojazyčné resumé My diploma thesis deals with the issue of the administrative consideration and indeterminate legal terms. In first chapter are mentioned theoretical fundamentals of administrative consideration and analysis of application principles. There are also described main conceptual features - provision of law as a legal basis, freedom in decision making proces and possibility to choose an optimal solution of the issue, conclusion, that discreation is not an inherent attribute of decission making proces within public administration, limits of dicretion, which can be deduced from provision of law (concretised limits) and basic principles of public law (general limits) and finally legal requirements for reasoning for the decision, based on administrative consideration. Second chapter describes indeterminate legal terms. At first text clarifies process of interpretation and subsumption facts under such terms, explains reasons and consequences of using this terms in law regulations. Chapter three deals with very common phenomenon - coexistention of administrative consideration and indefinite legal terms in one legal provision. Author analyses relations between them and then reccomend, with respect to judicial conclusions, how to carry out the process of aplication properly. In chapter four author...

[pt] A presente tese tem como objetivo desenvolver uma discussão acerca das condições de possibilidade da quantificação irrestrita e existência da generalidade absoluta. O trabalho é dividido em quatro etapas. No primeiro capítulo, realizo, no âmbito da teoria dos modelos e teoria dos conjuntos, uma revisão do que chamo de semântica padrão dos quantificadores. A ideia básica é mostrar como, em tal semântica, quantificações estão associadas a domínios entendidos como conjuntos. Ao longo da tese, ficará patente que a semântica padrão impõe obstáculos intransponíveis ao tratamento formal de quantificações irrestritas. No segundo capítulo, apresento uma seleção do que considero os argumentos mais relevantes contra quantificações irrestritas e nossa capacidade de lidar formalmente com o que chamamos de generalidade absoluta. Alguns desses argumentos estão baseados em resultados tais como os paradoxos que Russell e Cantor derivaram na teoria dos conjuntos. No terceiro capítulo, apresento, de modo análogo, uma lista de argumentos agrupados em linhas de estratégias para reabilitar a quantificação irrestrita contra seus críticos. Além disso, desenvolvo uma discussão sobre os aspectos metafísicos do debate sobre o discurso a respeito da generalidade absoluta e sua correlação com argumentos por regresso ao infinito. Por fim, no quarto e último capítulo, desenvolvo um esboço geral de uma proposta alternativa de tratamento da quantificação irrestrita que apele para uma teoria paraconsistente dos conjuntos. Nela, as contradições obtidas na semântica padrão podem ser admitidas controladamente possibilitando assim a obtenção de domínios absolutos para quantificações. Essa proposta envolve a defesa de um sistema formal que seja inconsistente, porém dedutivamente não trivial. Em linhas gerais, o presente trabalho está pautado no seguinte conjunto de teses: (i) existe uma estreita correlação entre os obstáculos impostos pela semântica padrão às quantificações irrestritas e a estrutura de argumentos por regresso ao infinito; (ii) a existência de uma generalidade absoluta é um fenômeno que se impõe às nossas mais intuitivas concepções de realidade e, portanto, não devemos descredenciar o discurso sobre tal generalidade em virtude de limitações de nossas linguagens formais; (iii) nós devemos escolher entre assumir a lógica clássica e abdicar do discurso sobre a generalidade absoluta ou manter nossa intuição mais básica descrita em (ii) e abrir espaço para um tratamento não clássico da questão; finalmente, (iv) minha sugestão no presente trabalho é que temos boas razões para nos aventurar nas paisagens descritas pelos sistemas não clássicos. / [en] In this doctoral dissertation, I tackle the issues of the conditions for the possibility of unrestricted quantification and of absolute generality. The text is framed as follows. The first chapter is devoted to reviewing what I call the standard semantics of quantifiers, within the realm of both model and set theories. In such semantics, the idea is, quantificational domains are conceived as sets. It will become clear along the way that, given this construal of quantificational domains, a formal treatment of unrestricted quantification faces insurmountable obstacles. The second chapter focuses on what I take to be the most relevant arguments against unrestricted quantification as well as against our ability to formally deal with so-called absolute generality. Some of them are based on results obtained by Russell and Cantor within set theory – the notorious Russell s paradox and Cantor s theorem. Analogously, in chapter three I review a number of grouped-into-strategic-lines arguments put forward to save unrestricted quantification against its critics. I also elaborate on the metaphysical aspects of the debate and its connections with infinite regress arguments. Lastly, in the fourth chapter I outline an alternative proposal based on paraconsistent set theory to deal with unrestricted quantification. On this approach, the contradictions found in standard semantics are admitted, yet in a controlled way, thus turning absolute quantificational domains available. The proposal is, basically, to allow the existence of inconsistent, yet deductively not trivial formal systems. The present work is broadly guided by the following set of claims: (i) there is a strong correlation between the obstacles set by standard semantics to unrestricted quantification and the structure of infinite regress arguments; (ii) absolute generality is a phenomenon that imposes itself upon our most intuitive conceptions of reality; accordingly, the limitations suffered by our formal languages ought not to lead us to bring such generality into disrepute; (iii) one must choose between adopting classical logic and renouncing to appeal to absolute generality or sticking to our most basic intuitions as described in (ii) and make room for a non-classical treatment of the issue; (iv) we have, after all, good reasons to venture into the landscapes described by the non-classical systems.

This work is concerned with the construction of preconditioners for indefinite linear systems. The systems under investigation arise in the numerical solution of quadratic programming problems, for example in the form of Karush--Kuhn--Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions or in interior--point methods. Therefore, the system matrix is referred to as a KKT matrix. It is not the purpose of this thesis to investigate systems arising from general quadratic programming problems, but to study systems arising in linear quadratic control problems governed by partial differential equations. The KKT matrix is symmetric, nonsingular, and indefinite. For the solution of the linear systems generalizations of the conjugate gradient method, MINRES and SYMMLQ, are used. The performance of these iterative solution methods depends on the eigenvalue distribution of the matrix and of the cost of the multiplication of the system matrix with a vector. To increase the performance of these methods, one tries to transform the system to favorably change its eigenvalue distribution. This is called preconditioning and the nonsingular transformation matrices are called preconditioners. Since the overall performance of the iterative methods also depends on the cost of matrix--vector multiplications, the preconditioner has to be constructed so that it can be applied efficiently. The preconditioners designed in this thesis are positive definite and they maintain the symmetry of the system. For the construction of the preconditioners we strongly exploit the structure of the underlying system. The preconditioners are composed of preconditioners for the submatrices in the KKT system. Therefore, known efficient preconditioners can be readily adapted to this context. The derivation of the preconditioners is motivated by the properties of the KKT matrices arising in optimal control problems. An analysis of the preconditioners is given and various cases which are important for interior point methods are treated separately. The preconditioners are tested on a typical problem, a Neumann boundary control for an elliptic equation. In many important situations the preconditioners substantially reduce the number of iterations needed by the solvers. In some cases, it can even be shown that the number of iterations for the preconditioned system is independent of the refinement of the discretization of the partial differential equation. / Master of Science