Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Estevao Biasi.pdf: 17272859 bytes, checksum: 7439701bdbfcca909dcf85a6521b69cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-22 / ADVENIAT / The goal of this dissertation is to build an analysis on the missionary action developed by the Catholic Church with the Kaingang people, since its origins, more than 160 years ago. This way, we intend to collaborate in the construction of a new way of missionary action to the indigenous people. This dissertation integrates the effort of building a missionary action which stands out by the announcement and testimony of the Gospels, allied to the commitment to the indigenous cause. For that purpose, we studied the main aspects of the Kaingang culture, based on the anthropological literature, having the origin myth as reference. From the information obtained in the anthropological literature, we looked at the indigenous land Ligeiro, aiming to comprehend its historical trajectory and the current reality. We analyzed the contact of the Kaingang people with the Catholic Church missionaries based on several missionary activities developed around three forms or experiences of Catholicism: missionary, popular and institutional. Those forms or experiences of Catholicism which were practiced with the Kaingang communities have provoked profound alterations in their cultural and religious universe, but they kept on being Kaingang. Thus, we have analyzed the current expressions of the Kaingang culture and the significant elements that are kept, also indicating the challenge of realizing a missionary action based on the ethics of respect / O objetivo desta dissertação é construir uma análise sobre a atuação missionária desenvolvida pela Igreja Católica junto aos Kaingang, desde os primórdios, há mais de 160 anos. Com isso, pretendemos colaborar na construção de um novo jeito de ação missionária junto aos povos indígenas. Esta dissertação integra o amplo esforço de construir uma ação missionária que prime pelo anúncio e testemunho do Evangelho aliado ao compromisso com a causa indígena. Para tanto, empreendemos o estudo sobre os principais aspectos da cultura Kaingang a partir da literatura antropológica, tendo como referencial o mito de origem. Face às informações encontradas na literatura antropológica, buscamos na Terra Indígena Ligeiro um contraponto, construindo uma leitura da sua trajetória histórica e da realidade atual. Analisamos o contato do povo Kaingang com os missionários da Igreja Católica a partir das diversas atividades missionárias em torno de três formas ou experiências de catolicismo: missionário, popular e institucional. Essas formas ou experiências de catolicismo praticadas junto às comunidades Kaingang provocaram profundas alterações no seu universo cultural e religioso, mas continuavam a ser Kaingang. Desta forma, analisamos as expressões atuais da cultura Kaingang, os elementos significativos que são guardados e apontamos o desafio de se realizar uma ação missionária baseada na ética do respeito

Wik, Wik-Way and Kugu people (Wik people) in Aurukun Shire on Cape York Peninsula (CYP) are among the most socio-economically disadvantaged groups in Australia. While Wik people are presently reliant on government work for welfare programs for income, elders have a vision of economic independence and self-reliance. The large area of native Darwin stringybark (Eucalyptus tetrodonta) forest on traditional Wik land is a potential engine for economic development, which could provide meaningful employment, and contribute to other Wik socio-economic objectives, including facilitating population decentralisation and consolidation of cultural obligations to manage country through provision of on country employment, reducing welfare dependency and expenditure on timber purchases from outside CYP, and increasing income and skill levels in the community. A large proportion of the higher-quality timber resource on traditional Wik land is situated on bauxite mining leases and the current practice is to clear, windrow and burn this timber prior to commencement of mining. A Wik native forest timber industry could make use of this wasted high-quality timber resource. The objectives of this thesis were to: determine the property rights of Wik people to the timber resource on their traditional land; assess whether forestry operations in Darwin stringybark forests in the study area are likely to be financially viable; and generate a suite of optimal timber utilisation strategies for Wik people, subject to cultural, ecological and economic constraints. This required economic research in the areas of indigenous property rights, private and social costs and benefits of forestry, timber markets, and evaluation and application of economic analysis techniques for appraisal of forestry development opportunities. A social cost-benefit analysis of the privately optimal timber utilisation policies has also been performed to support the decision-making of government policy-makers. This research project was a demanding and complex undertaking, not least because the research was being performed in a unique and diverse indigenous cultural environment where there is a need to respect cultural and research ethics protocols, where formal participatory research methods are inappropriate and where gatekeepers are particularly zealous about ‘protecting’ Wik people from ‘outsiders’. In addition, the property rights of Wik people to timber resources had never previously been analysed methodically, timber inventory and timber market information was lacking for CYP, and there are difficulties in transferring parameter estimates from the industrial hardwood timber industry of Australia to culturally appropriate indigenous operations on CYP. A critical research step was to develop a rapport with Wik people and gain an insight into their forestry objectives, through a number of visits to Aurukun Shire and informal discussions with elders on country. The property rights of Wik people to timber resources have been assessed by reviewing Federal and State Government legislation, court rulings, regional development policies and the Queensland Code of Practice for Native Forest Timber Production on State-owned lands. A timber inventory was conducted over 580,000 ha of Darwin stringybark forest, individual-tree volume and taper models were developed, and a geographical information system was used in estimation of harvestable timber volume and its spatial distribution. To facilitate information transfer to Wik people, expertise was gained in the use of forest visualisation software to pictorially display timber inventory data. A review of literature and discussions with experts identified technically feasible timber processing opportunities for CYP timbers. An informal telephone and in-person survey of 46 businesses, local councils and government agencies in north and south Queensland and the Northern Territory provided market information about CYP timbers. Concepts of a culturally appropriate working week and culturally appropriate rate of production were developed to assist the estimation of cost structures for a Wik timber industry, based on cost estimates for non-indigenous Australian hardwood forestry enterprises that had been obtained from discussion with forestry experts and ‘grey literature’. Generation and evaluation of a suite of privately optimal timber utilisation strategies for Wik people has been supported by the development of a mixed-integer goal programming (GP) model using the GAMS software package. The social analysis of the privately optimal strategies has been performed by adjusting private net present values (NPV) estimated by the GP model with shadow prices and transfer payments. In particular, a carbon model has been developed to estimate the value of carbon emitted by the Wik timber industry. The GP model analysis suggests that a Wik timber industry can generate a positive financial NPV if seed funding of at least $0.5 M is available. In general, privately optimal forestry strategies for Wik people generated by the GP model utilise relatively low-technology equipment, including portable sawmills and air-drying sheds, and produce undressed timber products such as structural timber. This contrasts strongly with Wik visions of an industry selling mostly unprocessed logs or woodchips and non-indigenous representatives of Wik people favouring the manufacture of high-value strip-flooring and furniture. The social analysis of privately optimal timber utilisation strategies reveals that social NPVs are much higher than financial NPVs, even when accounting for the costs of ecosystem services foregone by logging native forest. The establishment of a culturally appropriate Wik timber industry can be expected to generate net social benefits for Australia.

Wik, Wik-Way and Kugu people (Wik people) in Aurukun Shire on Cape York Peninsula (CYP) are among the most socio-economically disadvantaged groups in Australia. While Wik people are presently reliant on government work for welfare programs for income, elders have a vision of economic independence and self-reliance. The large area of native Darwin stringybark (Eucalyptus tetrodonta) forest on traditional Wik land is a potential engine for economic development, which could provide meaningful employment, and contribute to other Wik socio-economic objectives, including facilitating population decentralisation and consolidation of cultural obligations to manage country through provision of on country employment, reducing welfare dependency and expenditure on timber purchases from outside CYP, and increasing income and skill levels in the community. A large proportion of the higher-quality timber resource on traditional Wik land is situated on bauxite mining leases and the current practice is to clear, windrow and burn this timber prior to commencement of mining. A Wik native forest timber industry could make use of this wasted high-quality timber resource. The objectives of this thesis were to: determine the property rights of Wik people to the timber resource on their traditional land; assess whether forestry operations in Darwin stringybark forests in the study area are likely to be financially viable; and generate a suite of optimal timber utilisation strategies for Wik people, subject to cultural, ecological and economic constraints. This required economic research in the areas of indigenous property rights, private and social costs and benefits of forestry, timber markets, and evaluation and application of economic analysis techniques for appraisal of forestry development opportunities. A social cost-benefit analysis of the privately optimal timber utilisation policies has also been performed to support the decision-making of government policy-makers. This research project was a demanding and complex undertaking, not least because the research was being performed in a unique and diverse indigenous cultural environment where there is a need to respect cultural and research ethics protocols, where formal participatory research methods are inappropriate and where gatekeepers are particularly zealous about ‘protecting’ Wik people from ‘outsiders’. In addition, the property rights of Wik people to timber resources had never previously been analysed methodically, timber inventory and timber market information was lacking for CYP, and there are difficulties in transferring parameter estimates from the industrial hardwood timber industry of Australia to culturally appropriate indigenous operations on CYP. A critical research step was to develop a rapport with Wik people and gain an insight into their forestry objectives, through a number of visits to Aurukun Shire and informal discussions with elders on country. The property rights of Wik people to timber resources have been assessed by reviewing Federal and State Government legislation, court rulings, regional development policies and the Queensland Code of Practice for Native Forest Timber Production on State-owned lands. A timber inventory was conducted over 580,000 ha of Darwin stringybark forest, individual-tree volume and taper models were developed, and a geographical information system was used in estimation of harvestable timber volume and its spatial distribution. To facilitate information transfer to Wik people, expertise was gained in the use of forest visualisation software to pictorially display timber inventory data. A review of literature and discussions with experts identified technically feasible timber processing opportunities for CYP timbers. An informal telephone and in-person survey of 46 businesses, local councils and government agencies in north and south Queensland and the Northern Territory provided market information about CYP timbers. Concepts of a culturally appropriate working week and culturally appropriate rate of production were developed to assist the estimation of cost structures for a Wik timber industry, based on cost estimates for non-indigenous Australian hardwood forestry enterprises that had been obtained from discussion with forestry experts and ‘grey literature’. Generation and evaluation of a suite of privately optimal timber utilisation strategies for Wik people has been supported by the development of a mixed-integer goal programming (GP) model using the GAMS software package. The social analysis of the privately optimal strategies has been performed by adjusting private net present values (NPV) estimated by the GP model with shadow prices and transfer payments. In particular, a carbon model has been developed to estimate the value of carbon emitted by the Wik timber industry. The GP model analysis suggests that a Wik timber industry can generate a positive financial NPV if seed funding of at least $0.5 M is available. In general, privately optimal forestry strategies for Wik people generated by the GP model utilise relatively low-technology equipment, including portable sawmills and air-drying sheds, and produce undressed timber products such as structural timber. This contrasts strongly with Wik visions of an industry selling mostly unprocessed logs or woodchips and non-indigenous representatives of Wik people favouring the manufacture of high-value strip-flooring and furniture. The social analysis of privately optimal timber utilisation strategies reveals that social NPVs are much higher than financial NPVs, even when accounting for the costs of ecosystem services foregone by logging native forest. The establishment of a culturally appropriate Wik timber industry can be expected to generate net social benefits for Australia.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-19T20:36:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mateussenalopes.pdf: 1307180 bytes, checksum: 3038997bcf156fce96d0039ebb4df85c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T15:09:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mateussenalopes.pdf: 1307180 bytes, checksum: 3038997bcf156fce96d0039ebb4df85c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T15:10:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mateussenalopes.pdf: 1307180 bytes, checksum: 3038997bcf156fce96d0039ebb4df85c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T15:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mateussenalopes.pdf: 1307180 bytes, checksum: 3038997bcf156fce96d0039ebb4df85c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-25 / A pesquisa intitulada “Evasão e Fracasso escolar de alunos de comunidades indígenas do Instituto Federal de Roraima/Campus Amajari: um estudo de caso” parte do interesse em compreender o porquê dos altos índices de evasão e fracasso escolar de alunos de comunidades indígenas matriculados nos cursos técnicos ofertados pelo IFRR/CAM. Estudos sobre evasão e fracasso escolar como os de BRANDÃO, BAETA & ROCHA (1983), citando os estudos de GATTI (1981), ARNS (1978) e FERRARI (1975), culpam o próprio educando pelo seu fracasso. O IFRR/CAM é uma instituição educacional que oferta, dentre outros, educação profissional técnica articulada ao ensino médio no município de Amajari/RR. Este município é cercado por comunidades indígenas. Os alunos indígenas destas comunidades correspondem a 56,2% do total de alunos matriculados no IFRR/CAM e estão entre os mais afetados pela evasão e fracasso escolar. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é identificar o que leva os alunos de comunidades indígenas matriculados nos cursos técnicos articulados ao ensino médio do IFRR/CAM à evasão e fracasso escolar. Para o alcance do objetivo foi feito um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, de forma a permitir a contextualização do tema, a exposição teórico-metodológica utilizada e a apresentação dos fatores que levam à evasão e fracasso escolar de alunos de comunidades indígenas matriculados nos cursos técnicos articulados ao ensino médio do IFRR/CAM no período compreendido entre os anos 2008 e 2016. Para isso, a metodologia utilizada fez uso de dados primários e secundários, sendo que os primários foram obtidos por meio de três formas. Em primeiro lugar, o uso da técnica de observação espontânea. Em segundo, com o uso dos seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa: (1) a entrevista semiestruturada; e (2) a aplicação de um questionário. Quanto aos dados secundários, estes foram obtidos por meio da pesquisa de documentos e registros da instituição. Dessa forma, as análises das entrevistas mostraram que fatores como: problemas com a logística do transporte, não identificação com os cursos ofertados, jornada diária desgastante, dificuldade em acompanhar o ritmo dos cursos, problemas de relacionamento com o professor e a reprovação, se destacaram como possíveis causas da evasão e fracasso escolar na instituição. Entretanto, a maneira como estes fatores se apresentam indicam diferenças que podem estar relacionadas aos conflitos gerados pelo choque cultural entre indígenas e não indígenas, principalmente quando negam aos alunos indígenas o seu direito à educação diferenciada. Portanto, pôde ser constatado que o IFRR/CAM, mesmo apresentando algumas propostas inovadoras, ainda não consegue superar a influência de um modelo pensado a luz do sistema capitalista, que historicamente continua promovendo desigualdades sociais. / The research entitled "School Evasion and Failure of Students from Indigenous Communities of the Federal Institute of Roraima / Amajari Campus: A Case Study" is part of the interest in understanding why high rates of school dropout and failure of students from indigenous communities enrolled in the courses Offered by IFRR / CAM. Citations of GATTI (1981), ARNS (1978), and FERRARI (1975), blame the student for his failure, such as those of Brandon, Baeta & Roche (1983). The IFRR / CAM is an educational institution that offers, among others, professional technical education articulated to secondary education in the municipality of Amajari / RR. This municipality is surrounded by indigenous communities. The indigenous students of these communities correspond to 56.2% of the total number of students enrolled in the IFRR / CAM and are among the most affected by school dropout and failure. The general objective of the research is to identify what leads the students of indigenous communities enrolled in the technical courses articulated to the high school of the IFRR / CAM to school dropout and failure. To reach the objective, a case study of a qualitative nature was done in order to allow the contextualization of the theme, the theoretical and methodological exposition used and the presentation of the factors that lead to the school dropout and failure of students from indigenous communities enrolled in the courses Technicians articulated to the high school of the IFRR / CAM in the period between 2008 and 2016. For this, the methodology used made use of primary and secondary data, and the primary ones were obtained in three ways. Firstly, the use of the spontaneous observation technique. Second, with the use of the following research tools: (1) the semistructured interview; And (2) the application of a questionnaire. As for the secondary data, these were obtained through the research of documents and records of the institution. Thus, the analysis of the interviews showed that factors such as: problems with the transportation logistics, not identification with the offered courses, exhausting daily journey, difficulty in keeping up with the rhythm of the courses, relationship problems with the teacher and disapproval, As possible causes of school dropout and failure in the institution. However, the way in which these factors are presented indicates differences that may be related to the conflicts generated by cultural clashes between indigenous and non-indigenous people, especially when they deny indigenous students their right to differentiated education. Therefore, IFRR / CAM, even presenting some innovative proposals, still can not overcome the influence of a model thought in the light of the capitalist system, which historically continues to promote social inequalities.

《原住民族基本法》於2005年通過，是台灣原住民族運動努力多年的成果，但是近年來原住民族仍持續面對各種壓迫。在土地權利方面，該法第21條規定政府或私人於原住民族土地進行開發利用時，需事先諮詢當地原住民族之同意或參與（簡稱「同意權」），然而在許多案件中，原住民族主張此條文表達反對時，經常未能得到行政部門正面回應。本研究以日月潭邵族反對向山旅館開發案為例，理解「同意權」如何變成「落空的權利」。 許多文獻討論，將原住民族權利與實踐的落差歸因於「個人權」（individual right）與「集體權」（collective right）兩種概念的差異及行政部門本位主義因素。本研究則想更進一步釐清，又有哪些其他因素也影響原住民族權利的落實？ 在這些因素的影響下，「同意權」的規範運作又產生了何種實際效用？ 本研究將從「法律多重製圖」之觀點回答上述問題，首先將探究「同意權」概念在國際法、國內法與行政實踐中的規範生產與運作，分析在不同的場域下，場域內的參與者如何對「同意權」進行法律製圖。本文主張，法律生產過程中對權利概念的意義內涵轉換、法律生產與運作場域的邏輯結構，皆影響原住民族權利的實踐。同時，本研究進一步以日月潭邵族的案例，說明原住民族土地權中「自由與事先知情同意原則」或「同意權」規範，理想上是以原住民族的「參與」並實現自決權為目標，但在邵族的案例中，實際運作卻是不斷「排除」原住民族的過程，法律成為排除原住民族權利的合理化機制，更避開各種議題對立面的討論。 權利的落空一方面指權利主張不被理解與正視，更進一步指原住民族社會愈遠離「集體」的過程，因而我們需對原住民族同意權或各種集體權的運作有更多的反省，並持續探詢屬於每個部落或族群中所謂「好生活」（good life）的意義。本文最後藉用「草根後現代主義」（grassroots post-modernism）之概念，介紹原住民族在追求「好生活」的道路上，如何藉著在地思考、找回與族群內部的連結，以此對抗全球化、新自由主義趨勢下對原住民族權利的影響與侷限。 / Though its enactment in 2005 can be regarded as an achievement of Indigenous movement in Taiwan, The Indigenous Peoples Basic Law does not work as it promises. The indigenous people are still struggling for the fulfillment of rights. With respect to land rights, Article 21 of the Law requires the participation and consent of local indigenous people before the development and utilization of the indigenous land. However, the article is often neglected by the government in many cases. This case study then focuses on Thao people （邵族）who live around Sun-Moon Lake （日月潭）and their opposition to a Hotel program located in Xiangshan（向山）, which is regarded as the traditional territory of Thao. By adopting the perspective of “Multi-Layered Mapping of Law”, I hope to analyze the enactment process and the effect of law concerning the principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent as well as land rights of indigenous people, and try to describe how the “right to consent” becomes a “hollow right” in practice. The study depicts the right as “hollow” for two meanings. On the one hand, it shows the situation for indigenous people facing the gap between the law’s promise and law’s practice in the complex process of law making and law enforcement. On the other hand, it further describes the more distance from collectiveness within indigenous society. The study suggests that more dialogue and more reflection is needed when claiming rights. The last part of the study then introduces the idea of “grassroots post-modernism” which discuss the way to “Good Life" and the way of resistance against globalization and neoliberalism. Although the issues need further discussion in future studies, the idea can be a guidance for indigenous people as they pursue the fulfillment of land rights, autonomy and self-determination.

This thesis relies on an interdisciplinary framework to conduct an investigation of seminal national policies and planning processes in New Zealand and Quebec Province, Canada related to sovereignty, indigenous land rights, and customary land tenure systems. Theoretical frameworks for this research include a comparative analysis of European legislative systems and traditional planning frameworks in relation to indigenous governance systems and land tenure systems for the Maori (NZ) and James Bay Cree (QC). Through interviews and experiential knowledge I will document tools and techniques that these indigenous communities use to navigate complex cross-cultural policy and planning processes for their own advocacy of cultural heritage values. From the Maori perspective, cultural heritage values include the concept and principles of kaitikatanga. James Bay Cree cultural heritage values include the concept and guiding principles embedded in Eeyou Iyihtiwin. These cultural heritage values represent abstract concepts and guiding principles that are embedded in and gain meaning from local context, cultural knowledge and customary traditions. The Maori and James Bay Cree share a similar orientation to the meaning and importance of land. Together these indigenous communities view land as the foundation for collective and individual identity and cultural traditions. From this perspective and meaning of land, the Maori and James Bay Cree recognize that people are a part of a greater interconnected system that spans across physical and metaphysical spaces. In practice, native or customary land tenure systems are based on cultural heritage values that support a spirit of reciprocity with an underlying expectation that a balanced system will provide for all life. This analysis may provide a new cross-cultural framework for policy and planning processes to provide opportunities for fair negotiation of sustainable land tenure systems and natural resource management.