Diploma thesis deals with an evaluation of indirect costs as a competitive factor in the construction industry. Notions like construction market, construction company, costs, their structuring and the way of their calculation, then competition, competitive advantage and competitiveness are theoretically defined in the first part of the thesis. The second part of the thesis deals with an evaluation of the questionnaire survey and the guided interviews. The questionnaire survey results and the results of guided interviews are compared and subsequently, recommendations are determined at the end of the thesis.

Master’s thesis deals with analysis of costs of the selected company. Theoretical part brings on fundamental that is later elaborated in the second part. The selected company is introduced and also the current economic situation is evaluated in the practical part. Later the costs are analyzed and important part of the thesis is dedicated to the project of utilization of the Activity-Based Costing method. Conclusion of the thesis evaluates the results of this method.

The Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) data set along with ECMWF reanalysis meteorological fields provided the basis for the single column model (SCM) simulations, performed as part of the PACE (Parameterization of the Aerosol Indirect Climatic Effect) project. Six different SCMs were used to simulate ACE-2 case studies of clean and polluted cloudy boundary layers, with the objective being to identify limitations of the aerosol/cloud/radiation interaction schemes within the range of uncertainty in in situ, reanalysis and satellite retrieved data. The exercise proceeds in three steps. First, SCMs are configured with the same fine vertical resolution as the ACE-2 in situ data base to evaluate the numerical schemes for prediction of aerosol activation, radiative transfer and precipitation formation. Second, the same test is performed at the coarser vertical resolution of GCMs to evaluate its impact on the performance of the parameterizations. Finally, SCMs are run for a 24–48 hr period to examine predictions of boundary layer clouds when initialized with large-scale meteorological fields. Several schemes were tested for the prediction of cloud droplet number concentration (N). Physically based activation schemes using vertical velocity show noticeable discrepancies compared to empirical schemes due to biases in the diagnosed cloud base vertical velocity. Prognostic schemes exhibit a larger variability than the diagnostic ones, due to a coupling between aerosol activation and drizzle scavenging in the calculation of N. When SCMs are initialized at a fine vertical resolution with locally observed vertical profiles of liquid water, predicted optical properties are comparable to observations. Predictions however degrade at coarser vertical resolution and are more sensitive to the mean liquid water path than to its spatial heterogeneity. Predicted precipitation fluxes are severely underestimated and improve when accounting for sub-grid liquid water variability. Results from the 24–48 hr runs suggest that most models have problems in simulating boundary layer cloud morphology, since the large-scale initialization fields do not accurately reproduce observed meteorological conditions. As a result, models significantly overestimate optical properties. Improved cloud morphologies were obtained for models with subgrid inversions and subgrid cloud thickness schemes. This may be a result of representing subgrid scale effects though we do not rule out the possibility that better large-forcing data may also improve cloud morphology predictions.

An enhanced approach for the impact analysis is presented. Impact analyses play an important role in future research analysis as part of the scenario techniques in the strategic management field. Nowadays, they are also applied for the description of mutual relationships of tangible and intangible resources in organisations. The new method is based on currently existing methods using a cross impact matrix and overcomes some of their drawbacks. Indirect impacts are considered together with their impact strengths. A modification of the impact matrix is not necessary. Simple examples show that the new method leads to more reasonable and stable results than the existing methods. The new method shall help analysing the complexity of social systems in a more reliable way.

Introduction: Indirect calorimetry (IC) is a very accurate and non-invasive method which is used in clinical practice to measure the resting metabolic rate. This method is based on the assumption that oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and nitrogen metabolite waste are in definite relation to energy consumption. Based on the measurement of resting metabolic rate, a nutritional therapist can individually determine daily energy intake of a respective individual, the optimal amount of specific nutrients and thus prevents excessive or inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. Objective: The main aim of this thesis is to compare for group of overweight patients the results of the measurement of the resting metabolic rate (RMR), values of the resting metabolic rate calculated according to the Harris-Benedict (HB) equation and the actual energy intake calculated from the diet report obtained from the patients. In addition, the body composition of the examined group with a focus on the amount of muscle tissue is also marginally evaluated. Methods: The research sample includes in total 50 persons-36 women and 14 men. These persons are patients of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague. The average age is 46 years for women and 51 years for men. The average BMI for women is 38,2 kg/m2 and for men...

Huntington's disease is a dominantly-inherited autosomal neurodegenerative disease manifested by disorders of motility, cognitive function, behaviour, and weight loss, which is conditioned multifactorially. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are eating disorders in Huntington's disease, as well as its etiology and severity. Neurological scaling, anthropometric examinations, evaluation of three-day diet records, measurements with a manual dynamometer, bioimpedance analyses, indirect colorimetry and predictions of energy expenditure were performed on 10 patients. Algorithms were applied for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and malnutrition. Unwanted weight loss was observed in all patients and 4 out of 10 showed malnutrition. No difference was found between the values of measured resting metabolism and calculated according to the predictive equation. However, it has been shown that strict nutritional recommendations based on this data can be misleading for some patients with HN, as real energy consumption can be significantly higher. All our patients had a positive energy balance. A new diagnostic algorithm for the early diagnosis of sarcopenia has proven its worth. Using bioimpedance analysis and examination of the force of the handshake, we identified possible sarcopenia and already-present...

Aims: The aim of this work was to determine whether a increased resting energy expenditure contributes to the nutritional risk for patients with pancreatic cancer. What the variability of resting energy expenditure is and whether it predicts weight loss. Another aim was to verify that lower protein-energy intake also has an impact on weight loss. Methods: Data for the diploma thesis were obtained from the project "Pancreatic Cancer: Metabolic Derangements Associated With Insulin Resistance", which takes place at the Department of Clinical Physiology of Metabolism at 2nd Department of internal medicine in the University Hospital Královské Vinohrady. The project includes 40 - 50 patients with pancreatic tumor resection per year. Data were collected from the beginning of December 2019 until the end of April 2020. The project is funded by the grant AZV NV19-01-00101. 10 consecutive patients (4 women and 6 men) with pancreatic cancer who had a complete dataset for analysis were selected for the research set for the diploma thesis. The patients underwent anthropometric examination, blood tests were taken, and indirect calorimetry was performed. Results: The first part of the research was focused on anthropometric parameters, parameters of nutritional status and the presence of cancer cachexia. The second...

This volume discusses the phenomenon of ethnicity in East Africa under German colonial rule, using five case studies: the Swahili, Nyamwezi, Maasai, Shambaa and Bondei. Besides offering a brief overview of the debate concerning ethnicity in Africa and of the history of German colonial rule in East Africa the study examines the role played by missions in the development of ethnic consciousness. It also compares German and British colonial rule in this field. / Dieser Band setzt sich mit dem Phänomen der Ethnizität in Ostafrika unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft auseinander, wobei fünf Fallstudien genutzt werden: die Swahili, Nyamwezi, Maasai, Shambaa und Bondei. Neben einem kurzen Überblick über die Debate bezüglich der Ethnizität in Afrika und der Geschichte der deutschen Kolonialherrschaft in Ostafrika, untersucht die Studie die Rolle der Missionen für die Entwicklung eines ethnischen Bewusstseins. Zu diesem Thema wird die deutsche Kolonialherrschaft auch mit der britischen verglichen.

When stormwater flows from hard surfaces in urban areas it contributes with pollutants to nearby watercourses. Also runoff from rural areas dominated by agriculture and forestry can contribute with nutrients and pollutants to watercourses. How maximum concentrations and annual loads of pollutants are transported yearly to lakes and seas is crucial information for an adequate management of our natural waters. Several metals, like lead, copper, cadmium and zinc are harmful to humans, animals and plants. Estimates of concentrations and transports of metals is today often based upon manually collected samples, flow proportional samples or modeling in programs calculated from standards. All of these methods contains a lot of uncertainties. The yearly transports in watercourses is calculated through linear interpolation between samples. Uncertainties in the calculated yearly transports tend to increase with lower sampling frequencies, since changes in metal concentration is often overlooked. This study is based on samples from Hågaån, a stream located in the proximity of Uppsala, Sweden. The stream has influences from both stormwater and runoff from agricultural lands. The purpose of the study was to investigate in what ways turbidity can be used as an indirect measurement of metals. The relationship between turbidity and different metals were analyzed through linear regression. The results shows that a high frequency measurements with a turbidity sensor can be used in several different ways depending on the strenght in the relationship between turbidity and metal. If the obtained relationship is strong, as is the case for lead, a turbidity sensor could be used as an indirect measurement in the watercourse. In those cases when the relationship does not have the same credibility, a turbidity sensor could instead be used to model the metal concentrations between samples. It might be possible to apply a relationship between turbidity and metals also for stormwater for some metals, but further studies are inquired. Since the quality and flow of stormwater are highly variant, high frequency measurements with a turbidity sensor could provide a more complete picture of how the concentrations of pollutants vary over time. The relationship between turbidity and metals is dependant of the metal content in particles, optical properties but also the concentration of dissolved metals, which vary between watercourses and over time. It is therefore necessary to measure turbidity and metal concentrations in the watercourse of interest under different hydrological conditions. The more complex the relatinship is, the more measurements are required. This limit the usage of sensors to monitor metals. / Dagvatten som rinner av från hårdgjorda ytor i bebyggda områden bidrar med föroreningar till närliggande vattendrag. Även naturlig avrinning från icke-hårdgjorda ytor, som odlingsmark och skogsmark, kan bidra med näringsämnen och föroreningar  till vattendrag. Hur höga halter som förekommer, samt vilka mängder av föroreningar som årligen transporteras ut i sjöar och hav är viktigt att veta för att kunna följa upp Sveriges miljömål Giftfri miljö och vattenförvaltningens krav på god status. Många metaller som exempelvis bly, koppar, kadmium och zink är skadliga för människor, djur och växter. Uppskattningar av totalhalter och metalltransporter görs idag ofta baserade på relativt glest uttagna stickprover, flödesproportionell provtagning eller modelleringar i dataprogram beräknade från schablonhalter.  Alla dessa metoder innehåller stora osäkerheter. Årstransporter i vattendrag beräknas genom linjär interpolering mellan uttagna stickprover. Osäkerheterna i de beräknade årstransporterna ökar vid lägre provtagningsfrekvens, eftersom det är lätt att förändringar i metallhalten förbises. Denna studie baseras på mätningar från Hågaån utanför Uppsala, ett vattendrag som är påverkat av  både dagvatten och avrinning från jordbruksmark. Syftet med studien var att undersöka på vilka sätt turbiditet kan användas för indirekt mätning av metaller. Samband mellan turbiditet och metaller undersöktes genom linjär regression. Resultatet från mätningarna i Hågaån visade att högfrekventa mätningar med en turbiditetssensor kan användas på flera sätt beroende på styrkan i sambandet mellan turbiditet och metall. Om sambandet som erhålls är starkt, vilket är fallet för bly, skulle en turbiditetssensor kunna användas som en indirekt mätning i vattendrag. I de fall då sambandet inte är lika starkt, kan en turbiditetssensor istället användas för att fylla i data mellan stickproverna vid transportberäkningar. Detta minskar behovet av tät provtagning vilket kan ge en kostnadsbesparing. Samband mellan turbiditet och metaller borde kunna upprättas och appliceras även på dagvatten för vissa metaller, men vidare studier med längre mätserier krävs. Eftersom dagvattnets kvalitet och flöde är så varierande skulle en turbiditetssensor kunna ge en bättre bild av hur föroreningshalterna varierar över tid för metaller som är bundna till partiklar. Det finns överlag stora utmaningar kopplade till att mäta i dagvatten och en sensor kan i vissa fall utgöra ett bra komplement till andra metoder. Sambandet mellan turbiditet och metallhalt beror av partiklarnas metallinnehåll, optiska egenskaper och även halten lösta metaller, vilket varierar mellan vattendrag och även över tid. Det är därför nödvändigt med mätningar av turbiditet och metallhalter i varje enskilt vattendrag och under olika hydrologiska förhållanden. Ju mer komplext sambandet är desto fler mätningar behövs. Det begränsar användningen av sensorer för att övervaka metaller.

PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC HAPLOTYPING IN GENETICALLY RISK FAMILIES Abstract of Irena Borgulova's PhD study Page 1/1 ABSTRACT Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is at the intersection of assisted reproduction and clinical genetics. PGD precedes prenatal diagnosis because consists in biopsy of a single embryonic cell and its examination excluding genetic risks before embryo transfer back to mother uterus. Methods within PGD can offer all spectrums of possible investigations of a single cell, whether focused on monogenic disorders, chromosomal aberration or abnormality of whole genome. Monogenic diseases in embryos can be detected by direct or indirect linkage analysis. Indirect linkage analysis has the advantage compared to direct analysis that it is able to indentify pertinent aberration of examined chromosome. Indirect linkage analysis is characterised by preimplantation genetic haplotyping (PGH) which is prime and important constituent of PGD cycle. PGH is based on family anamnesis for determination of pathologic/ high-risk (mutation-associated) haplotype and healthy/ low-risk (without mutation) haplotype by comparison with the haplotypes of other family members. PGD cycle requires in vitro fertilisation (IVF). IVF cycle includes hormonal stimulation, biopsy of oocytes and their fertilisation outside...