Orientador: Michael McDonald Hall / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / O exemplar do AEL pertence a Coleção CPDS / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chaves_MarceloAntonio_M.pdf: 6305404 bytes, checksum: e3f6fa0bc74689f8cb5eaf07e7e5c282 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A primeira grande fábrica de cimento do país, inaugurada em 1926, no bairro de Perus, em São Paulo, determina o recorte temático desta dissertação. As circunstâncias de sua instalação, a articulação com outros empreendimentos ¿ indústria de cal e transporte ferroviário -, a produção de uma mercadoria fundamental para a expansão urbana ¿ o cimento - e o singular processo de produção/trabalho da fábrica, introduzem a escrita. Entretanto, o enfoque privilegiado e articulador deste trabalho é a reflexão sobre os diversos aspectos da vida dos trabalhadores da fábrica e das pedreiras, onde o momento da produção e da reprodução da força de trabalho se confundem. Meu trabalho é fundamentado, principalmente, em fontes documentais primárias, destacando-se a exposição, cruzamento e análise de dados extraídos de 1500 fichas de trabalhadores. Assim, procuro identificar as condições de vida e de trabalho das primeiras gerações de trabalhadores da fábrica de cimento, entre os anos de 1925 e 1947: migração e imigração, nacionais e estrangeiros, negros e brancos, grau de instrução, salários, estabilidade no emprego, acidentes de trabalho, entre outros. Além de expor inúmeros dados empíricos que revelam mais detalhes daquele rico período da história do Brasil, nesta pesquisa, tem destaque também a conflituosa e ambígua trajetória de criação do primeiro sindicato dos trabalhadores, em 1933, buscando, através dela, problematizar e ilustrar a não menos ambígua e complexa história dos primeiros momentos de instalação do sindicalismo oficial no Brasil / Abstract: The first great cement factory of Brazil, inaugurated in 1926 in the neighbourhood of Perus, in São Paulo, determines the thematic focus of this dissertation. The circumstances of its construction, its articulation with other enterprises ¿ limestone industry and railroad transport -, the production of a basic element for the urban expansion - cement - and the singular production/work process of the factory open the writing. However, the main focus of this work is a reflection on the diverse aspects of the life of workers from the factory and from the quarries, where the moments of production and of reproduction of the work force blend in with one another. My work is based mainly in primary documentary sources, emphasizing the exposition, comparing and analysis of data extracted from 1500 worker¿s profile records. Thus, I try to identify the life and work conditions of the first generations of workers from the cement factory between the years of 1925 and 1947: migration and immigration; natives and foreigners; black and white; degree of instruction; wages; stability in the job; industrial accidents, among others. Besides displaying innumerable empirical data which disclose more details about that rich period of Brazil¿s history, this research also highlights the conflicting and ambiguous trajectory of the creation of the first workers trade union, in 1933, attempting through that to discuss and illustrate the not less ambiguous and complex history of the first moments of the institution of the official unionism in Brazil / Mestrado / Historia Social do Trabalho / Mestre em História Social do Trabalho

O presente trabalho versa sobre uma análise da responsabilidade civil decorrente dos acidentes de trabalho ocorridos dentro da empresa, e a defesa da responsabilidade objetiva do empregador nas atividades de risco. O número de acidentes do trabalho cresce a cada dia, despertando uma preocupação mundial a respeito do tema. Os acidentes de trabalho são conceituados em nosso sistema normativo na lei 8213/91 e agregam as doenças profissionais, os acidentes in itinere e alguns casos que a lei determina que sejam equiparados ao acidente do trabalho. A Constituição Federal Brasileira (art. 7°, XXVIII) prevê a responsabilidade do empregador frente aos acidentes, mas determina que esta tem que ser decorrente de dolo ou culpa do empregador. Com o advento do Código Civil, o nosso ordenamento jurídico passou a contar com a previsão da responsabilidade civil objetiva quando a atividade normalmente desenvolvida pelo agente provocador do dano implicar, por sua natureza, risco para os direitos de terceiro. Desta forma, defendemos a aplicação da responsabilidade objetiva do empregador frente às atividades de risco optando por uma interpretação sistemática do caput do dispositivo constitucional citado em conjunto com o art. 927, parágrafo único do Código Civil, objetivando uma maior proteção do acidentado. Com o avanço da doutrina alguns Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho já estão contemplando a responsabilidade objetiva do empregador. O Tribunal Superior do Trabalho ainda está resistente em adotar a teoria, mas esperamos que evolua neste sentido. / The present paper is an analysis on civil liability due to labor accidents occurred inside the company and the defense of employer´s objective civil liability on activities exposed to risk. The number of labor accidents increases everyday, arousing a global concern about this issue. Labor accidents are defined in our legal system by Law 8213/91 and include professional diseases, in itinere accidents and some other situations that law determines its equalization to labor accidents. Brazilian Federal Constitution (art. 7º, XXVIII) establishes employer´s liability toward accidents, but determines that it must be due to deceit or guilt of the employer. With the institution of the New Civil Code, Brazilian law system started to establish the objective civil liability when the activity done by the agent, responsible for the damage, causes, by its nature, risk to other people´s rights. Thus, we defend the employer´s objective liability toward to risky activities, considering a systematic interpretation of the caput of the constitutional article previously mentioned and article 927, paragraph, of Civil Code, aiming at a better protection of the victim of the accident. With the progress of the doctrine in some Labor Regional Courts, they are already regarding employer´s objective liability. Labor Supreme Court is still resistant in adopting this theory, but we look forward to an evolution about that.

The purpose of this project was to develop an employer handbook to assist them in developing a return to work program for industrially injured workers.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Technology: Environmental Health, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / Work related injuries are of major public importance and have adverse economic and social impacts. Forestry work is one of the most hazardous occupations worldwide and accounts for a large proportion of occupational injuries. Employers frequently train workers in the proper and safe use of equipment, however the efficacy of these programmes are seldom rigorously evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of health and safety training in reducing injuries among forestry workers in Kwa-Zulu Natal. A descriptive study was conducted among 300 Kwa-Zulu Natal harvesting contract workers. A questionnaire to assess the efficiency of health and safety training was administered. A retrospective review of the injury register and medical records of employees who sustained work related injuries, fatalities during 2009–2013 was done. The company injury data for harvesting contractors from 2009- 2013 reported 3 fatalities and 68 lost time injuries during post commencement of training. About 23.3% workers reported injuries during the study period. Slip, trip and fall injuries were the most reported cause of injuries. Almost 95% of respondents reported that they had received health and safety training at work, with 84% reporting satisfaction with the quality of training received. A decreased prevalence of work related injuries was reported post training. The health and safety program was successful in increasing workers awareness and responsibility of health and safety issues. On- going specific job training, sustained work place inspections and adult learning for supervisors will improve health and safety of workers and reduce injuries in the forestry industry. / M

The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that more than 2.3 million workers die yearly from work related accidents and diseases and this is probably an underestimation. Estimates indicate that occupational accidents are a serious problem in the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the nature and magnitude of health and safety challenges affecting workers in small-scale and informal woodworking enterprises and to develop guidelines for improvement. As a quantitative research, the exploratory-descriptive and contextual designs were used to conduct this research. Snowball sampling was used to collect data from all the 223 workers working in 88 small-scale and informal wood processing industries in Tiko, Mutengene, Buea, Ekona, and Muyuka areas from July 4th to 30th, 2016, using a structured interview and an inspection checklist. Data entry and cleaning was done using excel and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 for analyses. The findings revealed that a majority of the woodworkers were males, young and inexperienced, mainly trained through apprenticeship and worked for long hours. There was generally lack of knowledge and poor practices of occupational health and safety among respondents. The findings also showed a very high self-reported injury rate of 86.1% among woodworkers within the past 12 months which was significantly associated (P<0.05) with woodworkers’ age and practice of OHS. Major occupational injuries reported by the respondents include cut, sprain, backache, chronic joint, fracture of the upper and lower limbs and burns. The major sources of injuries included carelessness, insufficient use of PPE and fatigue caused by overworking. Further findings showed that most study sites did not comply with the Cameroon OHS Order No. 039/MTPS/IMT of 26 August 1984 as over half of the study’s workshops had narrow walkways with obstacle and were situated in dilapidated structures. Most workers were exposed to high vibration and noise, excessive heat and cold, hazardous chemicals and ergonomic hazards. The study thus recommends that effective measures be put in place to curb work-related injury rate by enhancing health and safety promotion programmes with emphasis on pre-employment OHS training for newly recruited workers, respect the 8 hours per day allocated for work, provide workers with suitable PPE, as well as other accompanying supplies such as appropriate fire extinguishers and first aids. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Text in English / The study, which considers that the construction industry is a high risk one due to the physical work demand and nature of the working environment, was conducted to develop practical guidelines for workers and employers that promote occupational health and safety (OHS) in the construction industry in Namibia. The study, conducted at 13 study sites in Windhoek, Namibia, used a quantitative descriptive study method to gather data regarding the OHS status of the construction industry. Data was collected from the 13 study sites using a site interviewer-led questionnaire for 549 construction workers. In addition, both a site inspection checklist and document review checklist were used to collect the data from ten construction sites. A review of documents concerning occupational accidents, diseases and injuries encountered at construction sites that were held by the Ministry of Labour, Industrial relations and Employment creation for the five-year period from April 2011 to March 2016 was carried out. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23. The study findings show that most of the workers at the study sites were young and male, with most participants lacking awareness of OHS issues, which may hinder accidents and injuries prevention. It also emerged that occupational hazards are prevalent at the study sites and yet there were poor mechanisms for hazard prevention or mitigation measures. The study notes that there was a high rate of occupational accidents and injuries, as well as a few incidences of health hazards, as indicated by few participants, although there was no documented occupational disease. It is also noted that most study sites do not comply with OHS legislations, such as having OHS policies that indicate the employer’s commitment towards OHS, which placed workers at risk of hazard exposure, occupational accidents, injuries and diseases. Practical guidelines to promote OHS in the construction industry of Windhoek, Namibia are developed as the primary output of this project. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Os acidentes e o adoecimento no trabalho têm sido objeto de grande atenção por parte de instituições públicas vinculadas à seguridade social, de pesquisadores nas universidades e de entidades de classe como os sindicatos. Sobretudo, em se tratando de setores de alta capacidade tecnológica, instalados em países de economia dependente, situações em que, geralmente, a extração de mais-valor atinge patamares extraordinários, como é o caso, por exemplo, da indústria automotiva. Seus métodos de organização do trabalho associados ao complexo padrão tecnológico estimulam o crescimento da economia e o desenvolvimento de outros setores, mas, será que o legado positivo da indústria automotiva se estende também na saúde dos trabalhadores brasileiros? O objetivo deste estudo é elaborar um panorama dos empregos, da produção e dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por adoecimentos e acidentes de trabalho no período temporal 2005-2013, especificamente nas montadoras de automóveis, comerciais leves, caminhões, ônibus, máquinas agrícolas e rodoviárias instaladas no Brasil. A implicações práticas advindas do estudo da saúde do trabalhador na engrenagem automotiva, contribuirão, de forma inédita, para a visualização do processo saúde-doença dessa classe trabalhadora. A pesquisa exploratória permitirá a aproximação da realidade e possibilitará a identificação de padrões ou hipóteses de expressão das manifestações da questão social. / Accidents and illness at work have been an issue of great importance to public institutions associated to social security, university researchers and professional associations as trade unions. Especially, when it comes to high-capability technological areas installed in economically-dependent countries where in situations like that, the extraction of value generally reaches extraordinary levels, such as, for instance, the automotive industry. Its methods of work organization associated with the complex technologic pattern stimulate the growth of economy and the development of others sectors, but will be the positive legacy of the automotive industry also extends health of Brazilian workers? The goal of this study is to develop a broader view of illnesses and work accidents in the Brazilian automotive industry, throughout the 2005-2013 time frame, having as guiding the information provided by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers – ANFAVEA and the National Institute of Social Security – INSS. The practical implications resulting from The worker’s health in the automotive industry cog, will contribute in a unique way, to visualize the health-disease process of this working class. Exploratory research will allow a closer reality and will enable the identification of patterns or hypotheses that comes from the expression of the manifestations of the social question.

Os acidentes e o adoecimento no trabalho têm sido objeto de grande atenção por parte de instituições públicas vinculadas à seguridade social, de pesquisadores nas universidades e de entidades de classe como os sindicatos. Sobretudo, em se tratando de setores de alta capacidade tecnológica, instalados em países de economia dependente, situações em que, geralmente, a extração de mais-valor atinge patamares extraordinários, como é o caso, por exemplo, da indústria automotiva. Seus métodos de organização do trabalho associados ao complexo padrão tecnológico estimulam o crescimento da economia e o desenvolvimento de outros setores, mas, será que o legado positivo da indústria automotiva se estende também na saúde dos trabalhadores brasileiros? O objetivo deste estudo é elaborar um panorama dos empregos, da produção e dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por adoecimentos e acidentes de trabalho no período temporal 2005-2013, especificamente nas montadoras de automóveis, comerciais leves, caminhões, ônibus, máquinas agrícolas e rodoviárias instaladas no Brasil. A implicações práticas advindas do estudo da saúde do trabalhador na engrenagem automotiva, contribuirão, de forma inédita, para a visualização do processo saúde-doença dessa classe trabalhadora. A pesquisa exploratória permitirá a aproximação da realidade e possibilitará a identificação de padrões ou hipóteses de expressão das manifestações da questão social. / Accidents and illness at work have been an issue of great importance to public institutions associated to social security, university researchers and professional associations as trade unions. Especially, when it comes to high-capability technological areas installed in economically-dependent countries where in situations like that, the extraction of value generally reaches extraordinary levels, such as, for instance, the automotive industry. Its methods of work organization associated with the complex technologic pattern stimulate the growth of economy and the development of others sectors, but will be the positive legacy of the automotive industry also extends health of Brazilian workers? The goal of this study is to develop a broader view of illnesses and work accidents in the Brazilian automotive industry, throughout the 2005-2013 time frame, having as guiding the information provided by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers – ANFAVEA and the National Institute of Social Security – INSS. The practical implications resulting from The worker’s health in the automotive industry cog, will contribute in a unique way, to visualize the health-disease process of this working class. Exploratory research will allow a closer reality and will enable the identification of patterns or hypotheses that comes from the expression of the manifestations of the social question.

Population Protection againts Impacts from Major Chemical Accident in recent years is an important area to address. This thesis focuses on the current situation and preventive security measures in protecting the population against the effects of serious chemical accidents. Specifically, it focuses on the Czech Republic and toxic industrial chemicals, explosive and flammable. A detailed analysis of the current situation in the Czech Republic with risk areas relating to chemical industry and hazardous chemicals was worked out. An analysis of the current status of population protection from the effects of serious chemical accidents is prepared. On the basis of the analysis measures are suggested to improve the current situation in accordance with legislation. The work was carried out research on their own knowledge of the population in this in pre-selected location.

Text in English / The purpose of this research was to investigate occupational health and safety challenges and their impact on health care workers (HCWs) in selected public hospitals from the Gauteng Province, South Africa. Method: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among HCWs in the study sites. A two-staged sampling that include purposive sampling of study sites and census sampling of 2000 HCWs was used. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data from HCWs. In addition, two different checklists were used to conduct retrospective records reviews to assess occupational health and safety (OHS) policy compliance and occupational injuries and diseases occurrence. The SAS Release 9.3 was used to analyse data. The Fischer Exact test and Chi-square were also used to determine the association of variables and P-value was set at <0.05 to indicate significant association. Results: A total of eight public hospitals and 926 (46.3%) HCWs who were all females nurses participated in this survey. Major occupational health hazards reported by the participants include: needle-stick injuries 275 (54.67%), slips trips and falls 67 (13.32%) and splashes 57 (11.33%). The analysis of open-ended responses indicated increased workloads, long hours of work and shift work as the most reported psychosocial hazards among HCWs. The reviewed records indicated that back injuries 22 (4.37%), tuberculosis (TB) 17 (3.38%) and asthmatic reactions 8 (1.59%) were the commonly reported occupational injuries and diseases among the HCWs. The records review also revealed a lack in the conducting of adequate medical surveillance among participants. The results showed poor compliance with the OHS policy and a negative impact of biological and psychosocial hazards on the HCWs. Conclusion: There was a high risk of exposures to biological hazards whilst providing care to patients, thus warranting the implementation of robust preventive measures. As a result, the guidelines were developed to promote the health and safety of HCWs with a view to promoting policy compliance and preventing the occurrence of occupational injuries and diseases as well as their impact among HCWs. / Health Studies / D.Litt et Phil. (Health Studies)