Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-18Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:21:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000791510.pdf: 1007722 bytes, checksum: 35de05c30fb9f0918eebd0b6011c60af (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A ciclomaltodextrina glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) é uma enzima capaz de formar ciclodextrinas a partir do amido. As ciclodextrinas são oligossacarídeos cíclicos, os quais os principais tipos são α-, β- e γ-CD, que apresentam 6, 7 e 8 unidades de glicose interligadas por ligações α-1,4. Duas bactérias alcalofílicas Bacillus sp subgrupo alcalophilus E16 e Paenibacillus campinasensis H69-3 foram estudadas por apresentarem boa produção de CGTase, ambas foram isoladas de amostras de solo. A atividade enzimática foi estudada utilizando os métodos já pré-determinados em estudos anteriores, como dextrinizante, CD-fenolftaleína e determinação de proteína. Para alcançar a purificação foram utilizados os processos de ultrafiltração e purificação por gel filtração em resina Sephadex G-75. A partir desses processos obteve-se resultados significativos, para o extrato purificado produzido por Bacillus sp subgrupo alcalophilus E16, obteve-se um fator de purificação de 35,4 vezes, um rendimento de 34.1 % e atividade específica de 13.10 U/mg, enquanto o extrato purificado de Paenibacillus campinasensis H69-3 resultou em um fator de purificação de 94.5 vezes, um rendimento de 33.2 % e a atividade específica de 23.64 U/mg. Foram feitos ensaios quanto a produção de ciclodextrinas utilizando o extrato bruto concentrado da CGTase por ultrafiltração produzida por Paenibacillus campinasensis H69-3, no perfil de hidrólise de diferentes amidos a 1.0%, a enzima atuou convertendo o amido em β-CD de melhor forma nos amidos de arroz e de mandioca, enquanto que na concentração de 2.5 % a melhor conversão se deu nos amidos de milho e mandioca. Quanto à dextrinização dos amidos, as concentrações de 1.0 % e 2.5 % apresentaram o mesmo perfil de hidrólise, sendo os amidos de mandioca, solúvel e batata apresentaram melhor conversão, quando comparadas aos amidos de arroz e milho. A dextrinização do amido foi mais efetiva na ... / The cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase ( EC 2.4.1.19 ) is an enzyme able to form cyclodextrin from starch . Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides , which are the main types α - , β - and γ - CD which have 6, 7 and 8 glucose units connected by α - 1, 4 bonds. Two bacterial alkalophilic Bacillus sp subgroup alcalophilus E16 and Paenibacillus campinasensis H69 -3 was studied due to their good CGTase production, both of which were isolated from soil samples. The enzymatic activity was studied using the methods already pre-determined in previous studies, as dextrinizante, CD-phenolphthalein and protein determination. To achieve the purification and ultrafiltration processes were used for purification gel filtration resin Sephadex G-75. From these processes significant results were obtained for the purified extract produced by Bacillus sp subgroup alcalophilus E16 gave a purification factor of 35.4 times, a yield of 34.1% and a specific activity of 13.10 U / mg , while the purified extract of Paenibacillus campinasensis H69-3 resulted in a purification factor of 94.5 times , a yield of 33.2 % and specific activity of 23.64 U / mg . Tests were made for the production of cyclodextrins using concentrated crude extract by ultrafiltration CGTase produced by Paenibacillus campinasensis H69 3, hydrolysis of starches from different profile than 1.0 % , the enzyme acted converting starch into β- CD best in rice starch and tapioca , whereas a concentration of 2.5 % and better conversion is given cassava and corn starch . As for dextrinizing the starch, the concentrations of 1.0% and 2.5% showed the same profile hydrolysis , and cassava starches , potato and soluble showed better conversion, when compared to starches of rice and corn. Dextrinisation of starch was more effective at 1.0% concentration , because practically all starch was hydrolyzed at a concentration of 2.5% was slower hydrolysis , for 24 hours, the starches in the study were ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aquino_aj_me_sjrp.pdf: 897376 bytes, checksum: cac9e7f44bb7faf0c3de830139264346 (MD5) / A aceitação de bebidas destiladas deriva principalmente de pequenas concentrações de numerosos compostos flavorizantes incluindo alcoóis superiores (óleo fúsel), ésteres, aldeídos, acetais, ácidos, cetonas, lactonas, fenóis voláteis, monoterpenos e norisoprenóides. Dentro deste contexto, para a melhora da qualidade da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar faz-se necessário pesquisas em aplicações tecnológicas e biotecnológicas que visem acentuar o sabor e o aroma, além do desenvolvimento de metodologias de analítica. Assim, neste trabalho foi analisado 21 variedades de cana-de-açúcar, sendo que na variedade SP813250 foi encontrado alta concentração do aldeído 2,6-decadienal, composto de aroma desagradável na produção de bebidas destiladas, e as variedades RB855536, RB987935 e RB975952 produziu grande diversidade e quantidade de voláteis favoráveis ao aroma de bebidas alcóolicas o que leva a inferir que estas variedades possam ser melhor indicadas para a produção de aguardente de cana e além disto, foi possível constatar que maior quantidade de voláteis foram obtidos na casca e nos nódulos da planta. Após a etapa de seleção variáveis para catálise enzimática foram indicadas pelo delineamento fatorial fracionado as seguintes condições: (i) o extrato do fungo Thermoascus aurantiacus, (ii) aplicação pós-fermentação alcoólica, (iii) Brix 16°, (iv) agitação de 200 rpm. Para a fase de otimização foram variados a concentração de extrato enzimático e tempo de aplicação assim, verificou-se aumento da concentração de terpenóides e norisoprenóides como limoneno, terpineol, isoeugenol, 4-alildimetoxibenzeno, α-ionona e linalol em função do tempo de hidrólise e da concentração de β-glicosidase. Nerolidol, 2,6,10,10-tetrametil-1-oxa-espiro-(4,5)-dec-6-eno e β-damascenona tiveram aumento... / The acceptance of liquor derives primarily numerous small concentrations of flavor compounds including higher alcohols (fuel oil), esters, aldehydes, acetals, acids, ketones, lactones, phenols volatile monoterpenes and norisoprenóides. Within this context, to improve the quality of sugar cane-sugar is necessary technological research and biotechnological applications aimed accentuate the flavor and aroma, and the development of analytical methodologies. Thus, this study was analyzed 21 varieties of cane sugar, and the variety SP813250 found high concentration of aldehyde 2,6-decadienal, unpleasant aroma compound in the production of distilled spirits, and the varieties RB855536, RB987935 and RB975952 produced great diversity and quantity of volatile friendly aroma of alcohol which leads to the inference that these varieties may be better suited for the production of sugar cane and in addition, it was found that greater amounts of volatiles were obtained from the bark and nodules of the plant. After the selection stage variables for enzymatic catalysis are indicated by fractional factorial design with the following conditions: (i) the extract of the fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus, (ii) applying post-alcoholic fermentation, (iii) 16° Brix, (iv) stirring 200 rpm. For the optimization phase were varied concentration of enzyme extract and application time thus found to increase the concentration of norisoprenóides as limonene and terpenoid, terpineol, isoeugenol, 4-alildimetoxibenzeno, α-ionone and linalool as a function of hydrolysis time and the concentration of β-glucosidase. Nerolidol, 2,6,10,10-tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro-(4,5)-dec-6-ene and β-damascenone concentration had increased proportionately enzymatic activity leading... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Heloiza Ferreira Alves do Prado / Banca: João Cláudio Thoméo / Banca: Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato / Resumo: Em conjunto com outras enzimas que degradam amido, as α-amilases e CGTases são incluídas na família 13 glicosilhidrolases caracterizada por uma conformação (α/β)8-barril. As amilases são grupo importante de enzimas industriais, representando cerca de 25% do mercado mundial de enzima.. Foram isoladas linhagens bacterianas de áreas do Cerrado que apresentaram alta produção de amilases em estudos anteriores. Devido ao interesse em ampliar os conhecimentos de α-amilases e CGTase com potencial de aplicação industrial, no presente trabalho, propôs-se realizar estudos de análises físico-químicas e do efeito da fonte de carbono, na produção de α-amilase das linhagens microbianas A-1.2 e A-18 e de CGTase produzida por Paenibacillus campinasensis H69-3 utilizando na fermentação submersa os amidos solúvel, trigo, milho, batata e mandioca; farelo de trigo e mandioca; Maizena e Arrozina como diferentes fontes de carbono alternativas Além disso, propôs-se aperfeiçoar os estudos de produção de amilases pela linhagem microbiana A-1.2 por meio da otimização dos constituintes nutricionais do meio de cultivo em que cada um dos ensaios do planejamento fatorial foi executado em triplicata e dessa forma, consideraram-se as médias dos resultados obtidos dessas repetições. Iniciar estudos de biologia molecular com a CGTase produzida por P. campinasensis H69-3 buscando estratégias para a clonagem e expressão da CGTase em hospedeiro heterólogo (Escherichia coli). As linhagens A-1.2 e A-18 tiveram as fontes de carbono amido solúvel, amido de mandioca, amido de milho e farelo de mandioca como os substratos que maximizaram a produção da enzima por ambas as linhagens, e o tempo de fermentação com maiores atividades foi entre 72 e 96 horas. O perfil de produção ao longo do tempo da CGTase de P. campinasensis H69-3 indicou o amido solúvel, amido de mandioca e a Maizena como as fontes de carbono que propiciaram as mais altas... / Abstract: Together with other enzymes that degrade starch, α-amylases and CGTases are included in the family 13 glycosylhydrolases, characterized by a conformation (α/β)8-barrel. Amylases are an important group of industrial enzymes, accounting for approximately 25% of the world enzyme market. Bacterial strains from the Cerrado areas, which have shown a high production of amylase in the previous studies, have been isolated. Due to the interest in expanding the knowledge of α-amylase and CGTase with potential for industrial application, the present work proposes to conduct studies of physical and chemical analysis and the effect of carbon source on the production of α-amylase of A-1.2 and A-18 microbial strains, as well as CGTase produced by Paenibacillus campinasensis H69-3 in submerged fermentation using the soluble starch, wheat, corn, potato and cassava; wheat bran and cassava; Maizena and Arrozina like various alternative sources of carbon. Furthermore, it proposes enhancing the amylase study of the microbial strain A-1.2 by optimizing the nutritional components of the culture medium in which each of the factorial design experiments has been carried out in triplicate, and thus considering the average results of these repetitions. To initiate molecular biology studies with CGTase produced by P. campinasensis H69-3 searching strategies for the cloning and expression of the CGTase in a heterologous harbourer (E. coli). The A-1.2 and A-18 strains were the carbon sources of soluble, cassava and corn starch, and cassava bran as the substrate that maximized the enzyme production by both strains. And the fermentation time with higher levels of activity was between 72 and 96 hours. The production profile over the CGTase P. campinasensis H69-3 time has indicated the soluble and cassava starch and Maizena as carbon source that provided the highest enzymatic activities. The 72 hours period of time has been more appropriate in enzymatic tests, ... / Mestre

Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology. / Pulsed Ultrasound Velocimetry combined with Pressure Difference (PUV+PD) measurement is a non-invasive in-line rheometric technique which is used to analyse the complex flow properties of industrial fluids for quality control purposes. Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) and Technical Research Institute of Sweden (SP) have developed and patented a new PUV+PD based system, called Flow-Viz™. Despite this advancement, the system and ultrasound sensor technology have not been fully tested and evaluated in a wide range of industrial fluids. Acoustic characterisation tests were carried out at SP, with the aim of understanding the ultrasound beam properties after propagating through industrial stainless steel (316L) pipe walls. For these tests, a high-precision robotic XYZ-scanner and needle hydrophone setup were used. Different ultrasound sensor configurations were mounted to a stainless steel pipe while using different coupling media between the transducer-to-wedge and sensor wedge-to-pipe boundaries. The ultrasound beam propagation after the wall interface was measured by navigating the needle hydrophone within a predefined 2-dimensional spatial grid. The most suitable coupling material was determined from the acoustic characterisation, and then used in the in-line rheological characterisation tests to evaluate the performance of the Flow-VizTM rheometric unit against conventional tube viscometry. The in-line rheological tests were conducted with bentonite, kaolin and Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) model fluids. The flow loop used consisted of three different pipe test sections; and two concentrations of each fluid were tested in order to ascertain the consistency of the measurements. The in-line rheological tests showed good agreement (±15%) between the two techniques and Flow-VizTM was able to provide important data at very low shear rates. Acoustic characterisation indicated that variations in the beam properties were highly dependent on the acoustic couplants used to mount the sensors to the stainless steel pipes. Furthermore, the in-line results showed the effectiveness of Flow-VizTM as an industrial rheometer. The non-invasive ultrasound sensor technology, was for the first time acoustically characterised through stainless steel. This information will now be used to further optimise the unique technology for advanced industrial applications, e.g. oil drilling fields, complex cement grout and food processing applications.

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Coal fly ash waste produced from the coal combustion process is becoming an ever increasing concern. It is produced in such abundance due to not only South Africa, but the whole of the world relying mainly on coal combustion for the main source of energy production. With the growing rate of the human population this energy production is ever increasing. The current methods of disposal of this fly ash is not sustainable, it is being dumped in ash dumps, and poses a risk to the surrounding environment and human population. Therefore, processes need to be developed to take this waste and turn it into useful materials. This would not only solve the problem of its disposal but also create useful products that can be applied to further protect the environment. It was discovered that one of the useful materials that can be synthesised from fly ash are zeolites. These nano-porous structures have a wide variety of uses. Therefore, many studies have been conducted around optimising the synthesis of various zeolites from coal fly ash. More recently these studies have focused on the scale-up conditions needed to synthesise these zeolites on the large industrial scale, regarding the sheer volume of fly ash produced annually. The most robust and widely used technique for zeolite synthesis involves a pre-synthesis fusion of the fly ash with sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 550 0C. This would not be feasible to scale-up to industrial scale because of the energy intensity. Therefore, alternative pre-synthesis techniques have been proposed. One of those techniques involves using a sonochemical treatment as a pre-synthesis. It can be argued that this technique may not be able to be easily scaled. To solve this problem, another alternative technique was investigated within this study. It involves the use of a jet loop pilot plant mixing system, which can be scaled-up very readily to industrial scale.

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Water scarcity in South Africa (SA) and more specifically Cape Town, Western Cape, has escalated to disaster levels in 2018. Agriculture and irrigation account for 62% of SA’s accessible potable water (Thopil & Pouris, 2016), and although the agriculture sector plays a pivotal role in SA’s socio-economic development, the future of the sector is dependent on critical issues such as climate variability and population growth (Besada & Werner, 2015). Wine production in SA is an important agricultural activity, contributing great economic value to the agri-food sector. However, despite this, the wine industry is responsible for vast water consumption and the unsafe disposal of winery wastewater, which are critical issues from an environmental and economic standpoint. The ever-imminent crisis pertaining to the limited supply of fresh water from conventional water resources has necessitated the need to develop alternative water resources to supplement an increased water supply, which include the reuse of wastewater, ground water, brackish water (BW) and seawater (SW) desalination. When fresh water supplies are limited, agricultural irrigation is penalised. The reuse of agricultural wastewater as a substitution for potable water irrigation may prove beneficial in areas where water shortages are severe. Forward osmosis (FO) is a developing desalination technology that has received increased attention as a promising lower-energy desalination technology. FO technology relies on the natural osmotic process, driven by a concentration gradient as opposed to significant hydraulic pressures like reverse osmosis (RO). Water is extracted from a lower concentrated feed solution (FS) to a highly concentrated draw solution (DS). The term “lower energy” is only applicable for applications where the recovery of the DS is not required. FO technology offers several advantages. However, the lack of suitable membrane modules and DSs hinder its practical application. FO offers novelty applications in which specialised DSs are selected to serve as the final product water, most notably concentrated fertilisers for direct fertigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and compatibility of commercially available cellulose triacetate (CTA) and aquaporin biomimetic FO membranes with commonly used fertilisers for direct fertigation within the SA wine industry, using a fertiliser drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) system.

Orientador: Eleni Gomes / Coorientador: Fábio Márcio Squina / Banca: Roberto da Silva / Banca: Henrique Ferreira / Banca: Leandro Cristante de Oliveira / Banca: André Ricardo de Lima Damásio / Resumo: A conversão enzimática dos polissacarídeos da biomassa é um fator chave no desenvolvimento de bioetanol de segunda geração. A recalcitrância da lignocelulose para a degradação enzimática e o custo elevado de enzimas hidrolíticas necessárias para a despolimerização de polissacarídeos encontrados na parede celular da planta são barreiras significativas para a produção em larga escala e para a comercialização de biocombustíveis e bioprodutos derivados da biomassa vegetal. A fim de aumentar rapidamente a produção de biocombustíveis celulósicos e bioprodutos, existe a necessidade de desenvolver coquetéis enzimáticos mais eficientes e de menor custo para a conversão de biomassa em açúcares fermentáveis. Nesse contexto, o estudo de enzimas degradadoras da parede celular é essencial. No presente trabalho a enzima endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase de Aspergillus terreus (ATEG_09894) foi clonada para expressão em A. nidulans. O teste de expressão mostrou a expressão solúvel da proteína. Sua identidade foi confirmada por espectrometria de massas. O pH ótimo e a temperatura ótima para sua atividade enzimática foram de 5,0 e 55ºC, respectivamente. A desnaturação térmica mostrou que a partir de 60ºC a enzima começa a perder estrutura. Interessantemente a enzima apresenta atividades β-glucanase e xiloglucanase, tendo preferência por β-glucano. A caracterização estrutural mostrou que ATEG_09894 foi expressa corretamente e os resultados de SEC e SAXS mostram que a proteína é monomérica em solução e o modelo de sua estrutura tridimensional indica que a superfície eletrostática da molécula contribui para um monômero estável. Os dados apresentados nesse trabalho são importantes pois identificam peculiaridades da enzima ATEG_09894, que atua na degradação da biomassa, sugerem os determinantes de sua seletividade enzimática e apresenta a degradação, não usual, de β-glucanos... / Abstract: The enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides from biomass is a key factor in the development of second generation bioethanol. The recalcitrance of lignocellulose to enzymatic degradation and the high cost of hydrolytic enzymes necessary for the depolymerization of polysaccharides found in plant cell wall are significant barriers to large-scale production and commercialization of biofuels and bioproducts derived from plant biomass. In order to rapidly increase the production of biofuel and byproducts cellulosic, a need exists to develop more efficient and lower cost enzymatic cocktails for the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars. In this context, the study of cell wall degrading enzymes is essential. In this work the enzyme endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase from Aspergillus terreus (ATEG_09894) was cloned for expression in A. nidulans. The expression test showed the expression of a soluble protein. Its identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The optimum pH and optimum temperature for the enzyme activity were 5.0 and 55 ºC, respectively. The thermal denaturation showed that above 60 ºC the enzyme starts to lose structure. Interestingly, the enzyme has β-glucanase and xiloglucanase activities, preferring β-glucan. Structural characterization showed that ATEG_09894 was expressed correctly folded and the results of SEC and SAXS show that the protein is monomeric in solution and the model of its three dimensional structure indicates that the electrostatic surface molecule contributes to a stable monomer. The data presented in this study are important because they identify peculiarities of ATEG_09894, which acts in the degradation of biomass, suggest the determinants of its selectivity and enzymatic degradation presents, unusual, of β-glucans and xyloglucans, promising feature for degradation of lignocellulosic material / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sereghetti_gc_me_botfca.pdf: 340130 bytes, checksum: 3cc21ec1b6c9455fb07d63e92d46dec1 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A utilização da biomassa como insumo energético é uma tendência mundial. No Brasil, dentre as espécies florestais utilizadas, o eucalipto pode ser considerado a mais promissora em decorrência de uma silvicultura avançada e eficiente. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial em diferentes espaçamentos de plantio de um clone de eucalipto. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Sarapuí, estado de São Paulo, utilizando o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, contendo três blocos, com nove tratamentos quanto ao espaçamento de plantio, variando a área útil de cada planta entre 2,0 e 8,0 m². A área das parcelas era de 72 m², determinando a quantia de 9 a 36 plantas por parcela, além de uma bordadura dupla. Aos doze meses foram realizadas medições do diâmetro de colo e altura total de todas as plantas de cada parcela para determinação do volume, e foram derrubadas 1 árvore por parcela para cubagem rigorosa e coleta dos discos de madeiras à 0%, 12,5%, 37,5% e 62,5%, a fim de se determinar a densidade básica e porcentagem de casca. Aplicando-se ANOVA para as variáveis volume, densidade básica da madeira, densidade básica da casca e porcentagem de casca, obteve-se diferença significativa ao nível de 5% de significância apenas para as variáveis volume e porcentagem de casca. Com relação ao volume, os menores espaçamentos apresentaram maiores volumes por hectare. Para a variável porcentagem de casca houve certa correlação com a densidade básica da madeira. O tratamento 2x1 apresentou o maior volume por ha / The use of biomass as energy input is a worldwide trend. In Brazil, among the forest species, eucalyptus can be considered the most promising due to an advanced and efficient forestry. This study aimed to evaluate the initial development in different planting spacings of a Eucalyptus clone. The experiment was conducted in the city of Sarapuí in São Paulo state, using a randomized complete block design containing three blocks with nine treatments for planting space, varying the floor area of each plant between 2.0 and 8.0 m². The area of plots was 72 m², determining the amount of 9-36 plants per plot, plus a double border. At twelve months have been carried out measurements of stem diameter and total height of all plants in each plot to determine the volume, and were cut down one tree per plot for cubing and collection of disks of wood at 0%, 12.5%, 37.5% and 62.5% in order to determine the basic density and percentage of bark. Applying ANOVA for the variables volume, basic wood density, basic density of bark and bark percentage, obtained a significant difference at 5% significance level only for the variables volume and percentage of bark. With respect to volume, the smallest spacings had higher volumes per hectare. For the variable percentage of bark there was some correlation with basic density. Treatment 2x1 showed the largest amount per ha

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gamba_vs_me_botfca.pdf: 1537791 bytes, checksum: 2ea3b06ebec11599e98da12876df17f9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As áreas plantadas com florestas de espécies do gênero Eucalyptus estão em franca ascendência no Brasil, o que resulta na necessidade de grande quantidade de insumos para manter os elevados índices produtivos. Devido à elevação dos preços de alguns produtos agrícolas, a utilização de recursos alternativos para fornecer aporte à produção florestal no país é de grande interesse do setor. Como exemplos citam-se os Estados Unidos, Holanda e outros países que utilizam resíduos orgânicos industriais e urbanos para o fornecimento de nutrientes à agricultura e silvicultura. Uma alternativa em potencial para o Brasil são os resíduos gerados por indústrias de curtimento de peles, visto que o país é um dos maiores produtores de couros do mundo e gera grandes quantidades de resíduos. Com isso, é dado um destino economicamente e ambientalmente mais correto aos resíduos, além de gerar economia de insumos no setor florestal. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o desenvolvimento de um híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla com Eucalyptus grandis submetidos às diferentes doses de lodo compostado e lodo de caleiro, ambos provenientes da indústria de curtimento de couro. Para isso foi realizado um experimento em vasos dentro de uma estufa plástica no Departamento de Recursos Naturais – Ciências Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, e foram avaliados o diâmetro e altura das plantas, massa seca de raiz, caule e folhas, teor de clorofila, além do teor de nutrientes no solo e nas folhas. A utilização de doses crescentes de ambos os resíduos resultou na melhoria dos parâmetros biométricos das características físico químicas do solo, no fornecimento de nutrientes ao solo e maior acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas. As doses de 20 e 30 Mg ha-1 do resíduo de caleiro foram as que proporcionaram melhores condições às plantas e ao solo / The area of Eucalyptus forest used for commercial purposes is rising in Brazil, resultings in the use of large amounts of inputs to mainten higher productivity. Due to rising fertilizer prices, the use of alternatives resources is important to provide options for forest farmers and to reduce costs. The United States, Netherlands and other countries have used industrial and urban wastes in agriculture and forestry as a supply of nutrients. In Brazil, the wastes of tannery industry are a potential alternative. The country is one of the biggest tanner producers in the world, and this sector generates large quantites of waste. Forest fertilization is both an economically and environmentally superior use of this waste, and it lowers the costs of forest production. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the development of a Eucalyptus hybrid (E. Grandis x E. Urophylla) with the use of tannery wastes to provide nutrients. The experiment was carried out in vases inside the greenhouse of the Department of Natural Resources – Environmental Sciences in the College of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu, Brazil. The parameters checked ware height and diameter of plants; dry mass of roots, stem and leafs; and chlorophyll content and nutrient content of the soil and leaves. The use of increasing doses of both residues resulted in the rise of biometric parameters, improved soil physicochemical characteristics, the supply of nutrients to soil and nutrient content in leaves. Thetreatments of 20 and 30 Mg ha-1 of liming residue resulted in the best conditions for plants growth and soil fertility

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 henriques_ep_me_botfca.pdf: 879096 bytes, checksum: 1292d3ec542f21985711097726227d85 (MD5) / Em melhoramento genético florestal, ensaios de campo baseados em progênies de polinização aberta são muito utilizados. Tais ensaios constituem importante estratégia na seleção de plantas e contribuem para o progresso do melhoramento no Brasil. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa, objetiva formar um pomar de hibridação de Eucalyptus urophylla, para subsidiar a introgressão de genes de interesse na qualidade da madeira. Para isto, foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos em um teste de progênies de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake, nas idades de um, dois, três, cinco, e sete anos. Avaliaram-se quatro caracteres de interesse no melhoramento florestal: altura (m), diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) (cm), volume individual das arvores (m³) e densidade aparente do lenho das árvores por densitometria de raios X (g cm-3). O delineamento experimental do teste, foi o de blocos casualizados com 77 tratamentos, seis repetições e seis plantas por parcela linear. O teste da razão de verossimilhança (LRT), revelou diferenças altamente significativas em nível de 1% de probabilidade (p<0,01) entre os caracteres avaliados, exceto para DAP a um ano, que foi significativa em nível de 5% de probabilidade (p<0,05) e não significativa, para densidade aparente, também a um ano. Os coeficientes de variação experimental (CVe), foram da ordem de 5% a 8% para altura e DAP, 12% a 13% para densidade aparente do lenho e 15% a 19% para volume. A herdabilidade média de progênies ( 2mhˆ ) foi superior a 0,83 para altura, 0,67 para DAP, 0,72 para volume e entre 0,65 e 0,84 para densidade aparente. A seleção, para volume aos sete anos de idade, entre tratamentos e dentro de parcelas, pelo indice multi efeito (IME), possibilitou a obtenção de 39 progênies para formação de: (i) um pomar de hibridação, com somente... / In forest genetic improvement, field trials based on pollinated progenies are widely used. These tests are an important strategy in the selection of plants and contribute to the progress of genetic improvement in Brazil. This research aims to create a hybridization orchard of Eucalyptus urophylla to support the introgression of genes that influence timber quality. For this, the genetic parameters in a progeny test of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake were estimated at the ages of one, two, three, five and seven years. Four forest genetic improvement traits were assessed: Height (m), Diameter at breast height (DBH) (cm), volume (m³) and wood density through X-ray densitometry (g cm-3). The trial was set out in randomized blocks (77 treatments, six repetitions and six plants per linear plot). The LRT test revealed significant differences at (p<0.01) level, between the evaluated characteristics, except for DBH at one year (p<0.05) and was not significant for wood density; the magnitude of the experimental variation coefficients (CVe) were in the order of 5 to 8% for height and DBH, and 15 to 19% for volume. The average heritability of the progenies ( 2 m h ˆ ) was greater than 0.83 for height, 0.67 and 0.72, for DBH and volume, respectively and between 0.65 and 0.84 for density. The selection based on Multi-Effect Index (MEI) within treatments and plots allowed to obtain 39 progenies to form: (i) a hybridization orchard, with one tree per progeny and a Genetic Gain (Gs) of 35.34%; (ii) recombination... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)