The aim of this research is to analyze the key role that knowledge, Social Capabilities and innovations play in the transfer and diffusion of tacit knowledge in an industrial district and how this creates new knowledge and innovation. The study is also focused on a measure of Social Capabilities within a district using a composite indicator and we investigate the effective role of these inputs in stimulating innovative activity in an industrial district performance. The analysis, measuring Social Capabilities, requires data collection using a questionnaire designed to obtain information which permit the development of qualitative and quantitative indicators. In contrast with the neoclassical production function, where economic growth depends only on traditional resources such as capital, labour and technology, which is an exogenous datum, in the cognitive approach we must consider the residual variables of Social Capabilities and knowledge. These, in fact, represent the key variables to understand the recent structural changes and competitiveness of an industrial district. In this work, the peculiarity of knowledge rests on Social Capabilities or social abilities to increase the process of the accumulation of knowledge and of the network broadening. The former depends on the degree of cumulativeness, and appropriability, represented by the capacity of new knowledge to generate further new knowledge and innovation. The greater is the degree of appropriability of knowledge and in particular of tacit knowledge, the smaller becomes the capacity for its diffusion in a district and its growth. A higher level of knowledge and Social Capabilities corresponds to a higher degree of innovation. The diffusion of the network depends on the degree of cooperation and on the positive externalities of an industrial district. In the theoretical part, the discussion focuses on the concept of knowledge and of Social Capabilities, on the different typologies of knowledge, its creation and diffusion in firm networks utilizing Nonaka and Takeuchi’s model, on the nature and definition of Social Capabilities in the industrial district and on the relationship among these and innovation. The empirical aspect is based upon original results of surveys carried out on a sample of entrepreneurs in Southern Italy specializing in a special industrial district composed of wedding dresses and baby dresses utilizing a multi-method approach. To highlight the relationship existing between innovation and Social Capabilities, we chose our sample within three categories, classical, innovative and traditional/fashion utilizing the academic classification. We measure Social Capabilities, we describe the Social Capabilities diffusion in the case study and finally we present our empirical analysis estimating an innovation equation.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

在主要的文獻中皆認為工業地域能帶來外部經濟，諸如: 廠商在工業地域中能受益於外部知識以及依賴外部知識的資源、仰賴外部知識的關係，而成為廠商創新的動能。 據此，我們以生物科技產業作為觀察對象，觀察工業地域廠商研發績效的研究。首先，將台灣劃分為北、中、南三個主要之工業地域，其次以「工業地域」、「產業群聚」、「地理鄰近性」以及「研發網絡」等四項外部性因素觀察在此區域下廠商之研發績效，第三，我們同時分析影響生物科技產業研發績效的內部因素，包括「研發部門」、「員工人數」、「研發人數」以及「研發支出」。 研究結果顯示，地理鄰近性有利於知識的分享，交互作用在廠商的學習與創新。而我們也發現，產業群聚對生物科技產業之研發績效是很重要的影響因素。除此之外，一般研究所實證的「員工人數」以及「研發人數」對廠商之研發績效有影響，在本研究也得到了一致性的證實，由此顯示豐沛的知識是生物科技產業的核心。最後，我們驗證低研發支出對生物科技產業的研發績效呈現負相關，以及生物科技產業之研發績效在劃分的三個工業地域表現中，無顯著之差異。 關鍵字：工業地域、研發績效 / The body literature tends to assume that industrial district can increase external economies. For example, all the competitiveness firms in a industrial district can get the benefit from external knowledge. Depending on exteral sources of knowledge and relationships will be the energy of innovation. Accordingly, our research examines the effect of industrial district on the R&D performance of biotechnology industry . In this study, first we demarcate three main industrial clustering districts in Taiwan. Second, we observe the R&D performance in the three main industrial clustering districts by four external factors which are industrial district, industry cluster, geographical proximity and R&D network.; and third we also analyze internal factors on the impact of performance of biotechnology industry, which are R&D department, number of employees, R&D personnel and R&D expense. Results show that geographical proximity facilitates knowledge sharing and interactive learning and innovation. Moreover, we find that industry cluster is an important factor of R&D performance of biotechnology industry. In addition, the general claim that number of employees and R&D personnel are helpful to firm’s R&D performance. In our research we find the same conclusion, that shows abounding knowledge is the core of the biotechnology industry. Finally, the empirical results indicate that low R&D expense is negatively related to R&D performance, and there is no different performance on Taiwan’s three main industrial clustering districts. Keywords:Industrial district, R&D performance

Abstract Taiwan¡¦s economy has progressed along with the industrial development. Various scales of industrial development districts had begun their way since the 60¡¦s and Feng Shang Industrial District (FSID) was among the examples at that time. However, following the time and location changes, earlier developed infrastructure of FSID had deteriorated and has been unable to maintain its functions. Similar to the needs confronting with the industrial economy, FSID is also required to change in the structure and upgrade their technology in order to maintain its function and fulfill the pressing requirement of environmental protection and sustainment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current problems confronting with FSID and its development in the future in order to come up with the possibility of upgraded industry and transformation. Through the analysis of an in-depth focused group interview, it was found that FSID can progress in two directions. One direction is to release the current organization and re-develop its planning of land. The other direction is to upgrade FSID¡¦s technology into an industry with higher profit. Regardless of which directions FSID would take, they should fulfill the requirement in low pollution and be environmental concerned.

This thesis is a monographic study to examine the transformation of the old industrial district of Ankara, which is yet incomplete. Investigating the significant reasons for its incompleteness, the study will concentrate on the intrinsic dynamics of this process, and particularly on such important contributions of its political actors. The aims of the study are to figure out the roles of political actors in urban transformations, and to evaluate the position of architectural production within such processes. As a consequence of this evaluation, the possible approaches for the similar forthcoming urban transformations will be questioned, with special reference to the political framework and the position of architectural production within the same framework. Maltepe developed as an industrial district since the end of the 19th Century, and served with the same function during the Republican period, until the 1950s when there were necessities and requirements for transformation. The transformation of the district occurred as two distinct processes on industrial production and industrial service areas. The industrial production area remained partially transformed, as a result of resistance mechanisms generated by the unavoidable practical difficulties. The transformation of the industrial service area remained incomplete as a result of varying design decisions at different periods. In general, the incompleteness of the transformation of the old industrial district was reasoned by either the incapability of political actors, or by the confrontations between them. The architectural production in this transformation was defined by the political actors, whose positions were characterized by such circumstances, within which the transformation occurred. Since the circumstances are different in any case, any urban transformation has different intrinsic dynamics and peculiarities in itself. Therefore, rather than approaching the issue of transformation with general policies, the strategies must be developed for each specific case. These strategies would also include the political actors, and the architects who participate in the formation of those political actors.

No description available.

[EN] Literature on clusters has evolved over time, together with different approaches where they have been used. However, there was not a quantitative analysis of the current state of that evolution. In this research project, a methodology based on bibliometric analysis has been used; this methodology is called "bibliographic coupling", and is based on the identification and quantification of common references mentioned in the documents under study. This has allowed us to identify and explain the most relevant approaches in which the concepts of cluster and industrial district were used in 2013. One of the most common demands shown in this literature, or in the approaches analyzed, such as Evolutionary Economic Geography, is the need for more cases of evolutionary (or dynamic) analysis of the study of clusters or industrial districts. Since present literature lacks an evolutionary analysis of Spanish cluster through its patents, in this research project the cluster toy-plastic of "Foia de Castalla" is analysed. This analysis is based on knowledge of the cluster environment, the development of those companies which it is made of and the evolution of skills and capabilities for the analysis of its patents; their patterns and processes of innovation will be better known, providing, thus, literature with a new analysis on the evolution of clusters. Therefore, this doctoral thesis contributes to the literature on clusters evolution with two elements; firstly a case of evolutionary analysis based on patents and secondly a quantitative procedure, "bibliographic coupling", applied to this literature; the main approaches or lines of research in this area being, thus, identified. / [ES] La literatura sobre los clusters ha ido evolucionando a lo largo del tiempo y de distintos enfoques que los han ido utilizando, sin embargo no existía un análisis cuantitativo de la situación actual de dicha evolución. En el presente trabajo de investigación se ha utilizado una metodología mediante el análisis bibliométrico denominado "apareo bibliográfico", basada en la identificación y cuantificación de las referencias bibliográficas comunes citadas por los documentos objeto de estudio, que nos ha permitido señalar y explicar los enfoques más relevantes que utilizan los conceptos de cluster y distrito industrial en el año 2013. Una de las demandas más extendida, dentro de esta literatura o por ejemplo de los enfoques detectados como es el caso de la Geografía Económica Evolutiva, es la necesidad de más casos de análisis evolutivos (o dinámicos) para el estudio de los clusters o distritos industriales. Dado que no existen en la literatura actual ningún caso de cluster español analizado evolutivamente a través de sus patentes, en el presente trabajo de investigación se ha analizado desde dicha perspectiva el cluster del juguete-plástico de la Foia de Castalla, dicho análisis está basado en el conocimiento del entorno del cluster, el desarrollo de las empresas que lo forman y la evolución de sus habilidades y capacidades por el análisis de sus patentes, para conocer mejor sus patrones y procesos de innovación. Aportando así un nuevo caso de análisis a la literatura sobre la evolución de los clusters. Por tanto, la presente tesis doctoral aporta a la literatura sobre la evolución de los clusters dos elementos, por un lado un caso de análisis evolutivo basado en las patentes y por otro un procedimiento cuantitativo "el apareo bibliográfico" aplicado a dicha literatura lo que permite detectar los principales enfoques o líneas de investigación en esta área. / [CA] La literatura sobre els clústers ha anat evolucionant al llarg del temps i de diferents enfocaments que els han anat utilitzant, no obstant açò no existia una anàlisi quantitativa de la situació actual d'aquesta evolució. En el present treball de recerca s'ha utilitzat una metodologia basada en l'anàlisi bibliomètric denominat "apariat bibliogràfic", basada en la identificació i quantificació de les referències bibliogràfiques comunes citades pels documents objecte d'estudi, que ens ha permès assenyalar i explicar els enfocaments més rellevants que utilitzen els conceptes de clúster i districte industrial l'any 2013. Una de les demandes més estesa, dins d'aquesta literatura o per exemple dels enfocaments detectats com és el cas de la Geografia Econòmica Evolutiva, és la necessitat de més casos d'anàlisis evolutives (o dinàmiques) per a l'estudi dels clústers o districtes industrials. Atès que no existeixen en la literatura actual cap cas de clúster espanyol analitzat evolutivament a través de les seues patents, en el present treball de recerca s'ha analitzat des de la perspectiva el clúster del joguet-plàstic de la Foia de Castalla. Aquesta anàlisi està basada en el coneixement de l'entorn del clúster, el desenvolupament de les empreses que el formen i l'evolució de les seues habilitats i capacitats per l'anàlisi de les seues patents, per a conèixer millor els seus patrons i processos d'innovació. Així s'aporta un nou cas d'anàlisi a la literatura sobre l'evolució dels clústers. Per tant, la present tesi doctoral aporta a la literatura sobre l'evolució dels clústers dos elements: d'una banda, un cas d'anàlisi evolutiva basada en les patents, i d'altra banda, un procediment quantitatiu, "l'apariat bibliogràfic", aplicat a aquesta literatura la qual cosa permet detectar els principals enfocaments o línies de recerca en aquesta àrea. / Caja Meri, P. (2015). La evolución del cluster y su análisis: Estudio bibliométrico del concepto y aplicación de metodologías evolutivas en casos aplicados [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/52245

Cette thèse est une contribution au débat sur l’entrepreneuriat comme levier économique et social pour le développement des pays du Sud. L’objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer plus particulièrement le comportement de l’entrepreneur malgache des zones franches textiles et spécifier son management interculturel.Cette thèse, caractérisée par une approche multidisciplinaire, est structurée en trois parties.La première partie présente une revue de la littérature afin d’appréhender l’état actuel des recherches sur l’entrepreneur dans les pays du Sud et introduit la notion de management interculturel. La seconde partie s’articule d’une part autour des origines et des évolutions du cluster textile à Madagascar et d’autre part autour de la prégnance de la culture malgache dans le comportement des entrepreneurs des zones franches textiles. Enfin la dernière partie de cette thèse s’attelle aux analyses empiriques de récits de vie des entrepreneurs. Cette partie propose une typologie des entrepreneurs dans les entreprises franches textiles à Madagascar, à partir de l’analyse interprétative des récits de vie. / This Ph.D. is a contribution to the recent debates on the role of entrepreneurship in developing countries. The main issue of the thesis is to determine entrepreneurs’ behavior through intercultural management. This work is applied to the Madagascar’s free zone entrepreneurs. In this thesis, we use multidisciplinary methodology in order to understand how Madagascar’s entrepreneurs develop their activities. The first chapter of the thesis presents the state of the art of recent research on entrepreneurship in developing countries. The second chapter analyses the origins and evolutions of the textile cluster of Madagascar and introduces the role of cultural elements. Finally, the third chapter reproduces some “fragments” from these entrepreneurs’ interviews. This chapter delivers a typology for the entrepreneurs of Madagascar’s textile free zone.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-18T12:55:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 48c.pdf: 3718740 bytes, checksum: da5b81748289b8f36e4fc12b0d86727f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-18T12:55:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 48c.pdf: 3718740 bytes, checksum: da5b81748289b8f36e4fc12b0d86727f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A partir do século XIX, as cidades passaram por uma transformação sem precedentes, em estreita relação com a elevada aceleração da industrialização nos grandes centros mundiais. Desde então, os processos de ocupação do solo e exploração dos recursos naturais têm evidenciado uma realidade nada harmônica com o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, sendo necessário uma reavaliação e substituição dos métodos praticados em relação ao planejamento do uso do solo. Os Distritos Industriais tornaram-se importantes instrumentos com os quais conta o Poder Público para induzir à desconcentração econômica e criar novos pólos de desenvolvimento. Para isso, o processo legislativo é um meio indispensável para definir usos prioritários do solo, orientar e acompanhar o processo de assentamento industrial. No entanto, o estabelecimento de um Distrito Industrial não deve ser analisado levando-se em conta somente o fator econômico, mas também a questão ambiental do empreendimento. Assim, esse trabalho tem por objetivo determinar locais adequados para implantação de Distritos Industriais, tendo como área piloto o município de São Leopoldo/RS. Como ferramenta, utilizou-se um Sistema de Informação Geográfica para a realização de análises espaciais e criação de critérios sobre um grande volume de informações ambientais, ponderadas pela legislação Federal, Estadual e Municipal. As principais informações utilizadas nesse trabalho foram: altimetria, hidrografia, uso do solo, pedologia, geologia e infra-estrutura. Os resultados são visualizados em cenários modelados de acordo com as restrições impostas sobre as informações, permitindo, ao final, a combinação de todos os cenários e criação da carta que indica os locais mais adequados para implantação de Distritos Industriais. Para São Leopoldo, cerca de 58,99% de sua área total, foi considerada como Área de Preservação Permanente (APP), porém 32,46% dessas áreas encontram-se ocupadas por construções e reflorestamentos. Contudo, mesmo propondo a preservação de mais da metade da área total do município, se obteve um resultado final com uma proporção considerável de áreas aptas para implantação de distritos industriais, sendo 31,69% consideradas boas e ótimas, e 8,84% regulares. / Since the 19th century, cities have been passing through a transformation without precedents that is strongly related to the high acceleration of industrialization in great world centers. Since then processes of soil occupation and natural resources exploitation have evidenced a reality that shows no harmony with the concept of sustainable development, making it necessary a revaluation and replacement of the methods practiced in relation to planning the use of soil. Industrial Districts became important instruments which are used by the Public Power to induce economic decentralization and create new development poles. For this reason, the legislative process is an indispensable means to define the priorities in the uses of soil, also to conduct and follow the process of industrial registration. However, the Industrial District establishment shall not be analyzed by taking into account the economic factor only, but also the environmental issue of the enterprise. Thus, this research has the objective of determining adequate places for Industrial District implantation, having as a pilot area the city of São Leopoldo - RS. A Geographic Information System for the execution of spatial analysis and criteria creation on a large volume of environmental information will be used as a tool, which will be studied by Federal, State and Municipal legislation. The main information used on this research are: altimeter, hydrography, soil use, pedology, geology and infrastructure. The results will be visualized in scenarios modeled in accordance with the restrictions imposed upon the information, allowing at the end, to combine all scenarios and create the map that indicates the adequate places for Industrial Districts implantation. For São Leopoldo, around 58.99% of their total area, was considered Permanent Preservation Area (PPA), but 32.46% of these areas are occupied by buildings and reforestations. However, even proposing that more than a half of municipality total area must be preserved, was obtained as final result a considerable proportion of suitable areas for industrial districts implantation, where 31.69% were considered good and best, and 8.84% medium.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The idea of creating an industrial district of Santa Maria originated in the mid -1960s as a possible solution to the problem of industrialization and labour of the city. Its creation was also in line with the pursuit of accelerated economic growth, experienced by the Civil-Military Dictatorship by which spent Country, during the late 1960s and early 1970s and the policy of dissemination of industrial areas in Rio Grande do Sul. In this context, we seek to understand how the installation of the Industrial District of Santa Maria occurred and what are the main problems for him now, considering that the city still has not reached the expected level of industrialization. The alternatives that aimed to reverse this situation were also the target of study. For this, besides references were used for the preparation of this work, documents like the Bill and Feasibility Study of the Industrial District of Santa Maria, the Master Plan of the city, Reports of committees aimed to make allowances for the execution of Industrial districts in Rio Grande do Sul, as well as oral sources and other materials that complemented the research. This dissertation is part of the Research Line "Migration and Labour", the Master course in History of Post -Graduate in History of the Federal University of Santa Maria that received funding from CAPES. / A ideia de criação de um Distrito Industrial de Santa Maria teve origem em meados da década de 1960 como uma possibilidade de solução para o problema de industrialização e trabalho da cidade. Sua criação também estava em conformidade com a busca de crescimento acelerado da economia, vivenciado pela Ditadura Civil-Militar pela qual passava País, durante o final da década de 1960 e início da década de 1970 e com a política de disseminação de áreas industriais no Rio Grande do Sul. A partir desse contexto, procura-se compreender como ocorreu a instalação do Distrito Industrial de Santa Maria e quais são os principais problemas apresentados por ele atualmente, tendo em vista que a cidade ainda não atingiu o nível de industrialização esperado. As alternativas que visaram reverter esta situação também foram alvo de estudo. Para isto, além de referências bibliográficas, foram utilizadas, para a elaboração deste trabalho, documentos como o Anteprojeto e o Estudo de Viabilidade do Distrito Industrial de Santa Maria, o Plano Diretor da cidade, os Relatórios das Comissões que visavam a formular subsídios para efetivação dos Distritos Industriais no Rio Grande do Sul, além de fontes orais e outros materiais que complementaram a pesquisa. Esta dissertação insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa Migrações e Trabalho , do curso de Mestrado em História do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, que contou com financiamento da CAPES.