Abstract Among these years, the economy of Taiwan has grown rapidly. It indirectly caused the quality and quantity of the crime to keep rising. For the safety reason, more and more people seek protection from private security company, and it caused the industry to grow rapidly. Under the condition of No Barrier of Entrance, more and more potential movers joined the industry. Facing such a significant changes, plus the units of the industry are mostly retired high rank officers and no scholars participated, it caused the price competition continue to be the most common strategy used between competitors. Some company even offended against the law, just to have the lowest primary cost. Some law-abiding companies, because of some factors, are not able to lower the primary cost. Instead, to operate normally, they started to make use of their own Competitive Advantage and planned a Competitive Strategy for a Fit Industrial Environment. However, in the present days, there are no studies about Security Industry. Therefore, my thesis is trying to analyze the reason that caused the industry press and to research the affects of Industrial Environment, Business Resources, and Competitive Strategy. Lastly, is to further understood how did the industry constructed their resources in such environment. This thesis used a qualitative way, using the results of interviews and information from other researches and the conclusion are as follow: 1. Threat of Potential Mover, Threat of Existence Competitor, and Negotiated Power of the Buyer are the main reasons that caused industry press in today¡¦s industry. 2. Private Security Guards, lacking quality and quantity, are the main reason for the Gap in the quality of the industry¡¦s service. 3. As regards of security industry, the investment of Technology Strategy, Distribution Strategy, and Value Activities are not obvious. 4. The services within the security industry are similar, and with a lot of competitors, using Differentiation Strategy has a remarkable connection. 5. If Upper Management, Consultant Team, Human Resource Management, Organization Culture, Organization Structure, Safety Service Program, and Service are the Strategic Resources of a security company, others have more possibilities using Differentiation Strategy. 6. When a security company had a Gap on the Strategic Resources, such as, Upper Management, Consultant Team, Human Resource Management, Organization Culture, Organization Structure, Safety Service Program, and Service, the company may build resources by using Resource Initiation and Accumulation. 7. When a security company has a good Organization Structure, they can create price elasticity and service combination using Product Line Strategy. 8. If the security company had a good Backup Support and emphasized Operational Strategies, for sure the company will do a better job.

In knowledge economy century the core competitive advantages of companies do not come from physical capital any more, in contrast, they come from human beings who create virtual capital such as knowledge and skills. That is the reason that almost all companies start to concern about their own human capital. Also that is the reason I did this research. This study is empirical in nature and questionnaires where design to gather data. From this study I try to find out the main concepts of human capital for companies, the relationships between characteristics of organization and human capital, the relationships between characteristics of organization and organizational performance, and the relationships between industrial environment and organizational performance. After statistic analyzes the results are stated as bellow: I. The factors of human capital. 1. The executives¡¦ direction ability of knowledge and vision. 2. Employees¡¦ entrepreneur and creation competencies. 3. Human investment and return. 4. Employee¡¦s leaning potential. II. Differences of human capital due to characteristics of organization. 1. The years of a company which is build up has significant differences on employee¡¦s entrepreneur and creation competencies. 2. The lifecycle of a company has significant differences on employee¡¦s entrepreneur and creation competencies. 3. The lifecycle of a company has significant differences on human investments and returns. III. The moderating effects of characteristics of organization. 1. The interaction effect between the executives¡¦ direction ability of knowledge and vision and the lifecycle of a company on behavior performance is significant. IV. The moderating effects of industrial environment. 1. The interaction effect between the executives¡¦ direction ability of knowledge and vision and the volatility on financial performance is significant. 2. The interaction effect between the executives¡¦ direction ability of knowledge and vision and the volatility on operational performance is significant. 3. The interaction effect between the executives¡¦ direction ability of knowledge and vision and the complexity on behavior performance is significant. 4. The interaction effect between the employees¡¦ entrepreneur and creation competencies and the complexity on operational performance is significant.

The management competency of a manager differs from his career position. Low-level managers demonstrate professional skill of job. The middle-level managers focus on interpersonal ability and the high-level managers concentrate on conceptual talent. Besides, the competency may vary in the degree of job difficulty, in the degree to which people at different ages and stages and in the degree of industrial environment, organization life cycle and so on. Hence, this research was designed to examine the relationship among management competency, industrial environment, competitive strategy, characteristics of organization, characteristics of individual and department performance. The results of the research indicate that: 1.The interaction effect between the complexity of environment and the learning ability of management competency on department¡¦s subjective performance is significant. 2.The interaction effect between the business differentiation strategy and the self-management ability of management competency on department¡¦s subjective performance is significant. 3.The interaction effect between the position and group leading ability of management competency on department¡¦s objective performance is significant. 4.The interaction effect between the position and administration ability of management competency on department¡¦s objective performance is significant. 5.The interaction effect between the organization life cycle and the self-management ability of management competency on department¡¦s subjective performance is significant. 6.The interaction effect between the difference of business and the empowerment-evaluation ability of management competency on department¡¦s objective performance is significant. 7.The interaction effect between business capital and the profession ability of management competency on department¡¦s subjective performance is significant. 8.The self-management and learning abilities are the main concerns of evaluating a manager candidate.

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Several studies have characterized the path loss properties in industrial environments. However most of them have focused on one frequency, and some two or maximum three frequencies, usually cellular telephone frequencies or the unlicensed ISM bands that are commonly used in various industries. Few, if any, have characterized a larger part of the useable frequency range.This thesis is taking that challenge and investigates the path loss characteristics over a large frequency range, 300 MHz – 3 GHz, in industrial environments. First a measurement system suitable for the harsh environments found in industries is designed and verified. The measurement system is designed as two asynchronous stand-alone units that can be positioned at an arbitrary position to measure the path loss characteristics in any environment without interfering with the normal activities at the location. After that a measurement campaign involving three different types of environments is carried out. The environment types are: first, one highly absorbing – a paper warehouse at a paper mill; second, one highly reflective – a furnace building filled with metal objects and constructions and third, a mine tunnel – located 1 km below the surface of earth which is neither highly reflective nor absorbing but exhibits somewhat wave-guide like characteristics. The environments are shown to have very different behavior when it comes to propagation characteristics. Observations in the first environment reveal an environment that almost cancels out certain frequency bands and only line-of-sight communication is possible, hence no improvement will be achieved if installing systems that take multipath propagation into account, like MIMO. In the second environment reflections are legion; there are so many reflecting surfaces at different angles so any polarization of the signal is almost completely eliminated. Large fading variations were observed.The third environment is the underground mine where signals propagate inside the tunnels like in waveguides. It is shown that there are regions in the spectrum where the path loss dips and that these dips at least partly can be modeled with a simple two-beam propagation model normally used for outdoor propagation over infinite fields. The overall conclusion is that industrial environments are more heterogeneous regarding propagation characteristics than commonly assumed when selecting communication solutions. And that the only way to really know if a radio system will work at a certain location is to measure and characterize the environment.

Nowadays, industries are characterised by their speed and changeability. Many institutions from the industrial environment, such as the technological development, appear to vary over industries. Industries are generally characterised by their instability. In addition, it is a common trend for MNCs to start the development of products in multiple countries. This in turn seems to bring many problems with it along, such as the lack of communication between departments and the difficulties of sharing knowledge. The recognition of implications for New Product Development (NPD) best practices in a sophisticated industry and complex international environment therefore led us to the overarching research question: “How can MNCs from different industries best manage their corporate portfolio of New Product Developments (NPDs) on an international level?” The following three considerations are used to help us answer the main issue: (1) how NPD best practices can create a competitive advantage for MNCs, (2) how industrial institutions can influence the NPD best practices, and (3) how international institutions can influence the NPD best practices. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to comprise the academic research of NPD best practices for MNCs with both the industrial and international institutions that influence NPD best practices of MNCs. This research has been conducted through a qualitative research; six industrial cases from five MNCs have therefore been used to answer these questions. Empirical data was gathered through five face-to-face interviews and one phone interview. The theoretical framework therefore includes the NPD best practices, and the main institutions within both the industrial and international environment. These three areas have been synthesised from the earlier on mentioned three themes, which have been used as a basis throughout the empirical findings. Within the analysis, the theoretical framework and empirical findings have been systematically combined to find answers regarding our three sub questions. Concluding, it seems that strategy, processes, resources and capabilities, and portfolio management are commonly used practices, whereas these seem to be influenced by both industrial and international institutions.

[Truncated abstract] Developing wireless sensor network communication protocols for industrial environments is a challenging task. The wireless channel conditions in industrial environments are harsher as a result of multipath propagation of radio signals within an environment where the mechanics of the surrounding industrial activities often lead to severe small-scale fading effects. The design of network protocols to function in such an environment needs to provide a robust communication platform for the wireless sensor nodes, while optimizing the utilization of the limited node resources available. As existing general MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks do not work well under harsh channel conditions, we address this problem in this thesis by proposing a medium access control (MAC) protocol framework for wireless sensor networks in industrial environments. To describe the impact of an automated industrial site on small-scale fading effects in an industrial indoor wireless network, we use a site-specific ray-tracer for predicting signal propagation based on building blue prints to simulate the signal propagation paths through an industrial site with periodically moving objects. We found that in a fully automated industrial site, the periodic movements of objects with constant velocities result in an approximately periodic distribution of fading periods in the channel. Based on this finding, we propose a link state dependent TDMA-based MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks designed for automated industrial applications. ... This technique also conserves energy and maximizes packet integrity as the sensor nodes avoid performing network activities when the channel is sampled to be affected by fading. As a measure for fault-tolerance, we also propose a dynamic link reconstruction technique that allows sensor nodes to reconstruct new parent links when their present links are severely affected by fading. MAC protocols that adopt active buffering in fading-affected channels suffer bufferoverflow and latency issues as a result of the postponement of scheduled transmissions during periods when the channel is in a fade. Consequently, time-sensitive data packets that may contain critical information may miss their deadlines in a severely affected fading channel. Hence, we propose a general fading-aware data management (FADE) MAC protocol extension that uses buffer nodes to offload the memory buffer off sensor nodes in the network and prioritizes traffic based on a simple proposed priority scheme. The FADE extension provides a balance balance between minimum end-to-end latency for critical event reporting, high packet delivery guarantee, low energy consumption, and minimum buffer requirements on the sensor nodes. In summary, this thesis presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of all our proposed network protocols that are combined as a framework for wireless sensor networks in industrial environments.

Η παρούσα εργασία εστιάζεται και παρουσιάζει μια ολοκληρωμένη λύση στο πρόβλημα της κάθετης επιχειρησιακής ολοκλήρωσης, της διαφανούς δηλαδή ολοκλήρωσης εφαρμογών και συστημάτων, τα οποία είναι δυνατό να εκτελούνται σε διαφορετικά επίπεδα όσον αφορά στην κλασσική ιεραρχία του βιομηχανικού / κατασκευαστικού περιβάλλοντος, από το Επιχειρησιακό Επίπεδο στο οποίο εκτελείται το σύστημα Διαχείρισης Επιχειρησιακών Πόρων (Enterprise Resource Planning – ERP) ως το Επίπεδο Ελέγχου Πεδίου (field control επίπεδο). Η λύση η οποία προτείνεται είναι ένα λογισμικό συνδετικότητας (middleware) που δημιουργεί την αναγκαία υποδομή για ένα πιο ευέλικτο και ευφυές βιομηχανικό περιβάλλον. / The present dissertation, focuses and presents an integrated solution to the problem of vertical business integration that is the transparent integration of applications and systems that is possible to operate in different levels within the classical hierarchy of the industrial / production environment. This hierarchy comprises of the ERP, field control and the device layer. The industrial environment is characterized by particular complexity and is highly heterogeneous. As a result, any attempt to modify the existing production processes is particularly difficult. This project, combines standards, established and emerging technologies to address two contradicting requirements: integration and flexibility.

This thesis is focused on the industrial environment. This study aims to understand the difficulties wireless communications have when performing in these types of environment with a specific standard (and protocol) Zigbee. These difficulties are due mainly to the physical effects and interferences as well the electromagnetic waves from these wireless transmission signals can suffer. The background of this project is to analyze how industries can implement wireless sensor networks (using Zigbee standard) for their factories in order for them to be beneficial i.e. reliable or if it is possible. Industries normally tend to keep in the path of the old fashioned way i.e. wired systems which are more robust and can cope with the hard system requirements. Some study on these environment effects (interference as well) is performed. The results show how this (Zigbee) sensor network could be or should be implemented in order to have the best performance (disposition of devices, type of environment considering only industrial environments, etc.). Specifically, these results show that Zigbe wireless sensor networks are limited to some conditions in order to obtain the desired reliability. These conditions are that these networks must be performed in absorbing environments, LoS disposition of devices, not too long diatance between devices and not other networks in the same area using the same frequency band. The limitation of absorbing environments is because the dispersion effects in the (highly) reflective environments are critically damageful for the link. The limitation of the other devices operating in the same frequency band in a close area is due to the fact that Zigbee has no frequency diversity. Last but not least, the limitations to LoS and not too long maximum range (approximately 50 meters) are related since the range would be (much) lower than 50 meters if the communication was in NLoS disposition of devices. The noise in this environment is also studied and modeled. The results show that as the impulsive index (which is ameasure of the number of impulses that reach the receiver in a certain unit of time) takes larger values, the distribution approximates that of a Gaussian and as A takes lower values the reults show an impulsive characteristic. The Probability of error is computed for values of A less than 1, where the impulsive characterstic is shown, and as A takes larger values the error is greater.

Lesjöfors, located in the municipality of Filipstad in Värmland, has a mining history dating back to the 1600s. In the mid-1970s, however, Lesjöfors, like Bergslagen at large, suffered from the international recession, and structural change had a major impact on this region, affecting society as well as individuals. These transformations form the basis of this thesis. In today’s society, knowledge or training is constantly in demand. However, the political context does not always allow for a consideration of the impact of decisions on small local communities and individuals in rural areas. Even the most well-intentioned politician and decision-maker may find themselves in the cultural trap of seeing "the others", "ordinary people" in a certain light or perspective. In a world that increasingly emphasizes knowledge, it is important to discuss what this development actually means to people. This thesis investigates the importance of local knowledge traditions in a mining district during an eventful historical phase. The main focus is on men and the role that local knowledge traditions – including knowledge patterns and knowledge ideals – have played in their choice of education. The study covers the period 1940-2010, which was marked by both industrial progress and drastic decline, and offers the opportunity to identify change over time. The study shows that there are clear trends in today's society to educate people, get them to break with the past, adopt new lifestyles and rational approaches. In Lesjöfors it is no longer possible to live the way people used to, that is, like their ancestors, to enter the industry as they reach full maturity. This means that the need to adapt to the requirements of a new situation while retaining the knowledge and identity of the past creates social conflicts of interests and an ambivalent situation for the individual. / ”Jag minns första gången jag besökte Lesjöfors och stod öga mot öga med denna miljö. Stora förfallna fabriksbyggnader, ödsliga gator och rost. I en bygd där järnet varit så självklart verkade all den här rosten så påtagligt tragisk. Det är inte svårt att förstå att när stålindustrin mer eller mindre havererade – det ska sägas att det fortfarande finns en fungerande verksamhet här om än i mycket mindre skala – måste det ha skakat om människors liv rejält”… Så inleder Ramona Ivener denna avhandling som centreras kring den värmländska bruksorten Lesjöfors under den andra delen av 1900-talet, en omvälvande period kännetecknad av både industriell framgång och drastisk nedgång. Undersökningen rör sig kring dessa förändringar, särskilt de som uppstod i samband med stålkrisen under 1970-talet och hur de påverkat de lesjöforska männens syn på kunskap och utbildning. I dagens samhälle finns en efterfrågan på hög formell utbildning, det är dock inte alltid man inom politiska sammanhang tar ställning till vilka konsekvenser beslutsfattande får för små lokalsamhällen och individer i glesbygd. Avhandlingen belyser problematiken och relationen mellan kunskapstradition, maskulinitet och förändring åren 1940-2010.   RAMONA IVENER är född 1978. Kunskapens händer är hennes doktorsavhandling i historia. / Läsa och leva