O principal objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma nova técnica de reconstrução numérica do problema de tomografia por impedância elétrica. A abordagem adotada baseia-se na minimização de um funcional de erro convenientemente definido, cujo ponto de mínimo global está relacionado com a imagem do escoamento sensoriado. Nesta formulação, o mau condicionamento se manifesta através de características topológicas dos funcionais de erro (patologia) que prejudicam o desempenho dos métodos de otimização na obtenção do mínimo. Esta abordagem tem vantagens significativas em relação às abordagens tradicionais, normalmente baseadas em hipóteses restritivas e pouco realistas como, por exemplo, considerar o campo de sensoriamento bidimensional e paralelo, além de independente do escoamento. Testes numéricos permitiram realizar estudos preliminares sobre as características topológicas do funcional de erro, necessários para a seleção de métodos de otimização passíveis de serem especializados para a solução do problema tratado neste trabalho. Nestes testes identificou-se a patologia característica do problema tratado: presença de uma região plana (inclinação virtualmente nula) circundando o mínimo global procurado. Dentre os diferentes métodos de otimização considerados, optou-se pelo desenvolvimento de uma estratégia baseada em algoritmos genéticos, devido às suas características serem melhor adaptáveis à patologia do problema em questão. O desempenho do método de otimização desenvolvido foi testado extensivamente em dois problemas básicos: a) posicionar corretamente uma inclusão de forma e contraste conhecidos e b) determinar os valores do contraste em uma sub-região do domínio de sensoriamento, no interior do qual sabe-se que existe uma inclusão. No primeiro caso, os resultados mostraram que, de fato, o algoritmo genético superou a patologia do problema e convergiu para a solução correta. No segundo caso, de dimensionalidade maior, a convergência em um tempo aceitável só pode ser alcançada com a introdução de informações à priori, seja na forma de restrições sobre o espaço de busca, seja na forma de penalidades aplicadas ao funcional de erro. / The main objective of this work is to contribute to the development of a new two-phase flow tomographic reconstruction method suited for electrical impedance tomography. The adopted approach consists in minimizing an error functional, defined so that is global minimum is related with the sensed flow image. In this formulation, the ill conditioning appears through topological features of the error functionals (pathologies) which compromises the performance of the optimization algorithms employed to determine the minimum. This approach has several important advantages over the classical ones, generally based on restrictive and unrealistic hypothesis such as the sensing field being two-dimensional, parallel and independent of the flow. Numerical simulations permitted to conduct preliminary studies about the topological features of the error functional, necessary to select possible optimization methods to be specialized to reach the solution of the problem treated in this work. The characteristic pathology of the problem was identified in these tests: the presence of a flat region (virtually null inclination) around the sought global minimum. Among the different considered methods, genetic algorithms were adopted because of their characteristics of being best adaptive to the pathologies of the current problem. The performance of the developed optimization method was tested through extensive numerical tests in two basic problems: a) to correctly place aninclusion with known shape and contrast and b) to determine the values of the contrast inside a sub-region of the sensed domain, which is known that contains the inclusion. In the first case, results show that the genetic algorithm overcame the pathologies of the problem and converged to the correct solution. In the second case, with higher dimensionality, convergence was achieved in an acceptable time only after the introduction of a priori information, either in the form of restrictions on the search space or in the form of penalties applied to the error functional.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlessandroJS.pdf: 1468441 bytes, checksum: 993e0d080109648d0be101f3affe859a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-31 / The structure of Industrial Automation bases on a hierarchical pyramid, where restricted information islands are created. Those information islands are characterized by systems where hardware and software used are proprietors. In other words, they are supplied for just a manufacturer, doing with that customer is entailed to that supplier. That solution causes great damages to companies. Once the connection and integration with other equipments, that are not of own supplier, it is very complicated. Several times it is impossible of being accomplished, because of high cost of solution or for technical incompatibility. This work consists to specify and to implement the visualization module via Web of GERINF. GERINF is a FINEP/CTPetro project that has the objective of developing a software for information management in industrial processes. GERINF is divided in three modules: visualization via Web, compress and storage and communication module. Are presented results of the utilization of a proposed system to information management of a Natural Gas collected Unit of Guamar?e on the PETROBRAS UN-RNCE. / ? cada vez mais evidente a necessidade que a ind?stria tem de criar e utilizar sistemas integrados, cujo fluxo de informa??es passe do ch?o-de-f?brica aos sistemas corporativos de forma f?cil e sem problemas de integra??o. A estrutura da Automa??o Industrial baseia-se em uma pir?mide organizacional, onde s?o criadas ilhas restritas de informa??es. Essas ilhas de informa??es caracterizam-se por sistemas onde o hardware e o software utilizados s?o geralmente propriet?rios, isto ?, fornecidos por apenas um fabricante, fazendo com que o cliente fique vinculado a esse fornecedor. Esse tipo de solu??o causa enormes preju?zos ?s empresas, uma vez que a conectividade e a integra??o com outros equipamentos, que n?o os do pr?prio fornecedor, tendem a ser muito complicadas e, muitas vezes, imposs?veis de serem realizadas, seja pelo alto custo da solu??o ou pela incompatibilidade t?cnica. Este trabalho consiste em especificar e implementar o M?dulo de Visualiza??o via Web do GERINF. O GERINF ? um projeto FINEP/CTPetro que tem o objetivo desenvolver um software para ger?ncia de informa??o de processos industriais e est? dividido em tr?s m?dulos: M?dulo de Visualiza??o via Web, M?dulo de Compacta??o e Armazenamento e M?dulo de Comunica??o. Como estudo de caso s?o apresentados resultados advindo da utiliza??o do sistema proposto na ger?ncia de informa??o da unidade coletora de G?s Natural do P?lo Guamar? na PETROBRAS UN-RNCE.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma nova técnica de reconstrução numérica do problema de tomografia por impedância elétrica. A abordagem adotada baseia-se na minimização de um funcional de erro convenientemente definido, cujo ponto de mínimo global está relacionado com a imagem do escoamento sensoriado. Nesta formulação, o mau condicionamento se manifesta através de características topológicas dos funcionais de erro (patologia) que prejudicam o desempenho dos métodos de otimização na obtenção do mínimo. Esta abordagem tem vantagens significativas em relação às abordagens tradicionais, normalmente baseadas em hipóteses restritivas e pouco realistas como, por exemplo, considerar o campo de sensoriamento bidimensional e paralelo, além de independente do escoamento. Testes numéricos permitiram realizar estudos preliminares sobre as características topológicas do funcional de erro, necessários para a seleção de métodos de otimização passíveis de serem especializados para a solução do problema tratado neste trabalho. Nestes testes identificou-se a patologia característica do problema tratado: presença de uma região plana (inclinação virtualmente nula) circundando o mínimo global procurado. Dentre os diferentes métodos de otimização considerados, optou-se pelo desenvolvimento de uma estratégia baseada em algoritmos genéticos, devido às suas características serem melhor adaptáveis à patologia do problema em questão. O desempenho do método de otimização desenvolvido foi testado extensivamente em dois problemas básicos: a) posicionar corretamente uma inclusão de forma e contraste conhecidos e b) determinar os valores do contraste em uma sub-região do domínio de sensoriamento, no interior do qual sabe-se que existe uma inclusão. No primeiro caso, os resultados mostraram que, de fato, o algoritmo genético superou a patologia do problema e convergiu para a solução correta. No segundo caso, de dimensionalidade maior, a convergência em um tempo aceitável só pode ser alcançada com a introdução de informações à priori, seja na forma de restrições sobre o espaço de busca, seja na forma de penalidades aplicadas ao funcional de erro. / The main objective of this work is to contribute to the development of a new two-phase flow tomographic reconstruction method suited for electrical impedance tomography. The adopted approach consists in minimizing an error functional, defined so that is global minimum is related with the sensed flow image. In this formulation, the ill conditioning appears through topological features of the error functionals (pathologies) which compromises the performance of the optimization algorithms employed to determine the minimum. This approach has several important advantages over the classical ones, generally based on restrictive and unrealistic hypothesis such as the sensing field being two-dimensional, parallel and independent of the flow. Numerical simulations permitted to conduct preliminary studies about the topological features of the error functional, necessary to select possible optimization methods to be specialized to reach the solution of the problem treated in this work. The characteristic pathology of the problem was identified in these tests: the presence of a flat region (virtually null inclination) around the sought global minimum. Among the different considered methods, genetic algorithms were adopted because of their characteristics of being best adaptive to the pathologies of the current problem. The performance of the developed optimization method was tested through extensive numerical tests in two basic problems: a) to correctly place aninclusion with known shape and contrast and b) to determine the values of the contrast inside a sub-region of the sensed domain, which is known that contains the inclusion. In the first case, results show that the genetic algorithm overcame the pathologies of the problem and converged to the correct solution. In the second case, with higher dimensionality, convergence was achieved in an acceptable time only after the introduction of a priori information, either in the form of restrictions on the search space or in the form of penalties applied to the error functional.

The diploma work is dealing with solution of concrete problem from the industrial practice. The main aim is to increase the quality in trailer production. The section of state of the art includes the description of selected characteristics about the company AGADOS, analysis of production process including controlling and monitoring activities. The theoretical study introduces processes and methods of planning for continuous improving of quality. The evaluation of monitored results with the support of IS tools was proceeded by construction of recognized divergences by the help of Pareto diagram. After the implementation of corrective proceedings to improve the quality, which was estimated in terms of processing engineering, repeated evaluations have been applied. The effectiveness of proposed proceedings is illustrated by construction of Pareto diagrams, which are presenting the complex examination of changes before and after implementation of corrective proceedings.

Η αναβάθμιση της διαδικασίας ανάπτυξης εφαρμογών λογισμικού που αφορούν τον έλεγχο βιομηχανικών συστημάτων, είναι ένα θέμα που απασχολεί για δεκαετίες του μηχανικούς ελέγχου αλλά και τους μηχανικούς λογισμικού. Κατά την ανάπτυξη των βιομηχανικών εφαρμογών, οι μηχανικοί καλούνται να ικανοποιήσουν πληθώρα απαιτήσεων μεταξύ των οποίων: συμβατότητα με το υπάρχον εγκατεστημένο υλικό, συμβατότητα με τις ήδη εγκατεστημένες παλαιότερες εφαρμογές και επαναχρησιμοποίηση τμημάτων λογισμικού. Για τους παραπάνω λόγους, αναζητούνται συνεχώς λύσεις οι οποίες: θα προσφέρουν μια περισσότερο φιλική προς το μηχανικό ελέγχου διαδικασία ανάπτυξης η οποία θα υποστηρίζει επεκτασιμότητα των εφαρμογών, θα διευκολύνει την επαναχρησιμοποίηση τμημάτων του λογισμικού, θα ενισχύει την συντήρηση του λογισμικού και θα είναι ανεξάρτητη από το υλικό εκτέλεσης των βιομηχανικών συστημάτων. Η International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) για να αντιμετωπίσει τις απαιτήσεις των σύγχρονων συστημάτων δημιούργησε το πρότυπο IEC61499 το οποίο έρχεται να επεκτείνει το Function Block του IEC61131. Το IEC61499, καθορίζει μια μεθοδολογία σχεδιασμού, όπου το Function Block είναι το βασικό δομικό συστατικό για την ανάπτυξη διαλειτουργικών κατανεμημένων εφαρμογών αυτοματισμού και ελέγχου. Οι εφαρμογές ελέγχου μπορούν να υλοποιηθούν από Function Block δίκτυα διασυνδέοντας τις εισόδους και εξόδους τους. Το IEC61499 προτείνει επίσης τον σχεδιασμό εργαλείων λογισμικού για την υποστήριξη (εν μέρει αυτοματοποίηση) της διαδικασίας ανάπτυξης. Στην παρούσα διατριβή, παρουσιάζεται μια νέα προσέγγιση για τον σχεδιασμό κατανεμημένων βιομηχανικών εφαρμογών και πιο συγκεκριμένα Συστημάτων Μέτρησης και Ελέγχου Βιομηχανικών Διεργασιών1 (IPMCSs) όπως τα ορίζει το πρότυπο IEC. Η προσέγγιση εστιάζει στον ορισμό μιας μεθοδολογίας για την φάση της ανάλυσης και κύρια την τεκμηρίωση των απαιτήσεων και τον μετέπειτα μετασχηματισμό του μοντέλου ανάλυσης σε μοντέλο σχεδιασμού. Η προτεινόμενη προσέγγιση βασίζεται σε κατάλληλα οριζόμενες έννοιες και τεχνικές και αξιοποιεί τελευταίες τάσεις από το χώρο της Μηχανιστικής Λογισμικού (Software Engineering), όπως είναι η έννοια της μετα-μοντελοποίησης (Meta-modeling) όπως αυτή ορίζεται στα πλαίσια της βασισμένης σε μοντέλα ανάπτυξης (Model Driven Development) και της Unified Modeling Language (UML) και των επεκτάσεων της (UML Profiles) και εφαρμογή αυτών στο σχεδιασμό βιομηχανικών εφαρμογών. Για την ομαλή μετάβαση από τις καταγεγραμμένες απαιτήσεις σε μοντέλα σχεδιασμού τεκμηριώθηκε και παρουσιάζεται ένα σύνολο κανόνων μετασχηματισμού το οποίο περιγράφηκε αυστηρά με χρήση της Object Constraint Language. Για να αξιοποιηθεί η προτεινόμενη προσέγγιση από μηχανικούς ελέγχου, σχεδιάστηκε και υλοποιήθηκε ένα εργαλείο λογισμικού συμβατό με το πρότυπο IEC61499. Το εργαλείο που έχει το όνομα CORFU ESS έρχεται να υποστηρίξει: α) την φάση της ανάλυσης, β) τον μετασχηματισμό του μοντέλου ανάλυσης σε μοντέλο σχεδιασμού, γ) τον σχεδιασμό εφαρμογών με Function Blocks όπως ορίζει το IEC61499, δ) την κατανομή των Function Block στις συσκευές των βιομηχανικών δικτύων και ε) τον έλεγχο των τελικών Function Block δικτύων. Η προσέγγιση εφαρμόσθηκε σε μελέτες περίπτωσης για να επιδείξει την εφαρμοσιμότητα της προτεινόμενης διαδικασίας, την αποτελεσματικότητα του εργαλείου που αναπτύχθηκε και την δυνατότητα της διαδικασίας και του εργαλείου να καλύψουν απαιτήσεις μικρής ή μεγάλης κλίμακας εφαρμογών. / Following technology’s trends, engineers in the industrial and control sector continuously face problems on developing distributed industrial control applications that should meet various functional, interface, operational and performance requirements by conforming on engineering concerns such as maintainability and reliability. During the development of industrial applications, engineers deal with aspects on device compatibility, software compatibility and software reusability. To deal with these challenges, control engineers are underway in applying Software Engineering practices in the development process of distributed industrial control applications that will enhance reusability, maintainability and will be independent of the underlying platform. A proof of this motion is the standard 61499 of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) which is affected from practices and current trends in Software Engineering. The IEC 61499 standard extends the FB concept of IEC1131 to share many of the well defined and already widely acknowledged benefits of concepts introduced by object technology. This standard describes also a methodology that defines the FB as the main building block and specifies the way that FBs can be used to define robust, re-usable software components that constitute complex IPMCSs. Complete control applications, can be built from networks of FBs that are formed by interconnecting their inputs and outputs. IEC 61499 proposes also that, Engineering Support Systems (ESSs) are highly required to support the whole development process. This dissertation presents a new approach for the design of distributed industrial control applications or Industrial Process Measurement and Control Systems (IPMCSs) as defined in the IEC 61499. The approach defines a methodology for the analysis phase, based on object-oriented concepts, and mainly focuses in the requirements specification and the transformation from the analysis model to the design model. The approach is based on properly defined concepts and adopts modern techniques and latest trends from Software Engineering such as the concept of metamodeling, Model Driven Development (MDL), the Unified Modeling language (UML), UML extensions as defined in UML profiles and applies them to the design of distributed industrial control applications. For the transition from requirements specification to design models a set of transformation rules is presented, formally specified by means of the Object Constraint Language, that are used to later to automate the transition process. Towards the automation and the exploitation from control engineers of the proposed approach, a prototype ESS that supports the development process and is compatible with IEC61499 was implemented. The ESS named CORFU ESS comes to support all the phases of the proposed process: the object-oriented analysis, the automated transformation process from the analysis to the design model, the design with Function Blocks as proposed from the IEC 61499 standard, the verification of Function Block diagrams and the distribution of Function Blocks to industrial field devices. In order to verify the development process, several case studies have been designed and are presented in the context of this dissertation in order to prove: the applicability of the proposed approach, the effectiveness of the implemented prototype ESS and the ability of the approach to cover small and large scale applications.

Cette thèse porte sur la caractérisation des cellules solaires à base de couches minces de kesterite Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe). Au cours des dernières années, une attention croissante a été portée aux cellules solaires kesterite. En effet, Cu, Sn et Zn étant abondants dans la croûte terrestre, les technologies photovoltaïques à base de couches minces absorbantes de kesterite apparaissent comme un candidat prometteur pour la production à grande échelle et à faible coût de cellules solaires. Cependant, les cellules solaires kesterite souffrent d'un sévère déficit de la tension en circuit ouvert (Voc) par rapport aux autres technologies PV, résultant en un écart de performance significatif avec la technologie cousine à base de chalcopyrite (CIGS). Les meilleurs rendements reportés pour la technologie à base de couches minces CIGS sont 22,6%, alors que les cellules solaires kesterite restent en dessous de 13% de rendement. Comprendre les propriétés fondamentales des matériaux et cellules solaires kesterite et résoudre les difficultés liées à leur fabrication sont des points cruciaux pour améliorer les performances de cette technologie.Dans le cadre de cette thèse, différents mécanismes responsables des faibles valeurs de Voc des cellules kesterite ont été identifiés et caractérisés. Deux facteurs principaux y contribuent de manière significative: la recombinaison non radiative et le bandtailing. Ces phénomènes sont liés à la présence de phases secondaires et de défauts impactant l'hétérojonction p-n. Par conséquent, cette thèse se concentre sur la détection des phases secondaires et des défauts et le rôle de la couche tampon de type n. / The present thesis deals with the characterization of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) kesterite thin film solar cells. Over the last years, kesterite based devices have attracted growing attention. As Cu, Sn and Zn are earth-abundant metals, the kesterite compounds are promising candidates as absorber materials for the mass production of low-cost photovoltaic devices. However, kesterite solar cells suffer from a severe open circuit voltage (Voc) deficit in comparison with other PV technologies, resulting in a significant performance gap between thin film kesterite and chalcopyrite (CIGS) based devices. Best reported efficiencies for the related CIGS thin film technology are 22.6% at cell size and 17.9% for a commercial module – very close to the performance of Si solar cells – while kesterite solar cells remain below 13% power conversion efficiency. Understanding the fundamental properties of kesterite materials and devices and solving challenges associated with their fabrication are the key to improve device performances.In the framework of this thesis, different loss mechanisms related to the low Voc values of kesterite solar cells have been identified and characterized. Two major factors are thereby observed to be responsible for the significant Voc deficit: non-radiative recombination and band tailing. These aspects are related to the presence of secondary phases and defects that have a significant impact on the pn-heterojunction. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the detection of secondary phases and defects and the role of the n-type buffer layer.

L’intérêt pour la paroi de la levure s’est accru récemment par l’explosion des activités de bioraffineries augmentant la production de biomasse, et par le besoin de valoriser cette biomasse dans d’autres débouchés comme en nutrition animale et en œnologie pour leurs propriétés probiotiques et de sorption. Le but de cette thèse était de combiner des approches biochimiques, biophysiques et les puces à ADN afin d'étudier les relations entre ces paramètres ainsi que de mettre en évidence l'impact des souches, des conditions de croissance et des procédés sur la composition et les propriétés biophysiques de la paroi cellulaire. Une méthode acido-enzymatique a été développée pour quantifier spécifiquement chacun des quatre composants de la paroi cellulaire de la levure, à savoir les mannanes, la chitine, les β-1,3-glucanes et les β-1,6-glucanes. Cette méthode a été validée sur des souches mutantes et a permis d’évaluer les effets de divers stress. Ultérieurement, l'utilisation de la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) a permis l'étude des mêmes souches et de quatre souches utilisées dans la fermentation industrielle. Ils ont démontré des propriétés nanomécaniques et adhésives distinctes, en raison de différences dans la composition et la structure de la paroi cellulaire. Dans la dernière partie, les effets du procédé d’autolyse et du séchage à lit fluidisé sont présentés. Ce procédé industriel ne modifie pas la composition de la paroi cellulaire, mais induit une modification de la topographie et des propriétés de surface de la cellule. En outre, en utilisant l'AFM nous avons imagés sur S. cerevisiae des patchs hautement adhésifs formant des nanodomaines à la surface de la cellule. / Due to increasing yeast biomass production resulting from the expansion of the Biorefinery as an alternative to petrol-based energy, the yeast cell wall is receiving an increasing interest as an added value product targeting agro-nutrition markets, such as in animal nutrition and in wine for its probiotic and sorption properties. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to combine DNA microarrays, biochemical and biophysical approaches in order to investigate the relationships between these parameters as well as to highlight the impact of strains, growth conditions and processes on the cell wall composition and biophysical properties. To achieve this objective, an acido-enzymatic method was developed to specifically quantify each of the four components of the yeast cell wall, namely mannan, chitin, β-1,3-glucan and β-1,6-glucan. This method was validated on mutant strains and allowed highlighten various stresses effects. Then, the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has allowed investigating the same strains and four strains used in industrial fermentation. They demonstrated distinct nanomechanical and adhesive properties, due to differences in their cell wall structure and composition. In the last part, the effects of the autolysis and fluid-bed drying processes are presented. This industrial process does not change the composition of the cell wall but induces a modification in topography and surface properties of the cell. Moreover, using AFM we imaged on S. cerevisiae cell surface highly adhesive patches forming nanodomains.

This diploma work presented, analyzes current sort of quality management of work progress in BONAR company and gives reccomendation on how to improve on it. The proposed section, using methods and tools address the identified non-compliance and makes recommendations for future development in the manufacturing process as the company Bonar.

Die zunehmende Gewöhnung von Benutzern an neue Interaktionskonzepte und Endgeräte ermöglicht deren Einführung in industriellen Umgebungen. Daraus folgen Anwendungsszena-rien, in denen es, selbst während der Bearbeitung einer einzelnen Arbeitsaufgabe, zu häufigen Änderungen in der Zusammensetzung der verwendeten Geräte kommt. Dies motiviert die Entwicklung migrierbarer Benutzungsschnittstellen (MUI). In diesem Beitrag stellen wir zu-nächst die anerkannte Theorie der MUIs vor, inklusive verschiedener Klassifikationsmerkma-le und spiegeln diese an den Anforderungen der Automatisierungstechnik. Anhand dessen diskutieren wir anschließend zwei Anwendungsszenarien. Die Analyse verwandter Arbeiten zeigt auf, dass existierende Ansätze nur eingeschränkt in diesen Szenarien eingesetzt werden können. Am Ende stellen wir eine Fallstudie vor, die die Anwendbarkeit von MUIs in industriel-len Prozessvisualisierungen demonstriert.:1. Einleitung 2. Migratorische Benutzungsschnittstellen 2.1 Einführung 2.2 Klassifikationsmerkmale 3. Anforderungen industrieller Visualisierungen an ein migratorisches UI 3.1 Anforderungen an Software und Engineering 3.2 Struktur und Funktionalität 3.3 Diskussion 4. Beispielhafte Anwendungsszenarien 5. Fallstudie 5.1 Existierende Prototypen 5.2 Konzeption einer Migrationslösung 6. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick / Due to familiarization of users with modern interaction concepts and devices, they become interesting for industrial environments as well. These devices enable use cases where users change the set of applied devices, even during handling one single task. This fosters the de-sign of migratory user interfaces (MUI) which can be transferred freely between devices, in order to follow according to a user’s device changes. Hence, in this paper the generally ac-cepted theory, including a set of identified classifiers for MUIs, is being analyzed with respect to the demands of the domain of industrial process visualizations. Moreover, we discuss two use cases. Our review of the related work revealed only a limited applicability in those use cases. In order to demonstrate an MUI’s usefulness in industrial process visualizations, we finally present our own case study.:1. Einleitung 2. Migratorische Benutzungsschnittstellen 2.1 Einführung 2.2 Klassifikationsmerkmale 3. Anforderungen industrieller Visualisierungen an ein migratorisches UI 3.1 Anforderungen an Software und Engineering 3.2 Struktur und Funktionalität 3.3 Diskussion 4. Beispielhafte Anwendungsszenarien 5. Fallstudie 5.1 Existierende Prototypen 5.2 Konzeption einer Migrationslösung 6. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick

In today’s market, digitization and automation are crucial for the survival of most companies due to the high level of software already present. The need to adapt to the demands of the day, forces a big mechanical company to perform a paradigm shift towards becoming a software producing company as well. However, the current systems are limited, they are not developed for such a change. Machines in the construction industry are complicated vehicles that require careful configuration by the operators. Each operator may have their own personal preference of how the settings of a construction machine should be configured in order to get full utilization. The problem for the operators revolves around the current situation of frequently having to configure these settings each time operating a machine, requiring time. Consequently, creating the risk of operators neglecting the configuration. Therefore, the problem of the thesis is that there is no existing system of how to facilitate this reoccurring activity. The purpose of this thesis is to prove the usefulness of introducing a mobile application as the missing system for when operators switch machines, through a proof of concept. The proof of concept suggests a quality approach towards the first steps in automating the work environment of operators for construction machines. The objective is to improve the efficiency of the workflow by saving the operators machine settings in a profile, in order to transfer the settings between the machines. The goal is to investigate and deliver a proof of concept for how to store and transfer the personal settings in a useful manner. Due to the limited time of the thesis, the starting focus is placed on wheel loaders with the research limited to one specific type of machine. The thesis consists of a qualitative study, analysing inductively from details to produce abstractions and hypotheses. The agile design science research method applied to the research, was evaluated continuously in the different phases and iterations of the thesis plan to adjust to improvements reviewed as necessary. The observational research includes an explorative and evaluative aspect, first to form an idea and consequently to prove the idea. A design of an user interface of a mobile application served as a method to support the evaluation. The result for the thesis is the proof of concept of a useful mobile application system to automate the personal settings of the construction machines. The evidence is supported by information gathered during the pre-study and the demonstration of a small prototype tested by engineers as well as the intended users, the operators. The questionnaires prove the prototype to be a useful improvement in the operators daily work environment. The documentation and suggested system construction are approved by the target audience to be viable and of value. / På dagens marknad är digitalisering och automatisering avgörande för de flesta företags överlevnad på grund av den höga nivån av mjukvara som redan finns. Behovet av att anpassa sig till dagens krav tvingar ett stort mekaniskt företag att utföra ett paradigmskifte mot att också bli ett mjukvaruproducerande företag. De nuvarande systemen är dock begränsade, de är inte utvecklade för en sådan förändring. Maskiner inom byggbranschen är komplicerade fordon som kräver noggrann konfiguration av operatörerna. Varje operatör kan ha sina egna personliga preferenser för hur inställningarna för en entreprenadmaskin ska konfigureras för att få fullt utnyttjande. Problemet för operatörerna kretsar kring den nuvarande situationen att ofta behöva konfigurera dessa inställningar varje gång man använder en maskin, vilket kräver tid. Följaktligen skapar risken för att operatorer försummar konfigurationen. Därför är problemet med avhandlingen att det inte finns något befintligt system för hur man kan underlätta denna återkommande aktivitet. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att bevisa användbarheten av att introducera en mobilapplikation som det saknade systemet för när operatörer byter maskin, genom ett proof of concept. proof of concept antyder ett kvalitetstänkande mot de första stegen i att automatisera arbetsmiljön för operatörer för entreprenadmaskiner. Målet är att förbättra effektiviteten i arbetsflödet genom att spara operatörens maskininställningar i en profil, för att överföra inställningarna mellan maskinerna. Målet är att undersöka och leverera ett proof of concept för hur man lagrar och överför de personliga inställningarna på ett användbart sätt. På grund av projektets begränsade tid läggs startfokus på hjullastare med forskningen begränsad till en specifik maskintyp. Projektet består av en kvalitativ studie, som induktivt analyserar från detaljer för att producera abstraktioner och hypoteser. Den agila designvetenskapliga forskningsmetoden som tillämpades på projektet utvärderades kontinuerligt i de olika faserna och iterationerna av projektplanen för att anpassa sig till förbättringar som granskades vid behov. Observationsforskningen innefattar en utforskande och utvärderande aspekt, först för att bilda en idé och följaktligen för att bevisa idén. En design av ett användargränssnitt för en mobilapplikation fungerade som en metod för att stödja utvärderingen. Resultatet för avhandlingen är ett bevis på konceptet för användbarheten av det mobila applikationssystemet för att automatisera entreprenadmaskinernas personliga inställningar. Bevisen stöds av information som samlats in under förstudien och demonstrationen av en liten prototyp som testats av ingenjörer såväl som de tilltänkta användarna, operatörerna. Enkäterna visar att prototypen är en användbar förbättring i operatörens dagliga arbetsmiljö. Dokumentationen och den föreslagna systemkonstruktionen godkänns av målgruppen för att vara lönsam och av värde.