Les grilles et les clouds sont deux types aujourd'hui largement répandus de systèmes informatiques distribués (en anglais DCS). Ces DCS sont des systèmes complexes au sens où leur comportement global émergent résulte de l'interaction décentralisée de ses composants, et n'est pas guidée directement de manière centralisée. Dans notre étude, nous présentons un modèle de système complexe qui gère de manière la plus efficace possible les ressources d'un DCS. Les entités d'un DCS réagissent à l'instabilité du système et s'ajustent aux conditions environnementales pour optimiser la performance du système. La structure des réseaux d'interaction qui permettent un accès rapide et sécurisé aux ressources disponibles est étudiée, et des améliorations proposées. / Grids and clouds are types of currently widely known distributed computing systems or DCSs. DCSs are complex systems in the sense that their emergent global behavior results from decentralized interaction of its parts and is not guided directly from a central point. In our study, we present a complex system model that efficiently manages the ressources of a DCS. The entities of the DCS react to system instability and adjust their environmental condtions for optimizing system performance. The structure of the interaction networks that allow fast and reliable access to available resources is studied and improvements ar proposed.

Bakgrund: Digitaliseringens utveckling har medfört en tilltagande mängd information samt en omfördelning av standardiserade arbetsuppgifter till ett kvalificerat arbete. Dessa konsekvenser har influerat ekonomifunktionen till högre krav på hantering av information och en förändring av ekonomens roll. Det belyses även att digitalisering av ekonomifunktionens standardiserade processer ger upphov till effektivitet men ingen vidare förståelse avseende hur detta influerar de icke-standardiserade processerna och ekonomens roll.    Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur digitaliseringens utveckling påverkar ekonomifunktionens processer och därav vilka arbetsuppgifter som är möjliga att digitalisera. Vidare ämnar studien att analysera konsekvenserna, avseende krav på informationshantering samt ekonomens förändrade roll, som uppstår vid digitalisering av ekonomifunktionens processer. Studien avser därmed att utvidga befintlig kunskap genom att förklara relationen mellan processer, hantering av information samt ekonomens förändrade roll.     Metod: För att uppfylla studiens syfte har en fallstudie på tre fallföretag genomförts, där semistrukturerade intervjuer har utgjort grunden för empirisk datainsamling. Intervjuerna har genomförts för att skapa en helhetsuppfattning av digitaliseringens påverkan på ekonomifunktionen.    Slutsats: Det kan konstateras att relationerna mellan ekonomifunktionens processer, hanteringen av information samt ekonomens förändrade roll är avgörande för att uppnå en effektiv ekonomifunktion. Ekonomens analytiska- samt digitala kompetens i kombination med digitala system möjliggör för god informationshantering där värdefull information genereras. Detta främjar till ett större fokus vid de icke-standardiserade processerna och därmed ekonomens förmåga att analysera information och generera ett välgrundat beslutsunderlag. / Background: The development of the digitalization has brought an increasing amount of information as well as a redistribution of standardized activities to a more qualified work. These implications have influenced the accounting function with higher qualification of the information management and an evolution of the role of the economist. It is clear that the digitalization of the accounting function standardized processes has facilitated effectivity. However, there is a lack of understanding about how the non-standardized processes and the role of the economist have been affected by this.    Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe how the development of the digitalization is affecting the processes of the accounting function as well as what tasks that are possible to be digitalized. The aim is also to analyze the implications regarding the qualifications of the information management as well as the evolving role of the economist, that is influenced by the digitalization of the accounting function. The purpose with this study is also to contribute with greater knowledge by explaining the relationship between processes, information management and the evolving role of the economist.   Method: To fulfill the purpose of the study, a case study of three companies has been carried out, where semi-structured interviews have formed the basis for empirical data collection. The interviews have been conducted to create an overall view of the impact of digitization on the accounting function.   Conclusion: It can be concluded that the relations between the processes of the accounting function, the information management and the evolving role of the economist are crucial for achieving an efficient accounting function. The economist’s analytical and digital competence combined with digital systems enable a beneficial information management which create valuable information. This enable greater focus of the non-standardized processes and the economist ability to analyze the information and elaborate a favorable basis for decisions.

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The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to explore the information practices present in hobby genealogy. The thesis uses a qualitative content analysis to analyse two popular Swedish genealogy magazines published between 2016 and 2019. The study investigates the information sources, objects, competences and emotions that the practice is built on. Our theoretical framework is centred around Reckwitz’ ideas of practice theory (2002), and the practice theory model introduced by Shove, Pantzar, and Watson (2012). The study finds that the information practices within hobby genealogy are heterogenous and extensive, and that information is a central part of the practice. The study also finds that emotions and motivations are important parts of understanding how the practice is maintained.

A well-structured and coordinated information management practice is central to promoting efficiency in construction. Building information management encompasses authoring, interpretation, communication, coordination and storage of building information. The benefits envisioned by utilizing IT developments such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the facility management and operations (FM&amp;O) sector are estimated to be far greater than in other sectors. There is, however, a gap between the knowledge available in the field of building information management and the actual demands of the architectural, engineering, construction and operation (AECO) industry, especially the FM&amp;O sector. The overall aim of this qualitative research is to develop knowledge that conceptualizes the lifecycle supporting implementation of BIM in the AECO industry with a focus on its implications for a BIM-enabled FM&amp;O practice. This applied research comprises a number of summative and formative components: paper 1 investigates the existing and emerging information management systems for the FM&amp;O sector and their characteristics. The focus of paper 2 is narrowed down to the technical requirements on building information management systems; while its temporal scope spans the entire lifecycle of buildings. Paper 3 is a further elaboration on the findings of paper 1 and covers the technical requirements of BIM-implementation in the FM&amp;O sector. Paper 4 investigates workflows – another category of the issues identified in paper 1. Paper 1 aims to provide a general understanding of the importance and implications of implementing BIM-enabled systems in the FM&amp;O sector and also identifies the main categories of the issues associated with this approach. This literary paper reports on a basic research with a descriptive approach and builds upon the information from a non-exhaustive set of literature. In this paper, workflows, contracts and information technology have been identified as three categories of the issues associated with implementing BIM-enabled systems in the FM&amp;O sector. Paper 2 is also a literary research which draws on the notion of BIM repositories and aims to clarify the technical requirements for a more collaborative building industry as well as depicting the current status of building knowledge management technologies, recent trends and future prospects. Open format BIM repositories have been suggested as the cornerstones of an integrated information management system for AECO firms. The aim of paper 3 is twofold: firstly, to summarize the current status of the building information management technologies applied in the facility operation activities and identifying prevailing issues; secondly, to devise some technical solutions for those issues based on a case project. In the first part of this study, a summarized description of information management configurations in eleven projects were extracted from literature and the technical issues within those systems were identified. Moreover, five major categories of contemporary technical solutions for enhancing information transfer from BIM to FM&amp;O software were designated. Then, a narrative and illustrative representation and reconstruction of an IT-implementation project was developed. Paper 4 is another literary study which aims to provide the theoretical basis for more focused studies on existing and desired processes in the FM&amp;O sector and their associated information transactions. In this paper, firstly, the more common definitions of the key concepts have been revisited and discussed. Then, the generic types of the processes, activities and organizational roles common to FM&amp;O firms, the types of information required by each actor and how such information are acquired have been presented. / <p>QC 20150423</p>

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The intention of this thesis is to take a closer look at the information practices of SFI students, a group that is not researched much in regards to their behavior of handling, processing and searching for information and news. This was done using a survey that was sent out to 90 students at an SFI school and it resulted in 59 students answering, furthermore this empirical data was then analyzed using Reckwitz (2002) basic ideas about practice theory, further built on Shove, Pantzar &amp; Watsons (2012) thoughts on the different concepts, as well as Savolainen's (2007, 2008) thoughts on information practice. Findings show that a majority of the respondents search for both information and news with the help of the internet, and furthermore is sharing as well as receiving information and news to and from others of great importance. The study also finds that the respondents think of information as knowledge and learning, and that information and news is something that can be helpful in regards to being aware of ones surroundings and the rest of the world. Findings show as well that the global COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact in regards to how the respondents search for information and news, and how they perceive it.

HIV/AIDS is an illness that is more correlated than any other with high rates of stigmatization and discrimination. People diagnosed with this illness have to cope with a new potentially life threatning situation and stigmatized identity. Common social interactions or heath complications become a potential source of confrontation, which can endanger social relations, or damage and spoil the identity of people living with HIV/AIDS. This study jointly analyzes the concept of social and health risks, stigmatization and identity and focuses on the following: 1) The process of coping with the diagnosis and its impact on the identity and everyday life of people living with HIV/AIDS 2) The role of accessible social networks on the coping process with this illness and stigmatization; and 3) The strategies of health and social risk management used in connection with this illness. Awareness and acquisition of information on HIV/AIDS plays an important role in overcomming the initial shock of the diagnosis and coping with the disease. Thanks to the support of social networks, the diagnosed person can reach much easier and faster the so called "rational approach" to the illness and safely awknowledge and accept HIV/AIDS as a part of his or her life. People living with HIV/AIDS also face many risks. In this...

Resource sharing is considered to be one of the most important pillars of library service, because no single library can meet all the needs of its users. Libraries have always cooperated to meet the increasing demands of users by sharing their resources. In the past few decades, the need to establish library consortia emerged more strongly as libraries began to take advantage of technology to improve access to information and service delivery. There has been a notable increase in the formation of library consortia on the African continent. South Africa has taken the lead both in the amount of established consortia and the number of member libraries within them. This development accompanied the implementation of common library systems in consortia, where a single system is adopted by all member libraries. In the Southern African region, the library system called INNOPAC/Millennium Pac has already been adopted by consortia and libraries in Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. The recently-established Lesotho Library Consortium (LELICO) also recognized the need for a comprehensive investigation to identify a common system that will effectively meet the needs of its member libraries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the successes and limitations of the INNOPAC library system operating in consortia and libraries in the Southern African region, in order to assess its suitability for LELICO. The study focused on two South African consortia (The Gauteng and Environs Library Consortium – GAELIC, and The Free State Library and Information Consortium - FRELICO), two university libraries (Namibia and Zimbabwe) and one agricultural college library (Botswana) in the Southern African region that use the system. A special emphasis was the criteria of assessment that would apply to a small, multi-type consortium in a developing country like Lesotho. Data was collected through a literature search, questionnaires, interviews, site visits, and analysis of policy and institutional documents. The target groups of the study were the library managers, system managers, and library professionals of selected GAELIC and FRELICO libraries, and the system managers of the three selected libraries in the region. The study found that the INNOPAC library system is performing satisfactorily in the chosen consortia and libraries, and that it has a positive impact on them. It performed to a high standard in all the key areas, and this may be attributed to keeping abreast of the latest developments in the library world, and offering a range of services that meet the needs of libraries. The study found further that the INNOPAC library system contributed towards increased productivity, improved customer services, and better decision making in the two consortia. However, direct access to members’ holdings was restricted by a decentralized server model adopted by these consortia. This and other lessons shaped a proposal for the implementation and management of the INNOPAC library system in LELICO. A proposed model recommends a central server as a more cost-effective management solution. The model also explains the mode of operation by member libraries and the coordinated structures that would implement and manage the INNOPAC library system, adapted to the specific requirements of a small, multi-type consortium in a developing country like Lesotho. Given its successful performance in consortia and libraries across Southern African countries, the study recommends further research into the advantages and challenges of INNOPAC for wider regional library cooperation. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Information Science / unrestricted

Technological standards appear to be needed in undergraduate nursing education, as existing research has yet to establish technological standards for undergraduate nursing students. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the lived experiences of senior nursing students with respect to their perceptions regarding exposure to and abilities gained in the areas of information management, information literacy, and computer literacy. The framework of the study was based on Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and the Dreyfus model of skills acquisition. Using a phenomenological approach, in-depth face-to-face interviews were used with a purposive sample to collect data about the technological competencies taught to 12 participants during their nursing education. The key research questions pertained to senior-level nursing students' perceptions regarding their educational exposure to technological skills, the level of competencies achieved, and technology's impact on patient care. A thematic analysis was done. The findings from this research study are that students' technological exposure appears to vary and that there is a need for uniform exposure during their nursing education. The results of this research revealed that most students were confident about computer literacy but needed to strengthen their knowledge related to information management and information literacy. Implications for social change is a better understanding of technological competencies offered, or still needing to be included, in undergraduate nursing syllabi. Further positive social change implications of the study for health services include the promotion of clear technological graduation standards for nursing graduates entering the health care workforce.