Magister Commercii (Information Management) - MCom(IM) / Digital inclusion, through the development of appropriate e-skills, is widely recognised as an essential means of capitalising on the opportunities presented by the information age for social and economic advancement. However, South Africa has not yet clarified its policy of digital inclusion. It has only just begun to tackle the challenge of developing an e-skilled society. As yet there is not an enabling e-skills framework and national implementation strategies are still at an early stage. The conceptual framework for the delivery of e-skills for digital inclusion specifically in the Western Cape of South Africa, which was developed as part of this study, could therefore make a substantial contribution to local research. Certain areas surveyed in this study have been overlooked, underestimated or have yet to be explored by local researchers, while existing research on related areas is generally fragmented and studied in isolation, despite the high interrelationship between the various areas. The conceptual framework that has been compiled offers a coherent holistic perspective, and depicts the logical flow from digital exclusion to inclusion in the Western Cape context. It identifies: (i) the groups most in need of focused inclusion efforts; (ii) significant barriers to inclusion; (iii) specific e-skill clusters for digital inclusion; (iv) guidelines for delivering these e-skills; and (v) the objectives of digital inclusion that the Western Cape should strive to attain. Each of these research areas has been investigated in the context of an on-going provincial e-skills for digital inclusion initiative, focused on training (largely marginalised) community e-centre employees. The qualitative research used semi-structured interviews with ten recently trained individuals, as well as three programme facilitators. Overall, digital inclusion in the Western Cape is conceived as a gradual process, initially concerned with achieving relatively basic objectives such as enabling citizens to access information and increasing the use of ICT in the province. It is envisioned that these short-term outcomes will eventually translate into longer-term advantages for individuals as well as the larger society. Having the appropriate knowledge and attitudes is as important for digital inclusion as having skills. Therefore the term ‘digital competence’ is preferable to ‘e-skills’. The competence areas include combinations of technical and cognitive abilities, the latter being more relevant to the broader inclusion impacts, yet more challenging to instil. These findings, which have been combined with strongly learner-centred guidelines, are presented in the conceptual ‘Digital Competence for Digital Inclusion’ framework. It is hoped that curriculum developers will give serious consideration to this framework and the recommendations contained in this study. It could form a useful basis for the development of digital inclusion throughout the country and e-skills related academic research.

The study analyzes teachers’ self-perceived digital competence at a private university in Lima, Peru. A non-experimental comparative level design was used through non-parametric techniques. The DigCompEdu CheckIn tool of 25 items was applied with a Likert scale. The results indicate the need to (a) validate the questionnaire and have a measure of the construct with solid and stable psychometric properties; (b) compare these findings with those found in other MetaRed Peru institutions, as a point of contrast, to develop strategies that encourage teachers to continue their digital literacy; and (c) identify which interventions in informal settings help teachers develop their digital competence. © 2020 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

The purpose of the study is to highlight educators' preferences and attitudes towards tablet in preschool by describing the use of this digital tool in the preschool educational activities. The use of tablet in preschool is in the study looked upon as a phenomenon. The description of the phenomenon is built on the analysis and interpretation of educators' statements about it. The research questions focus on the following aspects: educators' attitudes towards the tablet and its use in pre-school educational activities, the tablet's current area of use, the culture surrounding the use of this digital tool and the educators’ statements about advantages and disadvantages of tablet's use in preschool. The survey’s data collection method is qualitative interviews and the analysis is based on the phenomenological approach. The survey results are discussed related to previous research on children's digital skills at an early age as well as recent research on the tablet and its use in pre-school educational activities. In the final description of the phenomenon it is clear that the educators, who participate in this study, have a generally positive attitude towards using the tablet in preschool. However, according to the interviews, the use of this digital tool seems to be both multifaceted and a complex phenomenon.

<p>This analysis is about the fourth basic competence and how you can define it, what it includes and if it is possible to find it in the new curriculum for the Swedish high school; Gymnasiereformen -07. The analysis was focused on the following subjects; Mathematics, Social science and Swedish. The aim with this analysis has been to create a summary in the field of information literacy and to define the fourth basic competence. The analysis were focused on and delimited by the following conceptions; information literacy, digital competence and the information search process. The sources of information has primarily been taken from the field of information literacy and statements from professionals in the fields of information literacy and education. The analysis concludes that you can find the fourth basic competence in the new curriculum for the subjects, Mathematics, Social science and Swedish.</p>

This analysis is about the fourth basic competence and how you can define it, what it includes and if it is possible to find it in the new curriculum for the Swedish high school; Gymnasiereformen -07. The analysis was focused on the following subjects; Mathematics, Social science and Swedish. The aim with this analysis has been to create a summary in the field of information literacy and to define the fourth basic competence. The analysis were focused on and delimited by the following conceptions; information literacy, digital competence and the information search process. The sources of information has primarily been taken from the field of information literacy and statements from professionals in the fields of information literacy and education. The analysis concludes that you can find the fourth basic competence in the new curriculum for the subjects, Mathematics, Social science and Swedish.

The aim of the study is to learn more about the way preschool teachers work with Information and Communication Technology(ICT). More specifically, this study aims to explore how preschool teachers describe their experience of ICT, the conditions and opportunities to work with ICT, and their own knowledge and competence in the use of digital tools with preschool children. The research method consists of interviews with preschool teachers and observations at five municipal preschools in Stockholm as well as an analysis of the relevant passages in the Curriculum for the Preschool and the Curriculum of Stockholm city. This study shows that there seems to be great variation in the amount of ICT tools present in preschools. Preschool teachers expect a lot from ICT, and the improvements that it can make on their work. They express that the preschool has to meet the demands of an ever-developing society with respect to information and technology. They also recognize the importance of letting children use ICT tools, which are already familiar in the home environment. In the preschool, ICT is used as a part of the teacher-led activities and in theme work with the child group. Experience-based activities are also created with ICT tools. The rules and norms regulating ICT at the preschools include how the new devices, especially the tablets, should be used in preschool activities and what the mutual approaches at the preschools should be. These discussions are still active in this study and the preschool teachers seem to be looking for a quick fix, a simple manual that can lead them forward in their work with ICT.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av digitaliseringens betydelse för professionen med möjligheter och utmaningar inom olika verksamhetsområden. Metod: 9 semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med arbetsterapeuter och insamlad data analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Digitaliseringens inverkan på arbetsterapeuters dagliga arbete innebär många möjligheter men också utmaningar. Vardagsteknik påverkar och förändrar det administrativa arbetet, mötet med klienterna och det organisatoriska arbetet. En konsekvens är en påverkad arbetsmiljö. Ibland ses också risker med digitaliseringen. Förutsättningarna för att använda sig av vardagsteknik i professionen varierar hos arbetsterapeuterna. Det handlar om tillgång till eller brist på resurser i form av utrustning, tid och kompetens. Oftast finns tillgång till tekniskt stöd men arbetsterapeuterna ser ett behov av kompetensutveckling, också för att kunna vara uppdaterade i klientrelationen.Slutsats: Studien visar arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av digitaliseringens betydelse för professionen med möjligheter och utmaningar inom olika verksamhetsområden. Studien visar att digital kompetens är och kommer att vara en förutsättning för arbetsterapeutens dagliga arbete. Vidare visar studien att en fungerande digitalisering ställer krav på resurser och också ett kritiskt förhållningssätt. Behov finns av ytterligare forskning inom ämnet då det i dagsläget finns få studier som åskådliggör digitaliseringens betydelse för arbetsterapeuter. / Aim: The aim of this study was to describe occupational therapists' experiences of the importance of digitalization for the profession with its opportunities and challenges in different areas of activity. Method: 9 semistructured interviews were conducted with occupational therapists and collected data were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis.Results: The impact of digitalization on occupational therapists’ day-to-day work presents many opportunities but also challenges. Everyday technology influences and changes the administrative work, client meetings and also the organizational work. A consequence is also an affected work environment. Sometimes risks are also seen in relation to digitalization. The conditions for using everyday technology in the profession vary among the occupational therapists. It comes to access to or lack of resources such as equipment, time and skills. There is usually access to technical support but the occupational therapists see an upcoming need for competence development, also in order to be updated along with the client. Conclusion: The study shows occupational therapists' experiences of the importance of digitalization for the profession with its opportunities and challenges in different areas of activity. The study shows that digital competence is and will be a prerequisite for the day-to-day work of the occupational therapist. Furthermore, the study shows that a good working digitalization requires resources and also critical thinking. There is a need for further research in the field as there are currently few studies that illustrate the importance of digitalization for occupational therapists.

The purpose of this study is to examine how preschool teachers use the tablet as a digital tool for children's language development. Interviews are the method used in the work. Three preschool teachers and a special pedagogue have been interviewed in the study. The result of the study shows that preschool teachers and the special pedagogue, the respondents, have knowledge of the tablet as a digital tool for children's language development. It differs slightly from the respondents. The result also shows that preschool teachers’ definition of digital literacy is about knowledge in the use of digital tools: tablets, computers and projectors, in terms of both software and hardware. Preschool teachers also feel that digital literacy is a tool for teachers and children in learning. The special pedagogue believes that with digital skills, children can use the digital tools. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förskollärare använder surfplattan som ett digitalt verktyg för barns språkutveckling. Intervjuer är den metod som använts i arbetet. Tre förskollärare och en specialpedagog har intervjuats i studien. Resultatet av studien visar att förskollärarna och specialpedagogen, respondenterna, har  kunskap om surfplattan som ett digitalt verktyg för barns språkutveckling. Det skiljer sig en aning mellan respondenterna. Resultatet visar också på att förskollärarnas definition av digital kompetens handlar om kunskap i att använda digitala verktyg: surfplattor, datorer och projektorer, både vad gäller mjukvara och hårdvara. Förskollärarna menar också att den digitala kompetensen är ett verktyg för pedagoger och barn i lärandet. Specialpedagogen anser att med digital kompetens menas, att barnen kan använda de digitala verktygen, samt att de vet innebörden av användandet av appar och dess innehåll och inte bara använder sig av dra-och-släppa-strategin[1]. [1] Dra-och-släppa-strategi menas att barnet spelar spelt på surfplattan utan att reflektera över hur appen fungerar, bara för att vinna eller att få så många stjärnor som möjligt (Nilsen, 2014, s. 93-94). Ett exempel på en sådan situationen kan vara att barnen ska lägga alla äpplen i korgen, men barnet börjar med päronen och sedan bananen efter ett får barnet slumpmässigt ner alla äpplena i korgen.

The aim of this study was to shed light on the current situation regarding teachers' conditions and attitudes considering the new updated version of curriculum. This study was carried out amongst teachers teaching special education pupils in primary and secondary school through semistructured interviews. The result showed some successful exampels of intentional quality management both on principal level and beyond but on the other hand the study also made clear there are some shortcomings to be considered before we seriously can speak of equivalence in digital competence education for all Swedish pupils. The authors suggest structured developement, SKA (Systematiskt kvalitetsarbete) together with the TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) framework to successfully implement the revised curricula to achieve digital competent teachers who can educate digital competent pupils to match future digital challanges.

Allt fler skolor satsar på digitalisering och köper in egna datorer till eleverna. I samband med detta ställs det krav på eleverna att de skall kunna hantera tekniken och vara digitalt komp-etenta. Digital kompetens ses som en viktig del för elever att besitta och för att fungera i vårt samhällsliv. Detta är dock ingenting som skolan vi studerat främjar då de inte bidrar till en ökad digital kompetens hos eleverna. Det finns forskare som däremot anser att det är i skolan som eleverna bör få sin digitala kompetens. Forskning som genomförts inom digital komp-etens hos elever har visat att det dels finns en variation bland eleverna samtidigt som annan forskning har visat att elevers kompetensnivå anses vara allmänt låg när de ska utföra komp-lexa uppgifter. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka gymnasieelevers digitala kompetens inom ordbehandling. Studien har utförts på en gymnasieskola där vi har gjort en enkätundersökning. Enkäten delades ut till samtliga klasser och elever i årskurs tre. Dessutom har vi genomfört en fokusgruppsintervju. Resultatet av enkäten visade att eleverna har grundläggande kunskaper och färdigheter inom ordbehandlingsprogram. Resultatet av fokusgruppsintervjun visade att eleverna använder datorn främst till att skriva uppsatser och att eleverna inte har fått någon större utbildning för användning av deras datorer. Den enda datorutbildningen som skolan erbjudit har skett i början av årskurs ett vid skolstart när eleverna fick sina egna datorer. / More and more schools are investing in digitization and buy their own computers to students. In this correlation, it required the students to manage the technology and be digitally com-petent. Digital competence is seen as an important part for students to have and to function in our society. However, this is nothing schools we studied promotes as they do not contribute to an increase digital literacy of students. Some researchers, however, believe that it is the school that students should receive their digital skills. Research conducted within the digital compe-tence of students have shown that the coexistence of a variety among the students while other research has shown that students' skill level is considered to be generally low when to perform complex tasks. The purpose of this study is to investigate high school students' digital comp-etence in word processing. The study was performed at a high school where we have had a survey which was distributed to all classes and students in grade three and a focus group interview. The survey results showed that students have basic knowledge and skills in word processing. The results of the focus group interview showed that students use the computer mainly to write essays and that students have not had any major training for the use of their computers. The only computer training school offered occurred at the beginning of first grade when they start school when students got their own computers.