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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Informações e escolha no parto: perspectivas das mulheres usuárias do SUS e da Saúde Suplementar / Informed choice and childbirth: women´s perspectives: pulic and health insurance consumers

Bianca Alves de Oliveira Zorzam 30 July 2013 (has links)
Introdução O direito à escolha informada das mulheres sobre suas vivências na gravidez e no parto é fruto do percurso histórico dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, respaldados em bases éticas da autonomia, integridade corporal, igualdade e diversidade. No Brasil, sua história política e social vem sendo construída por meio da interlocução com o movimento de mulheres e os aparelhos governamentais, propulsionando políticas públicas que os garantam. Entretanto, as desigualdades de gênero no âmbito do conhecimento médico-científico levaram a uma leitura pessimista acerca do corpo feminino, que trata a experiência do parto como um evento patológico, dependente da tecnologia e de intervenções desnecessárias na assistência. Objetivo Descrever e analisar a perspectiva das mulheres sobre a dinâmica da disponibilização, acesso e qualidade das informações no pré-natal para as negociações do tipo de parto e os procedimentos da assistência focados na episiotomia, ocitocina e acompanhante, nas redes de saúde pública e suplementar. Metodologia Estudo qualitativo, alicerçado nas perspectivas teóricas de gênero e dos direitos reprodutivos, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas de três tipos (por email, Skype e presencial), com 26 mulheres assistidas nos dois setores de saúde, em diversas regiões do país. Resultados Embora garantido pela política pública, ainda é difícil o acesso das mulheres às informações de qualidade que favoreçam suas escolhas e decisões de parto e intervenções na assistência. Essa dificuldade está imbricada em fatores sociais, econômicos, culturais e de gênero que transferem o poder de decisão sobre o tipo de parto e de intervenções no parto normal para os profissionais médicos e suas instituições. Conclusões Frequentemente, a disponibilização das informações no pré-natal foi insuficiente nos dois setores de saúde, revelando o silêncio em torno do parto. No pré-natal, as mulheres não são incentivadas à busca ativa por informações; e, quando elas existem, são imprecisas e desconsideram os seus direitos reprodutivos. Mesmo quando existe o acesso às informações da rota específica da humanização não há total garantia da possibilidade de negociação. Além disso, nem todas as mulheres conseguem acessá-la. De modo geral, a informação, isoladamente, não representou a possibilidade de êxito para as decisões no parto, dadas às diversas dificuldades que os mecanismos profissionais e institucionais impõem às mulheres / Introduction The right of women to informed choice about their experiences of pregnancy and childbirth is the result of the historical journey of sexual and reproductive rights, supported on ethical foundations of autonomy, bodily integrity, equality and diversity. In Brazil, its political and social history is being constructed through dialogue with the women\'s movement and the government apparatus, propelling public policies that guarantee these rights. However, gender inequalities within the medical and scientific knowledge led to a pessimistic approach to the female body, resulting in an a experience of childbirth as a pathological event, dependent on technology and unnecessary interventions in care. Objective To describe and analyze the women\'s perspective on the dynamics of availability, access and quality of information on prenatal care for the negotiations of the type of delivery and the procedures of care, focused on episiotomy, oxytocin and companion in public and insurance- managed health services. Methodology A qualitative study, based on the theoretical perspectives of gender and reproductive rights, conducted through semi-structured interviews of three types (email, Skype and face), with 26 women who attended the two health sectors in various regions of the country. Results Although guaranteed by public policy, it is still difficult for women to access quality information that support their choices and decisions about interventions in childbirth care. This difficulty is embedded in social, economic, cultural and gender aspects that transfer the power to decide on the type of delivery and interventions in childbirth to medical professionals and their institutions. Conclusions Often, the availability of information on prenatal care was insufficient in both health sectors, revealing the \"silence\" around childbirth. In prenatal care, women are not encouraged to actively search for information, and when information is available it is often inaccurate and ignoring of women`s reproductive rights. Even when there is access to information coming from specific route of humanizade care is no complete assurance about the possibility of negotiation. Also, not all women are able to access it. In general, information alone does not represent the possibility of success for decisions in labor, given the various difficulties that professional and institutional mechanisms impose on women
12

La participation des hommes au dépistage du cancer de la prostate : le rôle de l'information / Men’s adherence regarding prostate cancer screening : the role of the information

Charvin, Maud 16 December 2019 (has links)
Le dépistage du cancer de la prostate est largement controversé de par l’équilibre de la balance bénéfices-risques de cette procédure. L’enjeu de santé publique est alors d’accompagner au mieux les hommes susceptibles de se faire dépister pour qu’ils puissent être informés et participer au choix. L’objectif de ce doctorat est de contribuer à comprendre pourquoi les hommes participent au dépistage du cancer de la prostate, pour pouvoir améliorer dans un second temps leur accompagnement. Nous avons tout d’abord interrogé des hommes sur leurs connaissances, leurs sources d’informations et leur rôle dans le choix de participer au dépistage du cancer de la prostate. Ces entretiens ont abouti à la nécessité de concevoir un nouvel outil d’information pour améliorer les connaissances des hommes, en particulier sur les risques de la procédure de dépistage. Enfin, nous avons estimé comment les bénéfices et les risques étaient intégrés dans le choix des individus selon si ces derniers avaient eu accès à notre outil d’information. Les résultats de ce travail montrent que les hommes semblent moins favorables à une proposition de dépistage après avoir eu accès à notre outil d’information. Cependant, cela ne modifie pas leur appréciation des bénéfices et des risques du dépistage. Il est nécessaire de poursuivre les efforts pour permettre aux hommes de faire un choix éclairé. / Prostate cancer screening is highly controversial because of the benefit risk ratio. An issue is to support men susceptible to perform this screening towards informed choice and shared decision-making. The aim of this doctorate is to understand why men adhere to prostate cancer screening, and in a second time to improve their support. We interviewed men about their knowledge, their information seeking behaviour, and their implication in prostate cancer screening decision. This highlighted the necessity to create a new information tool to improve men’s knowledge, in particular regarding risks of the screening procedure. Finally, we investigate benefit risk trade-off with and without our information tool access. Results of this work shows that men are less favourable to a screening option after taking into account our information tool. However, benefit and risk of this screening appreciation was not changed. We need to continue efforts to allow men to make an informed choice.
13

Kvinnors önskan om kejsarsnitt utan medicinsk indikation / Womens' requests for ceasarean section without medical indication

Broström, Monika, Philipson, Sara January 2020 (has links)
Trots att det i sjukvården betraktas som normalt att föda barn vaginalt väljer en del kvinnor att föda sina barn med hjälp av kejsarsnitt utan att det föreligger någon medicinsk indikation, varken för mor eller barn (elektivt sectio). Den medicinska vetenskapen visar att det både är säkrare och bättre i de flesta fall att föda vaginalt, men antalet elektiva kejsarsnitt ökar årligen. Kunskap om vad som driver kvinnor att önska elektivt kejsarsnitt kan öka möjligheten att minska kejsarsnitt som görs utan medicinsk indikation. Kunskapen är viktig för barnmorskor som kan hjälpa gravida kvinnor att i högre grad välja att föda sitt barn vaginalt då det inte föreligger indikation för kejsarsnitt. Syftet med arbetet var att beskriva kvinnors önskan om att föda sitt barn med hjälp av  elektivt kejsarsnitt utan att det föreligger någon medicinsk indikation för kejsarsnitt. En litteraturstudie har genomförts där sökningar efter artiklar gjorts i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och APA PsychInfo. Till studiens resultat har 20 vetenskapliga artiklar, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar använts. De publicerade studierna är genomförda i  olika länder, en del i höginkomstländer och en del i medelinkomstländer enligt måttet bruttonationalprodukt per person och år, vilken beskriver ett lands produktion utifrån dess befolkningsutveckling (BNP per capita). Samtliga artiklar är publicerade mellan åren 2009-2019, och är etiskt godkända.  Kvinnors anledning att önska elektivt kejsarsnitt utan medicinsk indikation sammanfattas i detta arbete med två övergripande teman: Vaginal förlossning ett hot och Kejsarsnitt garanterar hälsa och trygghet. Kvinnornas rädsla för vaginal förlossning var en framträdande anledning till att önska kejsarsnitt. Rädslan hade sitt ursprung i egna eller andras negativa erfarenheter av vaginal förlossning. Rädslan grundades också i en oro för att kvinnans utseende och hennes relation skulle påverkas av en vaginal förlossning. Önskan om kejsarsnitt utan medicinsk indikation grundades i en tro om att ingreppet skulle garantera hälsa och trygghet för mor och barn, något som vaginal förlossning inte kunde erbjuda.  Den mest framträdande anledningen till att kvinnor önskade kejsarsnitt utan medicinsk indikation var en intensiv rädsla för en vaginal förlossning. Kvinnorna hade uppfattningen att ett kejsarsnitt skulle garantera säkerhet för mor och barn. Det kan inte uteslutas att önskan om elektivt kejsarsnitt kan bero på brist på kunskap.  Det finns ytterligare behov av forskning på ämnet, förslagsvis på interventioner från sjukvården som fokuserar på att utbilda födande kvinnor om vinsterna med vaginal förlossning.
14

Midwifery knowledge and the medical student experience. An exploration of the concept of midwifery knowledge and its use in medical students' construction of knowledge during a specialist obstetric rotation

MacVane, Fiona E. January 2010 (has links)
The literature concerning what medical students learn from midwives during specialist obstetric rotations is scarce. In the UK, despite a long tradition of providing midwifery attachments for medical students, it is almost non-existent. Working with midwives is arguably the only opportunity medical students have to experience holistic or social models of maternity care, focusing on normality rather than on the medical concept of risk. This study sought to discover how medical students constructed their knowledge about childbirth during a six week specialist rotation in obstetrics in a Northern English teaching hospital (NETH), with particular emphasis on whether participants assimilated any concepts from midwifery knowledge (MK). A Delphi Study, done as the first phase of the research, focused on MK, utilizing an international sample of experienced midwives. Resulting themes were used to develop the data collection tool for the second phase of the research. The research employed a qualitative case study method with students from a single year cohort comprising the case. Data were collected using a tool consisting of three problem based learning (PBL) scenarios. These were presented to the students in consecutive interviews at the beginning, the middle and the end of their obstetric rotation. Following analysis, five main themes were identified which illuminated the medical students' construction of knowledge about maternity care. These were explored and discussed. The thesis concludes with recommendations for increasing opportunities for IPE in the medical and midwifery curricula.
15

Informerat samtycke och informerade val under graviditet och förlossning : En kvantitativ enkätstudie / Informed consent and informed choices during pregnancy and childbirth : A quantitative questionnaire based study

Crafoord, Viveca January 2018 (has links)
Kvinnor har rätt till informerat samtycke och informerade val när det gäller undersökningar och behandlingar under graviditet och förlossning både utifrån FNs mänskliga rättigheter och utifrån svensk lagstiftning. Kvinnan har historiskt befunnit sig långt ned i den hierarkiska ordningen inom förlossningsvården. Det råder en riskkultur i det västerländska moderna samhället som även märks av i vården av gravida och födande kvinnor. Kvinnor genomgår många olika undersökningar och behandlingar under graviditet och förlossning av vilka några har oklar evidens. Barnmorskan har en viktig roll i att ge kvinnor möjlighet till informerat samtycke och informerade val när det gäller undersökningar och behandlingar under graviditet och förlossning. Det behövs mer kunskap om hur kvinnor i Sverige ges möjlighet till detta. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om kvinnor ges möjlighet till informerat samtycke och informerade val när det gäller undersökningar och behandlingar under graviditet och förlossning. Studien utfördes som en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie och datainsamlingen gjordes med hjälp av enkäter. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med både deskriptiv och analytisk statistik. Resultatet antyder att kvinnor inte ges möjlighet till informerat samtycke och informerade val utifrån begreppens rätta bemärkelse när det gäller ett flertal specifika undersökningar och behandlingar under graviditet och förlossning förutom när det gäller rutinultraljudsundersökningen. Kvinnor uppfattar dock att de ges möjlighet vara delaktiga i beslut rörande undersökningar och behandlingar överlag under graviditet och förlossning. Hierarkiska ordningar och riskkulturen som råder i förlossningsvården är tidigare påvisade faktorer som kan utgöra hinder för kvinnors möjligheter till informerat samtycke och informerade val under graviditet och förlossning. Med en vård baserad på ett patientperspektiv kan kvinnors ställning samt autonomi stärkas. För en hållbar utveckling är kvinnors möjligheter at t göra informerade val angående sin sexuella och reproduktiva hälsa avgörande. / Women have the right to informed consent and informed choice with regard to examinations and treatment during pregnancy and childbirth on the basis of the human rights conducted by The United Nations, and according to Swedish law. Women have historically been far down in the hierarchical order in the birthing care system. There is a risk culture in Western modern society that is also noticeable in the care of pregnant women and women giving birth. Women undergo a variety of examinations and treatments during pregnancy and childbirth, some of which have unclear evidence. The midwife has an important role to give women the opportunity for informed consent and informed choices regarding examinations and treatments during pregnancy and childbirth. There is a need for more knowledge about how women in Sweden are given the opportunity to do so. The aim of the study is to investigate whether women are given the opportunity for informed consent and informed choices with regard to examinations and treatments during pregnancy and childbirth. The study was conducted as a quantitative cross-sectional study and questionnaires were used for data collection. The collected data was analysed with both descriptive and analytical statistics. The results suggest that women are not given opportunities for informed consent and informed choices based on their true sense when it comes to several specific examinations and treatments during pregnancy and childbirth except for the routine ultrasound examination. Nevertheless do women perceive that they are given opportunities to participate in decision making regarding examinations and treatments in general during pregnancy and childbirth. Hierarchical schemes and risk culture that prevails in the birthing care system is earlier identified factors that may pose obstacles to women's opportunities for informed consent and informed choice during pregnancy and childbirth. Through a care based on a patient perspective, the status of women and women's autonomy would be strengthened. For sustainable development, women's opportunities to make informed choices about their sexual and reproductive health are crucial.

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