xi, 87 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The purpose of this dissertation study was to adapt, deliver, and experimentally test the effectiveness of a research-based, employment-focused group counseling intervention (OPTIONS) that was designed to improve male inmates' ability to secure employment upon release from prison. The intervention curriculum and study were modeled after similar interventions with battered (Chronister & McWhirter, 2006) and incarcerated women (Chartrand & Rose, 1996). The OPTIONS program was grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994, 2000) and comprised of all critical intervention components identified as contributing to positive career intervention outcomes (Brown & Krane, 2000). In addition, the OPTIONS intervention consisted of 5 weekly group sessions, which lasted 120 minutes, and each group was comprised of 6-7 male inmates. The intervention focused on various aspects of the job preparation process such as identifying necessary skills, obtaining information about different types of jobs, practicing for job interviews, and learning how to utilize social support. Study participants included 77 (n = 38 treatment, n = 39 control) adult male inmates housed at the Oregon Department of Corrections medium security release facility, the Oregon State Correctional Institute (OSCI) in Salem, OR. This study utilized a randomized block design, with between subjects and within subjects measurements at pretest, posttest, and one month follow-up. Participants were blocked based upon age and release date, and then randomly assigned to a wait-list treatment as usual control group or the OPTIONS treatment intervention group. Outcomes measured were job search self-efficacy (Career Search Self-Efficacy Scale, Solberg, Good, & Nord, 1994), perceived problem solving ability (Problem Solving Inventory, Heppner, 1988), and hopefulness (Hope Scale, Snyder et al., 1991). Data were analyzed using 2 (experimental group) x 2 (time) analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Results indicated that participants in the OPTIONS treatment intervention had higher career-search self-efficacy, problem solving, and hopefulness scores at posttest and follow-up than participants in the treatment as usual control group. This dissertation study was the first time a manualized, theory based employment preparation treatment intervention was adapted specifically for inmates preparing to release back to the community. / Committee in charge: Linda Forrest, Chairperson, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Krista Chronister, Member, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Deanne Unruh, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Robert 0 Brien, Outside Member, Sociology

Este estudo procura compreender como os detentos elaboram a vida cotidiana na prisão e, em que medida o acesso aos dispositivos da educação e da religião disponíveis no cárcere podem contribuir para a reintegração social do indivíduo recluso. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na perspectiva de que a população carcerária é constituída majoritariamente de pessoas marcadas pela vulnerabilidade social e que não tiveram acesso aos direitos fundamentais ao exercício da cidadania. Para estes indivíduos, o espaço escolar é percebido como espaço de sociabilidade e também de oportunidade de mudança, uma vez que, possibilita vislumbrar caminhos alternativos à vida criminal. As observações foram realizadas em quatro escolas localizadas em unidades prisionais do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter etnográfico que utiliza a narrativa dos presidiários sobre educação e religião como recurso metodológico. Através de depoimentos e entrevistas, procura identificar experiências que produziram significados no contexto das escolas existentes no interior das prisões e que revelam formas de elaboração da vida cotidiana pelos alunos detentos. / This studys intention is to understand how inmates elaborate their everyday life in prison and to what extend education and religion available prisons facilities can contribute to the social re-education of these incarcerated persons. The research have been conducted under the perspective that the prison population is manly composed by persons who have been marked by social vulnerability and not given the access to the fundamental rights and citizenship. For those persons, the prison school is seen as a place of sociability and as an opportunity of change as well, once it portrays alternative ways to criminal life. The observation was done in four different schools locate in prisons units in Rio de Janeiro. This paper has an ethnographic perspective that uses prisoners narratives about education and religion as a methodological resource. Thru testimonies and interviews it seeks to indentify experiences that have produced meaning and reveal ways to elaborate everyday life by the inmate-students in the context of the schools inside the prison system.

Este estudo procura compreender como os detentos elaboram a vida cotidiana na prisão e, em que medida o acesso aos dispositivos da educação e da religião disponíveis no cárcere podem contribuir para a reintegração social do indivíduo recluso. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na perspectiva de que a população carcerária é constituída majoritariamente de pessoas marcadas pela vulnerabilidade social e que não tiveram acesso aos direitos fundamentais ao exercício da cidadania. Para estes indivíduos, o espaço escolar é percebido como espaço de sociabilidade e também de oportunidade de mudança, uma vez que, possibilita vislumbrar caminhos alternativos à vida criminal. As observações foram realizadas em quatro escolas localizadas em unidades prisionais do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter etnográfico que utiliza a narrativa dos presidiários sobre educação e religião como recurso metodológico. Através de depoimentos e entrevistas, procura identificar experiências que produziram significados no contexto das escolas existentes no interior das prisões e que revelam formas de elaboração da vida cotidiana pelos alunos detentos. / This studys intention is to understand how inmates elaborate their everyday life in prison and to what extend education and religion available prisons facilities can contribute to the social re-education of these incarcerated persons. The research have been conducted under the perspective that the prison population is manly composed by persons who have been marked by social vulnerability and not given the access to the fundamental rights and citizenship. For those persons, the prison school is seen as a place of sociability and as an opportunity of change as well, once it portrays alternative ways to criminal life. The observation was done in four different schools locate in prisons units in Rio de Janeiro. This paper has an ethnographic perspective that uses prisoners narratives about education and religion as a methodological resource. Thru testimonies and interviews it seeks to indentify experiences that have produced meaning and reveal ways to elaborate everyday life by the inmate-students in the context of the schools inside the prison system.

Este trabalho consiste numa tentativa de investigar as possibilidades e contradições em constituir a educação escolar enquanto um dos aspectos da operação penitenciária de transformação dos indivíduos punidos. Ponto de inflexão de uma trajetória profissional de dez anos, atuando no Programa de Educação do sistema penal do Estado de São Paulo, o trabalho procura sistematizar uma série de reflexões e questionamentos, cuja nítida orientação era a consolidação de uma proposta educativa própria, destinada à população carcerária. As prisões, suas normas, procedimentos e valores observam a absoluta primazia na dominação e no controle da massa encarcerada. Decorre que a manutenção da ordem e disciplina internas são transfiguradas no fim precípuo da organização penal. Os programas e atividades considerados reeducativos inserem-se nesta lógica de funcionamento, pautando suas ações e finalidades pela necessidade de subjugar os sujeitos punidos, adaptando-os ao sistema social da prisão. Contudo, a resistência prisioneira ao controle é patente. A educação, de forma alguma, permanece neutra nesse processo (embate) de subjugação e resistência. Seus pressupostos metodológicos e suas práticas cotidianas podem contribuir para a sedimentação da escola enquanto recurso ulterior de preservação e formação dos sujeitos, nos interstícios dos processos de dominação. A pesquisa procura delinear as possibilidades para que as prerrogativas da gestão penitenciária não irrompam as práticas educativas, prescrevendo suas ações. Por conseguinte, impõe-se a necessidade de inscrever o Programa de Educação de Adultos Presos aos seus congêneres no âmbito nacional, efetivando sua organização por preceitos mormente educacionais e não carcerários. / This work consists in an attempt to investigate the possibilities and contradictions when schooling education for transformation of the individuals punished is constituted as one of the aspects pertaining to the prison operation. As a point of deflection after a ten-year professional trajectory working for the Educational Program in the penal system of São Paulo State, this work intends to systematize several thoughts and questionings formerly oriented to consolidate an education proposal particularly driven to the population incarcerated. The prisons, its rules, procedures and values observe absolute primary attention to the domination and control of the mass incarcerated. Therefore, the maintenance of internal order and discipline is transfigured to the essential goal of the penal organization. The so-called re-educational programs and activities are inserted in this functional logic, having their actions and objectives based on the need of subjugating the people punished, by adapting them to the social system inside the prison. Nevertheless, prisoners resistance to the control is evident. By no means education is neutral in such a process (battle) of subjugation and resistance. Its methodological basis and daily practises can contribute to sediment school as a subsequent resource for the preservation and formation of individuals in the interstices of the domination processes. This research aims to draw possibilities so that the prerogatives of prison administration shall not invade the educational practice, ruling its actions. Therefore, theres need to introduce the Education Program for Adult Inmates along with its congenial programs in a national approach, with the view of effecting its organization on educational and not incarcerating basis.

Esta pesquisa tem como enfoque a Cadeia Pública e a Casa de Correção localizadas na cidade de São Paulo, durante a vigência do Código Criminal do Império (1830-1890). Primeiramente, procuramos analisar o impacto das formulações do código de 1830 na dinâmica da Cadeia Pública da Capital, outrora regida pelo Livro V das Ordenações Filipinas. Em seguida, observamos a concepção da Casa de Correção, sua difícil construção até a inauguração parcial na década de 1850, que se insere no contexto das transformações políticas ocorridas no período e parece responder à demanda de organização e reestruturação do Estado. Em seguida, ponderamos que as propostas de modernização dos aparelhos repressores, baseadas nos modelos europeus e norte-americanos de punição e correção, não puderam ser efetivamente organizadas, especialmente levando-se em conta o crescimento populacional e o alto custo para sua implementação em grande escala. Paralelamente, procuramos estudar o perfil da população carcerária das duas instituições, tendo como fio condutor os trabalhos e serviços realizados pelos presos. Assim, observamos como funcionavam as oficinas da Casa de Correção, os trabalhos públicos dos galés e os serviços dos africanos livres e dos escravos detidos no calabouço. Em seguida, na outra ponta, estudamos os guardas e empregados dos estabelecimentos, investigando quem eles eram e que tipo de relações estabeleceram com aqueles que vigiavam. / This study focuses on the jail and the Penitentiary located in the city of São Paulo while the Criminal Code of the Empire was in force (18301890). Firstly, we sought to assess the impact of the provisions of the 1830 Code on the dynamics of the Capital City Jail, previously ruled by the Civil Code of the Philippines Book V. After that, we analyzed the Penitentiary conception, the pitfalls of its construction works up to the partial opening in the 1850s, which are connected to the political changes that occurred along this period and seems to be an answer to the call for organization and restructuring of the State. Next, we considered that the proposals for modernization of the coercive apparatus based on European and North- American models of punishment and correction could not be effectively organized mainly due to the population growth and costly large scale implementation. In addition, we studied the prison population profile in both institutions based on the works and tasks performed by the inmates. Therefore, we observed the Penitentiarys workshops, the public work of the inmates and the work of free African people and slaves imprisoned in dungeon. Finally, we studied the guards and other employees of these prisons to find out who they were and the kind of relationship they developed with the inmates.

During the past 60 years, United States prisons have become one of the primary institutions caring for mentally ill individuals. Factors such as privatization of mental health care with a focus on profit-maximization, ineffective jail diversion programs, and unsuccessful mental health courts have contributed to prisons having an increased population of mentally ill inmates. In fact, about 20% of people who are currently incarcerated suffer from a major mental illness (Mason, 2007). Other elements outside of the justice system such as a lack of mental health awareness and a lack of resources have led to damaging interactions between the mentally ill and law enforcement and have added to this growing rate of mentally ill incarcerated. Given the harsh realities of prison, this overrepresentation of those suffering from mental illness is even more concerning and is worsened by aspects of prisons such as solitary confinement. This issue coupled with the lack of appropriate mental health care services being provided and the lack of support after release has led those suffering from mental illness to be potentially worse off than when they entered prison. This paper focuses on mental health care in prisons from admittance to post-release and provides evidence for the need to overhaul how those suffering from mental illness are treated. The responsibility of mental health care has been placed on prisons due to the escalation of inmates with mental illness, the failure of programs inside the justice system, and the lack of post-release follow-up. The physical setting, behavioral interactions, and personnel influences in prisons have led to worsening symptoms and have inhibited the ability to effectively treat these inmates. Given 95% of inmates will be released, these issues need to be addressed more comprehensively for the benefit of our society as a whole (Binswanger, Nowels, Corsi, Long, Booth, Jutner, & Steiner, 2011).

This study investigated the effects of trust level and note-taking upon the level of self-disclosure among prisoners. Sixty inmates at a federal prison were administered the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale. Next, using a median split, participants were divided into two groups of high and low mistrust. Subjects within each of these groups were then randomly assigned to a high, low, or no note-taking condition. Each prisoner then discussed an intimate topic for thirty minutes. Level of self-disclosure was measured by an abbreviated version of the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank. No significant differences were found as a function of trust level or note-taking condition. Some implications for further research are suggested.

American prisons are overflowing with inmates exacting an incalculable human and moral cost on inmates, their families, and society. A central theme in criminality is the inability to deal with conflict and the affiliated emotions in an appropriate manner. Further, problem-solving, communication, and consequential thinking skills are lacking in the lives of many inmates due to lack of proper role models, lack of skills, and lack of expectations. Focusing on inmate education is one of the most effective forms of crime prevention according to leading criminological theorists. This phenomenological study was an assessment of a ten-session, holistic conflict resolution course for inmates called Reach Out with Purposeful Engagement Skills. The course is centered on emotional intelligence skills including self-awareness, self-regulation, and empathy, and incorporates a multi-theoretical framework consisting of (a) human needs theory, (b) hope theory, (c) social construction theory, (d) appreciative inquiry, and (e) restorative justice principles. The teaching methodology was centered on positive criminology, a sub-group of positive psychology which embraces concepts such as compassion, encouragement, goodness, gratitude, positive modeling, and spirituality. An underlying belief was that recognition of individual participant strengths, if nurtured and developed, can contribute toward personal change. Results of the study describe participant’s perceptions of self-efficacy in conflict resolution which resulted in personal change and empowerment. This study contributes toward qualitative literature supporting socio-emotional education for inmates delivered in a constructive environment to inspire transformation at a deep and necessary level in order to support and promote desistance.

Conduite, de 2005 à 2009, à partir d’une étude des 222 procédures disciplinaires enregistrées au greffe de la maison d’arrêt de Vesoul et d’entretiens avec les détenus sanctionnés pour avoir transgressé le règlement intérieur de l’établissement, cette recherche a pour but de mesurer les effets sociaux de la discipline pénitentiaire. De nombreuses travaux étant régulièrement consacrés aux aspects pratiques de la question carcérale (politiques pénales, organisation institutionnelle...), il nous est apparu pertinent de compléter ces approches par une attention portée aux représentations que les différents acteurs du champ pénitentiaire (détenus, personnels de surveillance et de direction…) ont des rapports d'autorité imposés dans les maisons d'arrêt et plus particulièrement du mitard, considéré comme la clef de voûte de l'édifice disciplinaire. Le classement des discours recueillis en « figures de rhétorique » met à jour les tactiques d’utilisation ou d’évitement du mitard par les personnes détenues ; il éclaire la capacité de ces dernières à demeurer acteurs dans un contexte où l’enjeu est de préserver et d’élargir sa marge de liberté. L’opposition constatée dans la majorité des cas entre les discours des détenus et les logiques institutionnelles interroge la prison dans la mise en œuvre de la mission que lui confère le législateur de participer à la réinsertion sociale de la population pénale : la discipline pénitentiaire, telle qu’elle est conçue, ne participe-t-elle pas au contraire, par un effet d’étiquetage et de stigmatisation, à consolider le rôle de déviants des détenus sanctionnés ? L’exploration d’autres pistes envisagées au terme de cette démarche praxéologique, conduit à proposer une pratique nouvelle, autorisée par la mise en œuvre des règles pénitentiaires européennes (RPE), au service d’une meilleure adéquation entre l’impératif sécuritaire et la nécessaire réinsertion des condamnés / This research was conducted from 2005 to 2009 based on a study of the 222 disciplinary proceedings recorded at the registry of the Vesoul remand centre as well as on interviews with the convicts who were punished for transgressing the prison’s bylaw. It aims at measuring the social effects of carceral discipline. As a number of researches are already devoted to the practical aspect of the carceral issue (such as penal policies or institutional organisation), it has seemed relevant to complete these approaches by looking into how the various actors in the carceral field (inmates, guardians, heads of staff) view the power relations as established in prison and how they view the shoe in particular, wich is seen here as the keystone of the carceral structure. A rhetorical analysis of the interviews of the inmates puts into light how the shoe is either tactically used or avoided. It highlights the inmates’ ability to remain active in a context in wich the main stake is to keep and to broaden one’s space of freedom. The contrast between the words of the inmates and the philosophy of the institution questions the ability of prison to deliver on the mission imparted to it by the legislator, i.e. to assist with the social rehabilitation of the incarcerated population. One can even wonder whether carceral discipline does not contribute to the consolidation of the criminal role of inmates through a system of labelling and stigmatization. The conclusions of this analysis grounded in decision theory lead the author to suggest new professional practices, made possible by the implementation of the European Prison Rules, to better match the security imperative and the necessary rehabilitation of convicts

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