Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was originally thought to occur only in children, but is increasingly recognised as causing functional impairment also in adulthood. The overall aim of this thesis was to achieve a comprehensive understanding of ADHD in adulthood. A questionnaire based on the DSM-IV criteria of ADHD, reported childhood symptoms, reading and spelling problems, difficulties and suffering and general assessment of functioning (GAF) was distributed to three samples: the general population (GP), outpatient psychiatry (OPP) and female prison inmates. Symptoms consistent with ADHD were more than three times higher in the OPP sample than in the GP sample (6.6 versus 2.1%). ADHD symptoms and related problems occurred in 50% of the prison inmates. A cohort of 168 patients diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood was interviewed about current ADHD symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity on axis I and II. The lifetime prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity on axis I was 92% and current comorbidity, including autism spectrum disorders and Tourette’s syndrome, was 47%. The sex-specific pattern of the comorbid disor-ders was similar to that in the general population. Forty-six per cent of the patients endorsed the specific criteria for at least one personality disorder. After a mean follow-up of six years, there was remission of adult ADHD in about 30% of the patients, regardless of whether there was ongoing medication or not. There were no differences in function and quality of life, except for global general improvement, which was better in patients currently on medication. The most prevalent long-term side effects of pharmacological treatment with mainly stimulants were decreased appetite, dry mouth, anxiousness/restlessness and an increase in pulse frequency. The discontinuation rate was about 50%: 29% discontinued because of a perceived lack of effect, followed by elevated mood or hypomania (11%). No detectable evidence of tolerance and increased need for dosage over time was observed. To conclude, Symptoms of ADHD is highly overrepresented in OPP and in female inmates compared with the GP. Furthermore, adults diagnosed with ADHD have a high lifetime prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. Long-term pharmacological treatment with stimulants is safe with relatively mild and tolerable adverse effects. Continued medication, however, is not related to remission.

Condemned prisoners in Texas and most other states are given an opportunity to make a final statement in the last moments before death. An anecdotal review by the author of this study over the last 15 years indicates that condemned prisoners use the opportunity for a variety of purposes. They ask forgiveness, explain themselves, lash out at accusers, rail at the system, read poems, say goodbyes to friends and family, praise God, curse fate - and assert their innocence with their last breaths. The final words also are typically heard by a select group of witnesses, which may include a prisoner's family and friends, victim's relatives, and one or more journalists. What the public knows about a particular condemned person's statement largely depends on what the journalists who witness the executions chose to include in their accounts of executions, the accuracy of their notes, and the completeness of the statements that are recorded on departments of correction websites or records. This paper will examine, through rhetorical and content analyses, the final words of the 355 prisoners who were executed in Texas between 1976 and 2005, identify those who made unequivocal claims of innocence in their final statements, and analyze news coverage of their executions by the Associated Press.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-22T12:47:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ellenchristinalinolima.pdf: 7503548 bytes, checksum: be8e2ed21cf4dff1e1999f563a988a5f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T18:51:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ellenchristinalinolima.pdf: 7503548 bytes, checksum: be8e2ed21cf4dff1e1999f563a988a5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T18:51:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ellenchristinalinolima.pdf: 7503548 bytes, checksum: be8e2ed21cf4dff1e1999f563a988a5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-23 / Esta dissertação analisa o processo de aplicação do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) em uma penitenciária localizada no estado de Goiás. A escolha do ambiente prisional como campo de investigação teve como intuito avaliar se os direitos e garantias assegurados pela legislação brasileira, no que tange as pessoas privadas de liberdade, estão sendo assegurados pelo Inep e órgãos da administração penitenciária. A metodologia utilizada foi entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com o Responsável Pedagógico pela unidade prisional e questionários aplicados aos presos que realizaram o Enem em 2012. Esses instrumentos de pesquisa, articulados à pesquisa bibliográfica e à apreciação dos dados coletados, permitiram a análise da realidade da aplicação do exame no ambiente prisional e identificação de falhas que indicam que alguns direitos deste público estejam sendo afetados. Os principais problemas identificados foram a falta de conscientização dos atores envolvidos no processo de implementação do Enem nas unidades prisionais e falhas no repasse das informações oriundas do Inep a respeito do exame, e sua importância para a população carcerária. A partir destes dados, foram indicados, no Plano de Intervenção aqui proposto, estratégias de ação que visem o aprimoramento do método de repasse das informações e a conscientização dos sujeitos envolvidos acerca da importância do exame para os participantes privados de liberdade. / This dissertation examines the process of implementing the National High School Exam (Enem) in a prison in the state of Goiás. The choice of prison environment as a field of research aimed to evaluate if the rights and safeguards imposed by Brazilian law, in regard to persons deprived of liberty, are being provided by Inep and penitentiary administration. The methodology used was the semi-structured interview conducted with the Pedagocial Head of the prison unit and questionnaires to prisoners who performed the Enem test in 2012. These survey instruments, together with the literature search and the evaluation of the data collected allowed the analysis of the reality of the exam application in the prison environment and identification of failures indicating that some rights of this group are being affected. The main problems identified were lack of awareness of the actors engaged in the implementation process of the Enem in the prison units, regarding to the importance of the exam for the prison population, and flaws in the communication with Inep. Based on these data, we propose here strategic actions that are listed in the intervention plan that aim the improvement of the method of transferring information and awareness of the subjects involved in the process regarding the importance of the examination for the inmates.

MA (Psychology) / Department of Psychology / Correctional Service inmate rehabilitation and rising issues of recidivism have been of interest within the Justice System with the mind to improve and ensure not only functionality but the effectiveness of every effort put toward rehabilitating inmates. Individuals are not convicted with the intention of closing them off from society completely, but to have their abnormal behavior corrected (this speaks to effective rehabilitation programmes and successful re-entry). Inevitably, this makes the parole period pivotal for assessing these programmes and why rehabilitation is not directly resulting in successful re-entry since parolees are more at risk to reoffend, making up the rising margin of recidivism of over 70% in South Africa. It then becomes significant to look into whether rehabilitative programmes are effective according to individuals who have practically been on the receiving end. This study investigated the lived experiences that recidivist parolees had of rehabilitation by taking a closer look at their lived experiences. This was qualitatively realized by employing to the study: interpretive phenomenological design. From a population of recidivist parolees residing in Vhembe District, after agreeing to participate in the study, a sample of 10 participants was interviewed (in accordance to data saturation) which were attained through the snowball sampling technique. From this sample, data was collected through the use of semi-structured open-ended interviews and analyzed through interpretive phenomenological analysis. This process yielded the following results. Generally, participants felt that rehabilitation programmes are not effective and play a very small role in influencing change. This is a similar case with re-entry into society. In light of this, participants reported that they have difficulty fitting into society as normal members because of social stigma, chronic trauma, not getting enough support after release and not being eligible for employment. Participants also reported irregular administration and accessibility of the programmes for all inmates. In light of these results, rehabilitation should be compulsory for all inmates and should also include post arrest programmes. / NRF

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kartlägga hur studie- och yrkesväglednings-situationen ser ut för intagna på kriminalvårdens anstalter, samt synliggöra hur studie- och yrkesvägledningen kan utvecklas för att tillgodose intagnas vägledningsbehov inom om-rådet rehabilitering. Ytterligare ett syfte med arbetet är att bidra med ny kunskap då vi inte finner tidigare nationell forskning inom området.För att kunna undersöka detta har vi valt en kvalitativ metod där vi har intervjuat befattningshavare och intagna. Resultatet visar hur studie- och yrkesvägledningen är orga-niserad på kriminalvårdens anstalter och vi har funnit gemensamma syften för studie- och yrkesvägledning, rehabilitering och kriminalvårdens rehabilitering. Utifrån resultatet ansågs studie- och yrkesvägledning som en naturlig del av kriminalvårdens rehabilitering. Resultatet pekar även på att existerande studie- och yrkesvägledning inte uppfyllde de in-tagnas behov. För att uppfylla deras behov utformade vi en modell som innebär att studie- och yrkesvägledning i kriminalvården har en central funktion bland övriga aktörer, vilka har kontakt med den intagne. / The purpose with this thesis is to identify how the study and vocational guidance situation looks like, in prison in the Swedish treatment of offenders, and make it visible how the study and vocational guidance can be developed to meet inmates’ guidance needs, within the area rehabilitation. An additional purpose of the work is to contribute with new knowledge as we don’t find any previous national research in the area.To investigate this, we have chosen a qualitative method, where we have inter-viewed some official staff and inmates. The result showed how the study and vocational guidance is organized in prison in the Swedish treatment of offenders. We found common purposes for study and vocational guidance, rehabilitation and the rehabilitation in the Swedish treatment of offenders. Study and vocational guidance is considered as a natural part of the rehabilitation in Swedish treatment of offenders. The result indicated that the existing study and vocational guidance doesn’t meet the inmates’ needs. In order to meet their needs, we have worked out a model that implies that study and vocational guidance in the Swedish treatment of offenders; have a central role among the other actors, who have contact with the inmates.

The purpose of this study is to analyze a relationship between adult, male inmate's criminal attitudes and reading level. Data is derived from the secondary assessments, Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified (CSS-M) and the reading scores from the Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE). The sample size is 112 adult, males incarcerated at California State Prison, Solano (CSP-SOL). A general understanding of an association between reading level and criminal attitudes, and how age and race may influence this association, provides insight into the interaction of risk factors associated with programming and treatment needs, as well as general and specific responsivity. This study examines the association and variance between reading level, criminal sentiments, and race and age. Based on the results, there is insufficient evidence to support that reading level and criminal sentiments are associated, or that reading level or criminal sentiments vary with race or age, even when a moderation analysis is conducted. The relationship between criminal sentiments and reading level; however, approaches statistical significance for those under 29 years of age, suggesting that as reading levels increase, criminal sentiments decrease for this age group.

Denna studie utforskar återanpassningsprocessen och upplevelsen av stämpling bland före detta fängelsedömda individer i Sverige, med fokus på hur dessa erfarenheter påverkar deras återinträde i samhället. Genom kvalitativ analys av intervjuer från podcasten ”Utanför Murarna”, som innehåller intervjuer med före detta fängelsedömda, visar studien hur stämplingsteorin tar sig uttryck i deras vardagsliv. Studien belyser svårigheterna med att hitta boende och arbete som före detta fängelsedömd, samtidigt som den tar upp den dubbla stämpling som är relaterad till diagnoser som adhd och utmaningar som fängelsedömda mammor möter. Metodologiskt bygger studien på kvalitativ innehållsanalys av transkriberade podcastintervjuer, där fokus ligger på återanpassningsstrategier och påverkan av samhällelig stämpling. Resultaten pekar på strategier som ärlighet och undvikande, samt betydelsen av stöd från familj, vänner och rehabiliteringsprogram. Studien understryker behovet av en mer inkluderande och förstående samhällssyn gentemot före detta fängelsedömda för att understödja en effektiv återanpassning. Slutsatserna betonar vikten av att riktade stödinsatser och individanpassade program tillämpas för att adressera de specifika behov och utmaningar som före detta fängelsedömda individer möter. / This study explores the reintegration challenges that former prison inmates in Sweden face, especially caused by societal labeling through the lens of labeling theory. Using qualitative analysis, this study explores podcast interviews with former prison inmates, revealing their perceptions and experiences of reintegration. Previous research highlights the difficulties of finding housing and employment as an ex-convict, while addressing the double stigmatization as a consequence of labeling for diagnoses such as adhd and challenges faced by formerly incarcerated mothers. Accordingly, the findings of this study highlight the complexities of societal reentry, where former prison inmates struggle with societal labeling, employment, and housing issues. Strategies used by former prison inmates, such as honesty, avoidance, and earning their place in society, are examined. Additionally, the positive influence of support systems like family, housing assistance, and rehabilitation programs is highlighted. The study contributes to understanding the reintegration process, suggesting implications for policy development and interventions in criminal justice and social services. The findings also indicate areas for further research, particularly around societal labeling and effective reintegration practices.

No description available.

Private prisons in South Africa are still premature but it will be increased because negotiations are on the track. The government should take a more serious look at private prisons as an alternative to public production of correctional service due to its efficiency. It is clear that the privatization of correctional facilities is a viable option for the future of correctional facilities. The expansion of privatization in this country will depend upon public and political confidence that private prisons will as effectively and accountable as public prisons. Private prisons have also demonstrated to have other advantages such as continuous audits on site. The aim of this study is to provide some insight into the privatization of prisons. / Penology / M.A. (Penology)

À l’heure actuelle, au Canada, un détenu sous responsabilité fédérale sur cinq est âgé de plus de cinquante ans, ce qui représente une augmentation de 101% depuis le début des années 2000. Alors que tout semble indiquer qu’un nombre croissant de détenus âgés seront remis en liberté, très peu d’études se concentrent sur ce qu’ils vivent après la détention. Ce mémoire propose donc de comprendre leur expérience de retour en communauté et de faire ressortir le regard qu’ils posent sur celle-ci. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous nous sommes intéressées au vécu de dix-sept hommes âgés de cinquante ans et plus ayant purgé leur peine au sein d’établissements carcéraux québécois. Par l’entremise d’entrevues semi-dirigées, nous sommes parvenues à mettre en avant que le retour en communauté des détenus âgés est marqué par de multiples difficultés, exacerbées par leur âge, leur statut pénal et le cadre institutionnel dans lequel ils évoluent. Toutefois, cette expérience est vécue différemment selon la présence de solidarités familiales qui leur permettent d’accéder à un statut social valorisant et leur offrent la possibilité d’exister socialement. / Nowadays in Canada, one out of five prisoners under federal jurisdiction is aged 50 and over, representing a 101% increase since the early 2000s. While everything seems to indicate that an increasing number of seniors will be released in the coming years, only a few studies have focused on life after prison. This thesis aims to understand their reentry process and to highlight the meaning they give to their experience. Our semi-structured interviews focused on the lived experiences of seventeen senior men, all of whom had served their sentence in Quebec detention centers. We found that the reentry of senior prisoners is marked by multiple difficulties, often intensified by their age, penal status and the institutional environment they evolved in. However, the reentry is experienced differently depending on whether the familial solidarity has allowed them to reach a gratifying social status and enables them to exist.