本研究旨在探討「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」對感化教育少年「增強權能」的成效，並根據研究結果提出「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」作為犯罪問題行為少年處遇策略之適用性。 　　本研究採「不等質控制組」準實驗設計，以「誠正中學」中受感化教育的少年為對象。其中，實驗組成員23名，實驗期間接受九次的「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」；四組對照組成員共81名，接受一般輔導課程。 本研究使用量化工具－「增強權能量表」，分別進行前測、後測與追蹤測，並以「無母數檢定(Mann-Whitney U統計量檢定、Wilcoxon符號等級檢定)」作為統計方法，檢驗分析實驗處遇的立即效果與延續效果。本研究同時使用質化工具－「反思札記」，藉由個別成員活動反思紀錄的整理與分析結果，提出成員在團體中的「學習收穫」與「增強權能」的展現，以作為實驗效果之補充。 本研究的主要發現如下： 一、「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」對感化教育少年「增強權能」有正向顯著影響，且效果能延續加乘。 二、一般矯正教育措施對「增強權能」也可以帶來正向影響，但效果卻未能持續。 三、成員的「增強權能」會隨著「團體歷程」呈現「階段性」發展。 四、「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」適用於受感化教育少年，也可為少年犯罪問題行為矯治之有效策略。 根據研究發現，提出下列幾點建議： 一、對於青少年犯罪矯治實務 (一)建議可將「優勢觀點為基礎的探索教育團體」安排於新生入校階段實施。 (二)建議可將「增強權能」程度作為矯正學校成效評估指標之一。 (三)建議矯正學校內可以增設「低空繩索設施」。 (四)建議校內舉辦探索教育訓練，讓工作人員都具備探索活動帶領能力。 二、對於未來從事相關研究者 (一)先深入瞭解「矯正學校機關特性」以利預先克服執行面之可能干擾 (二)須格外注意保密相關的「研究倫理」 (三)團體人數掌握在8-12人，或是安排協同領導者 參、對於未來計畫運用「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」的實務工作者 (一)領導者在團體過程中與成員互動要積極落實「優勢觀點」實務要素。 (二)在方案執行中持續進行「過程評估」。 (三)在團體方案結束後「持續輔導」。 / This research is to investigate “The Effects of Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” on “Empowerment” for juvenile inmates and according to the research results to bring up the application of “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” on treatment strategy of juvenile delinquents. The nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design was utilized in this study. And the subjects of this research were Juvenile Inmates in Chengjheng High School. There were 23 members in experiment group and during experiment period, they accepted 9 times of “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group”; at the same time, there were 4 control groups (total 81 members) who accepted usual student counseling courses to compare. The study employed “Empowerment Scale” to conduct pretest, posttest, and long-term measures. Then the data were analyzed by nonparametric (Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test) as statistics method to examine and analyze instant and long-term effects on experiment treatment. And the researcher also used qualitative tool “introspection notes” to collect and analyze the consequences from self-observation records on individual member’s activities and addressed the performances of members on “Learning Gains” and “Empowerment” in groups as supplementary of experiment effects. And the main findings of this research are as below: 1. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” has positive and obvious influences on “Empowerment” of juvenile delinquents and the effects can be synergistic continuously. 2. Usual student counseling courses can create positive influences on “Empowerment” as well but the effects cannot be continuous. 3. The “Empowerment” of members can develop “Stage by Stage” along with “the Progress of Groups”. 4. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” is suitable for juvenile delinquents and efficient strategy to correct their criminal problems and activities. Based on the findings of this research, the researcher has suggestions below. 1. For the practices on correction of juvenile delinquents: a. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” can be implemented when new students just enter schools. b. The degree of “Empowerment” can be as one of criteria on outcomes evaluation of correction schools. c. Correction schools can add “the Facilities of Low Ropes Course”. d. Correction schools can hold Project Adventure education training to let all workers have leading abilities of adventure activities. 2. For future researchers who focus on related topics: a. Understand “Characteristics of Correction Schools and Institutions” deeply first in order to avoid any possible interference on the aspect of application in advance. b. Should pay particular attention to privacy-related "Research Ethics". c. Group members should be controlled 8-12 people or arrange collaborative leaders. 3. For practitioners who plan to adopt “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” in the future: 1. Leaders must implement practical essentials of “Strengths Perspective” in the progress of groups and between the interactions with members. 2. Keep proceeding with “Evaluation of Progress” when the project is carried out. 3. Maintain student counseling after the project is finished.

Depuis longtemps, le sentiment d’insécurité suscite l’intérêt des chercheurs en sciences sociales. En milieu carcéral, ce phénomène est encore peu étudié. Les différentes études arrivent à des résultats incohérents par rapport aux facteurs reliés au sentiment d’insécurité des détenus. Les différentes façons de conceptualiser et de mesurer ce phénomène apparaissent souvent comme une des causes de l’incohérence des résultats obtenus. La présente étude a comme objectif général d’approfondir les connaissances sur le sentiment d’insécurité des incarcérés et présente les objectifs spécifiques suivants: (1) dresser un portrait quantitatif du sentiment d'insécurité en tenant compte de ses dimensions affective, cognitive et comportementale; (2) estimer le taux de victimisation dans les pénitenciers canadiens du Québec; (3) analyser les facteurs reliés aux différentes dimensions du sentiment d'insécurité; (4) analyser l’interrelation entre les différentes dimensions du sentiment d’insécurité. Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, les données recueillies auprès de 293 détenus de dix pénitenciers québécois ont été analysées. Des analyses descriptives ont été utilisées pour documenter le sentiment d’insécurité des détenus en tenant compte de différentes dimensions. Des analyses bi variées et multi variées ont permis d'identifier les facteurs individuels et contextuels en relation significative avec les différentes dimensions du sentiment d’insécurité. Des modèles de régression hiérarchisée ont permis d’analyser l’interrelation entre les différentes dimensions du sentiment d’insécurité, en tenant compte de l’influence de facteurs individuels et contextuels. Les résultats ont révélé un niveau d’insécurité peu élevé et variable parmi la population carcérale et aussi que les différentes dimensions du sentiment d’insécurité étaient affectées par différents facteurs et qu'elles étaient partiellement inter reliées. / For a long time, the feeling of safety has been a subject matter of interest to social scientists. Applied in prisons, this phenomenon is not much studied. Different studies have come to inconsistent results with respect to factors related to insecurity. The different ways of conceptualizing and measuring this phenomenon often appear as a cause of the inconsistency of the results. The present study aims to deepen general knowledge about the insecurity sentiment and present the following specific objectives: (1) provide a quantitative picture of the feeling of safety, taking into account its emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions; (2) estimate the victimization rate in Canadian penitentiaries in Quebec; (3) analyse the different factors that are related to the different dimensions of feeling of safety; (4) analyse the interrelation between the different dimensions of the feeling of safety. To achieve these objectives, data from 293 inmates held in ten Quebec prisons were analyzed. Descriptive analyses were used to document the insecurity of prisoners taking into account various dimensions. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have permitted to identify the individual and contextual factors that are significantly associated with the different dimensions of insecurity. Hierarchical regression models were used to verify the interrelation between the different dimensions of feeling of safety, taking into account the influence of other factors. The results showed a level of insecurity that is low and variable among the prison population, and also that the different dimensions of insecurity were affected by various factors and were partially interconnected.

La présente étude a comme objectif de saisir et comprendre l’univers carcéral de par l’expérience des hommes incarcérés pour la première fois. À partir d’entrevues qualitatives menées auprès de vingt et un hommes incarcérés pour la première fois dans deux prisons du Québec, nous avons analysé les thèmes de la prison actuelle et de l’expérience carcérale d’un point de vue interactionniste. Il ressort de nos analyses, qu’à l’heure actuelle, en dépit des améliorations des conditions de détention, comme la décentralisation des pouvoirs et les droits accordés aux détenus, la prison demeure un environnement« totale » et « disciplinaire » qui terrorise les détenus et qui les soumets à une souffrance extrême. Ces conditions forcent les détenus à tenter de s’adapter cognitivement soit par la gestion du stress ou par la reprise de contrôle afin de retrouver un certain bien-être à l’intérieur des murs. / This study investigates how first time inmates experience life in prison. In order to gain greater knowledge of correctional centers and to better understand the impact of incarceration on prisoners, we carried out qualitative semi-structured interviews with twenty-one first time prisoners in two Québec prisons. Our analysis suggests that although much improvement has taken place in correctional facilities in the past thirty years, for instance the incursion of society inside the walls, the decentralization of power and the granting of inmate’s rights, prisons remain “total” and “disciplinary” institutions. Prisoners still experience the pains of imprisonment, still experience extreme fear and still suffer greatly. Prison adaptation is explained as a way for inmates to relive their suffering. Our findings suggest that the pursuit of control and efficient stress coping enables first-time inmates to attain a certain well being within the prison walls.

Cette thèse pose un premier regard sur l’expérience subjective de la violence manifestée par les individus atteints d’un trouble de santé mentale grave et persistant et d’un trouble lié à une substance. À partir d’une recension des écrits, elle présente, dans le premier chapitre, une adaptation des volets psychopharmacologique et économico-compulsif du modèle tripartite de Goldstein (1985), à la population aux prises avec une telle comorbidité. Dans les deuxième et troisième chapitres, elle présente l’analyse qualitative d’une série d’entrevues effectuées auprès de détenus incarcérés dans une unité de santé mentale d’un pénitencier canadien pour cause de délits violents. Elle explore, dans ces chapitres, les représentations de l’influence de la consommation sur les différentes sphères de la vie de ces détenus ainsi que l’importance qu’ils attribuent à celles-ci quant au passage à l’acte responsable de leur incarcération. L’analyse démontre que presque la moitié des personnes interrogées attribue la responsabilité du délit violent aux effets directs de la substance sur les symptômes liés à la maladie mentale ou aux effets directs de celle-ci sur leur comportement et leurs cognitions. Les autres attribuent plutôt la responsabilité de leur acte violent à la détérioration de leur fonctionnement psychosocial (c’està- dire à leur incapacité graduelle à maintenir un emploi, à se nourrir, se loger et à entretenir des relations sociales, amoureuses ou familiales), qui résulte des conséquences sociales et économiques associées à l’usage répétitif et/ou excessif de substances intoxicantes. À la lumière de ces résultats, le deuxième chapitre vérifie l’applicabilité du volet psychopharmacologique à cette population, et le troisième, celle du volet économico-compulsif. Les trois chapitres de cette thèse sont présentés sous forme d’articles scientifiques. / This thesis offers a first look at the subjective experience of violent behaviour manifested by individuals who present a severe mental disorder and a substance abuse disorder. The first chapter presents an adaptation of Goldstein’s psychopharmacological and economic-compulsive models (1985), based on a literature review. The second and third chapter present a qualitative analysis of a series of interviews conducted with mentally disordered offenders from a Canadian penitentiary who are incarcerated for violent crimes. These chapters explore the inmates’ perceptions of the influence of the substance abuse on the various aspects of their lives and of its contribution in the realization of their crime. The results show that almost half of the subjects were of the opinion that their violent crime resulted from the direct influence of the substance abuse on their mental illness, on their behaviour or on their cognitions. The others attributed the responsibility of their violent crime to the gradual deterioration of their general psychosocial functioning (meaning their gradual inability to hold a job, to feed themselves, to maintain housing accommodations, as well as social, familial and love relationships) that results from the social and economical consequences of substance abuse. Based on these results, the second and third chapter discuss the applicability of the psychopharmacological and economiccompulsive models to this population. All three chapters are presented in the form of a scientific article.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Erlangen, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 252-259) and index.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4837.pdf: 1933876 bytes, checksum: c7bb3899e84e1ea7e818073821ac7604 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-20 / The striking phenomenon of growing urban violence and the expansion of the prison while a privileged mode of punishment in contemporary societies have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers for the description and analysis of the processes that take place in prison and from it. This research is part of in this field, having a concern to question a binomial normative of the prison policy, whereby the experience in prisons opposes the paths to "reintegration" and "criminal recidivism." Discussing these concepts and opposing to them, the research points to the need to understand the social dynamics that make up the life of prison former inmates, intersecting them with the practices of the prison administration and with the flow and the increasingly more frequent links between the inside and the outside of prisons. Thus, I seek to understand the social processes that mark the paths of former inmates of São Paulo s prison system, subject little explored in the Brazilian literature and whose approach dialogues with recent studies on the social dynamics which have an effect on the lives in prison. It also dialogues with studies that are not focused on the prison, but whose themes this institution presents itself, whether as a differentiation marker of individuals, whether as a dissemination beam of social relations linked to the world of crime. The study takes place around the description of the trajectory of Diego s life, former inmate of São Paulo s prison system, and his interaction, at different times, with the research author. Therefore, São Paulo s prison system own dynamics are described and unofficial processes of shared management of prisons are emphasized between the state administration and the different groups of prisoners currently existing. In this sharing, the education inmate monitor stands out, highlighted position occupied by Diego. / O fenômeno cada vez mais marcante da violência urbana e a expansão da prisão enquanto modo privilegiado de punição nas sociedades contemporâneas têm despertado cada vez mais a atenção de pesquisadores para a descrição e análise dos processos que se desenrolam na prisão e a partir dela. Esta pesquisa se insere neste campo, tendo como preocupação questionar um binômio normativo da política penitenciária, segundo o qual a vivência nas prisões opõe os caminhos da reintegração social e da reincidência criminal . Discutindo estes conceitos e contrapondo-se a eles, a pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de compreender as dinâmicas sociais que perfazem as trajetórias dos egressos prisionais, interseccionado-as com as práticas da administração penitenciária e com o fluxo e os vínculos cada vez mais frequentes entre os lados de dentro e de fora das prisões. Assim, busco compreender os processos sociais que marcam as trajetórias de egressos do sistema prisional paulista, assunto pouco explorado na literatura brasileira e cuja abordagem dialoga com estudos recentes sobre as dinâmicas sociais que marcam as vidas nas prisões. Dialoga também com estudos que não têm como foco a prisão, mas em cujas temáticas esta instituição se apresenta, seja enquanto marcador de diferenciação dos indivíduos, seja enquanto feixe de disseminação de relações sociais ligadas ao mundo do crime. O estudo se desenrola em torno da descrição da trajetória de Diego, egresso do sistema prisional paulista, e de sua interação, em diferentes momentos, com o autor da pesquisa. Para tanto, são descritas dinâmicas próprias do sistema prisional paulista e enfatizados processos extra-oficiais de compartilhamento da gestão das prisões entre a administração estatal e os diferentes coletivos de presos atualmente existentes. Nesta partilha, sobressai o monitor preso de educação, posição ocupada com destaque por Diego.

Initiated by the lack of research in the area and curiosity of the researcher about practices, this study was intended to investigate the practices of prison education in selected prisons of ANRS, Ethiopia. The study was guided by constructivist paradigm. It also followed qualitative approach and employed constructivist grounded theory as a strategy. The study involved 30 participants selected through purposive sampling techniques from two prison institutions. Data were mainly collected through one-to-one interview. Focus group discussion and observation were also used to triangulate data obtained through one-to-one interview. Based on the nature of the strategy employed, constant comparative data analysis was followed to analyse data. In relation to international trends in providing correctional education in terms of objectives, curricular directions, activities and delivery mechanisms, the findings from the literature review showed that the objectives range from enabling inmates read and write to providing them the chance for lifelong learning. Inmates are also provided with various contents based on their needs which are geared towards their overall development. While learning, inmates engage in different activities which mean that the methods of teaching used during teaching learning are active. The study also revealed that prison education evolved in Ethiopia, with the issuance of criminal law. While the objectives of the provision of prison education in Ethiopia were found to be personal and social development, and avoiding boredom on the part of inmates, the programmes and contents provided were not diversified enough to accommodate the needs of all inmates. In addition, it was learnt that inmates have not been actively involved in the teaching learning as the teaching methods mostly used were teacher-centred. The findings also showed that facilitators and administrators came to work in the correctional institutions intentionally and got benefits out of working in the institutions as opposed to teachers who joined unintentionally and were frustrated working there. Various challenges affecting the provision of education in prisons were also identified. The finding generally showed that education provision in the sample correctional institutions was of low relevance and quality compared to what international literatures show. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)

PhD (Health Sciences ) / Department of Psychology / The rate of incarceration is historically high. Increasingly, research points to the negative effects of incarceration among offenders, particularly in adult facilities. Literature published since 2000 suggests that incarceration fails to meet the developmental and criminogenic needs of offenders and is limited in its ability to provide appropriate rehabilitation. Incarceration often results in negative behavioural and mental health consequences such as suicidal thoughts and attempts. Suicide is often the single most common cause of death in correctional settings. The psychological impact of incarceration and its implications for post-prison, free world adjustments are substantial. The severe behavioural problems of offenders are a result of complex and interactive individual and environmental factors which elicit and maintain offending behaviour. The study sought to develop a model to facilitate effective psychological services among offenders in long-term incarceration correctional services. The study consisted of two phases, namely the empirical phase and conceptualisation phase. In phase one, which was the empirical phase, a qualitative approach was employed. The study utilised phenomenological, explorative, and contextual designs. The study population comprised of male offenders who were serving their long-term incarceration in the Vhembe District at Limpopo Province. Thirty offenders and one clinical psychologist were purposively selected. Data were collected from participants using semi-structured interviews. In-depth information about their experiences physical and mental risks of being incarcerated, as well as the coping mechanisms they used during incarceration was collected. Unstructured interviews were used to collect information about psychological services that are being rendered at correctional centres and their effectives from the only psychologist who participated in the study. Field notes as well as observations were also used methods of data collection. Data analysis was done using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and Thematic data analysis. Relevant ethical principles were adhered to. Informed consent was sought from participants prior to the commencement of the study. The study further maintained the aspect of confidentiality and privacy since it was dealing with human subjects and sensitive issues. Issues of trustworthiness; credibility, dependability, transferability and conformability were ensured. The study findings revealed that most of the offenders were not very happy with the kind of mental health services they received from the correctional centres. They reported that correctional centres had a potential to make one totally insane. However, for one to make sense of what is happening at the correctional centres, one would need to receive mental vi health services. Furthermore, the study also discovered that one of the correctional centres is not providing offenders with mental health services and this makes it difficult for offenders to cope with their long-term incarceration since rehabilitation is not taking place. Findings also showed that offenders in one of the two centres were at a greater risk of contracting communicable diseases at the correctional centre due to overcrowding, poor health care system and poor hygiene. Concept analysis was done using Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach, (1968) guidelines. The framework adopted six guidelines that were used in theory development. A model was developed using the Walker and Avant (1995) framework to enhance the effectiveness of facilitation of psychological services at Thohoyandou correctional services and Kutama-Sinthumule Maximum correctional centre. The researcher recommends that mental health policies should be implemented to enhance and scale up mental health services in both correctional centres. / NRF

Selon le droit de l'exécution des peines, un éventail de mesures judiciaires permet de déplacer un détenu vers l’extérieur des murs, de manière temporaire ou pérenne. Il s’agit d’un ensemble assez flou, appelé aménagements de peine. Un paradigme dominant des politiques publiques enjoint à favoriser les demandes de ces mesures de la part des détenus condamnés. L’idée est d’organiser des voies progressives de sortie. Les acteurs professionnels de la prison et de la justice s’accordent à considérer qu’il s’agit de la meilleure transition entre le dedans et le dehors. Pourtant, l’obtention d’une mesure telle que la libération conditionnelle ou la semi-liberté relève d’un processus très sélectif. Les professionnels enrôlés dans ces activités décisionnelles tiennent compte d’ordres de considérations contradictoires polarisées par, d’un côté, l’idéal de la réhabilitation du condamné, et, d’un autre côté, les préoccupations concernant la récidive. Il en résulte des dilemmes, et un chemin exigeant pour le condamné. Ces exigences, les professionnels leur donnent un sens, ils les transforment en épreuve traversée par un détenu singulier. Cette thèse prend pour objet la manière dont le justiciable, candidat à un aménagement de peine, se voit engagé à suivre un programme institutionnel, un curriculum de la réinsertion. Au cours de cette épreuve, le détenu est conduit à se rapprocher des attentes qui s’expriment à son égard, d’un schéma du bon candidat à ’aménagement de peine. Les gages qu’il doit présenter « enveloppent » tout ce qui fait une personne : gages d’insertion socio-économique, mais aussi gages d’une amélioration de son for intérieur, de son intimité psychique. Ces critères sont objectivés, notamment, par les expertises psychiatriques. Or, d’une manière ou d’une autre, l’ensemble des acteurs professionnels en prison, et même les bénévoles, sont mis à contribution dans ce projet institutionnel, qui prétend considérer comment le détenu a “évolué” en tant que personne. La thèse décrit cette économie morale : les relations de travail sous-tendues, en prison, par une politique pénale qui tend à gouverner les détenus en les enrôlant dans un programme dont on considère qu’il doit être voulu par le justiciable. / According to the law, a range of judicial measures allows to move a prisoner towards the outside of walls, in a temporary or long-lasting way. It is called sentencing reductions. One paradigm dominating public policies orders to favor the requests of these measures on behalf of the condemned prisoners. The idea is to organize progressive ways of release. The professional actors of the prison and the justice agree to consider that it is about the best transition between inside and the outside. Nevertheless, the obtaining of a measure such as the release on parole or the relative freedom is a matter of a very selective process. The professionals enlisted in these decision-making activities take into account orders of contradictory considerations polarized by, on one side, the ideal of the rehabilitation of the condemned person, and, on the other hand, the concerns concerning the recidivism. It results from it dilemmae, and demanding path for the condemned person. These requirements, the professionals give them a sense. They transform them into an meaningfull experience crossed by a singular prisoner. This dissertation takes for object the way the citizen, who applies to a sentencing reduction, get committed to follow an institutional program, a curriculum of the reintegration. During these hardships, the prisoner is driven to get closer to expectations which express themselves towards him/her. He is led into a plan of the good candidate for the sentencing reduction. The wages which he has to present "wrap" all which makes a person: wages of socioeconomic insertion, but also wages of an improvement of its heart of hearts, its psychic intimacy. These criteria are objectified, in particular, by psychiatric examinations. Yet, somehow or other, all the professional actors in prison, and even the volunteers, are put in contribution in this institutional project, which claims to consider how the prisoner "evolved". The dissertation describes this moral economy: the tend to govern the prisoners by enlisting them in a program of which we consider that they must desire to get hired into the programm.

Unpredictable situations are a common phenomena in detention centres. This is because employees work in daily contact with inmates. Correctional officers must therefore manage their own emotions as well as the emotions of their inmates. The aim of the study is to highlight the correctional officers’ experiences of insecurity in detention, when working with the inmates. Furthermore, the study examines the security measures taken by the leadership of detention centres as an authority to achieve greater security among its employees. Research shows that correctional officers are one of the most insecure professionals in the workplace. There are also various emotional rules that correctional officers must follow in their work with inmates, to maintain their legitimacy. The theoretical frame of reference of the study is based on Giddens structuration theory, his concept of ontological security and trust, and Hochschild's theory of emotional work. The present study uses qualitative interviews with individuals working on the detention centres, in close contact with the inmates. The results of the study show that strong collegial relationships as well as a strong individual self-confidence of the individual contribute to an increased sense of security at work. The feeling of security also depends on how long an individual has worked in the detention centres. There are informal emotional rules that employees need to follow in their professional role, and through emotion management this can influence prisoners' perceptions of insecurity. In terms of security measures, the detention centres have introduced alarms, meetings, and education to ensure a good working environment. The interviews indicated that the correct officers regarded the education for new staff is unsuccessful in various aspects by employees, and that the safety alarm was seen as the key element when it came to security measures. The sociological perspective, including several theories from Giddens and Hochschild, is relevant to the study as it aims to study subjective experiences and emotions in unpredictable situations that arise when working with inmates. / Oförutsägbara situationer är ett vanligt förekommande fenomen inom kriminalvården. Detta då de anställda arbetar i daglig kontakt med de intagna. Kriminalvårdare måste därför hantera både sina egna och de intagnas känslor. Syftet med studien är att belysa kriminalvårdares upplevelse av otrygghet på häktet, i arbetet med de intagna. Vidare undersöks vilka säkerhetsåtgärder som vidtas från kriminalvården som myndighet, för att uppnå en ökad trygghet hos de anställda. Forskning visar att kriminalvårdare är en av de yrkesgrupper som utsätts för mest otrygghet i arbetet. Det finns även olika känsloregler kriminalvårdare måste förhålla sig till i sitt arbete med de intagna, för att behålla sin legitimitet. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgår från Giddens teori om struktureringsteori, ontologisk trygghet samt tillit. Vidare utgår studien från Hochschilds teori om känsloarbete. I den föreliggande studien används kvalitativa intervjuer med individer som arbetar inom kriminalvården, i nära kontakt med de intagna. Studiens resultat visar att starka kollegiala relationer och självförtroende hos den enskilde individen bidrar till ökad trygghet i arbetet. Känslan av trygghet beror även på hur länge en individ arbetat på kriminalvården. På kriminalvården finns det informella känsloregler som de anställda behöver följa inom sin yrkesroll och genom känslohantering kan detta påverka kriminalvårdares uppfattning av otrygghet. Vidare till säkerhetsåtgärder har kriminalvården infört säkerhetslarm, möten samt utbildning för att säkerställa en god arbetsmiljö. Det framkommer genom intervjuerna att utbildningen för nyanställda uppfattas av de anställda som bristfällig i olika aspekter, och att säkerhetslarmet betraktas som en central del gällande säkerhetsåtgärderna på kriminalvården. Det sociologiska perspektivet, innefattande teorier från Giddens och Hochschild, är relevant för studien då den avser att studera subjektiva upplevelser och känslor i oförutsägbara situationer som uppstår i arbetet med de intagna.