The popularity of the term innovation is growing rapidly. Its significant role in the increasingly competitive world is not deniable. Consequently, to secure their profitable growth, enterprises across the world try to improve their innovation capabilities.After publishing the first international standard by ISO, in the realm of innovation management system, this current thesis project is performed to investigate the challenges and motivations that production units may have in implementing the new standard, ISO 56002, in their production processes. The empirical part of the project is carried out in cooperation with five Swedish industrial companies. A variety of companies regarding to the type of activities, size, age, etc. were selected. Based on the content of standard ISO 56002, the collected data from prior research and empirical findings, an analysis is performed. The results shows that organizations have different approaches toward managing innovation activities and their current innovation management’s capabilities is a determining factor for challenges with ISO 56002. However, all respondents have positive attitude toward the implementation of ISO 56002 in the production processes and consider it as a useful standard with many potential benefits for their organizations. Challenges that companies may confront, in applying ISO 65002 in the production processes, are culture, involvement of leadership, immaturity in working with processes, etc. Considering the consensus about the culture as a challenge, a model to enhance the employee’s engagement is suggested.This thesis is one of the pioneers in investigating the applicability of ISO 56002:2019 in a production process. It can provide production units with useful information and contribute to the innovation management community.The empirical information is collected from companies that have not implemented ISO 56002.Future studies by focusing on the companies with ISO 56002, can shed light on new aspects of the standard’s applicability in the production processes and develop findings of the present thesis. Additionally, the implementation of standard’s various features in production processes can be inspected individually. Keywords:ISO 56002:2019, ISO 56000:2020, Standard, Innovation, Innovation Management System, Production Process / <p>The presentation was online through the application ZOOM.</p>

近年來我國在高等教育的學校與人數上均有大幅的成長。而這些豐富的研究人力，需要充沛的研究經費予以支援學術研究工作。實務上，我國於開放高等教育機構的設立後，各界所提供的研發經費並未相對應的增加，各校為因應整體環境趨勢的改變，乃積極研議如何強化學術研究成果的擴散，以提升學術聲望並獲得更多的實質效益。本研究在此情境下，試圖從國內大學之知識創新的實務發展，建構一套研究成果擴散效益的運作模式。 大學知識產業化是知識經濟發展的趨勢，尤其基礎研究是技術發展與應用研究的主要來源。大學知識創新過程是科學知識在創新系統內的生產、運用與擴散的過程。而建立有效的成果管理機制，減少外在環境的不確定性並改善知識流動的效率，是創新系統成功的關鍵。 鑑於大學係國家創新系統的重要成員之一，而創新的效率取決於系統內各成員之財務、知識、人力與法規的交流，即所謂的「三螺旋(Triple Helix)」的觀念。因此，為尋求最佳的創新系統，亟須建立有效的衡量項目，並促使創新成果在市場機制的導引下，獲得知識創新與擴散的經濟效益。如美國為因應創新系統失靈，於1980年以後，研訂一連串的相關法令，透過研發經費的補助、智財權下放與鼓勵設置專責技轉單位等措施，刺激大學將豐富的研究產出移轉到產業界，政府的研究資源分配亦更加重視目標導向與產業導向的發展計畫，結果所獲得的回收遠超過預期，其作法吸引世界各國競相仿效。我國亦於近年來透過相關法令的制定以及經費補助等措施，期望將大學的研究產出從知識的創造轉變為知識的加值與運用，以帶動產業知識化，並促進知識產業化之效益。 因此，欲探討大學的成果擴散效益時，不只是依循過去大多數學者從產學合作的觀點，更應考量政府在創新過程中所扮演的角色與功能，以及將衡量國家創新系統績效之方法運用到大學的成果擴散效益的呈現上，以建立適合我國大學創新成效的衡量模式。 本研究架構從教師的「研究人力」、「研究經費」以及「產學關係」等三構念探究對於「研究產出」以及成果推廣所產生的「擴散效益」之關聯，另外，再從學校的研究成果「管理機制」以及「政府措施」等二構念探究對於其他構念所帶來的影響，以瞭解彼此之關聯，並建立適合我國大學研究投入、產出以及擴散的運作模式。 因此，除了收集國內外的文獻以歸納整理美日等國在大學研究成果擴散效益的探討內容與衡量項目外，並透過問卷調查與實地訪問國內大學教師與研究成果推廣中心(或技轉中心)主管，以瞭解國內大學研究成果的實務運作，以獲得本研究的初步架構，繼而從美日以及我國大學的個案研究，探討國家創新系統的角色所帶來的影響，以強化研究架構之各構念的關聯性。 其次，採取初級資料的收集方法，以國內大學校院教師為問卷調查對象，進行敘述統計以計算樣本的各項指標分布狀況，以信效度指標確認問卷的可靠性與有效性，並運用探索性因素分析來萃取出本研究重要之變數，再以線性結構關係模型分析本研究變數之間的關係，以驗證各構念彼此之間的關聯性。 本研究獲得以下的結論： 一、「研究人力」與其他構念之關聯 「研究人力」對「產學關係」有直接的正向影響，對「研究經費」、「研究產出」與「擴散效益」則有間接的正向影響效果，而且整體的影響效果是顯著的。所以，研究人力是成果散效益的基本要素，配合其他構念的運作可以對研發成果之擴散效益產生正向的影響。 二、「研究經費」與其他構念之關聯 「研究經費」對於「研究產出」與「擴散效益」均沒有顯著的正向影響。顯示一味強調大學研究經費投入的作法無法帶來實質的成效，反而浪費有限的資源，因此，研究經費投入前，宜先制定一套評估機制，充分考量學校的研究人力、以往的研究產出與擴散效益之表現，以有效地配置研究經費。 三、「研究產出」與其他構念之關聯 「研究產出」對於「擴散效益」有直接的正向影響，表示大學教師所創造出來的成果越多，則相對地促使成果擴散的效益越大。此外，研究產出的增加亦可影響其他構念對「擴散效益」的關聯性。因此，為提高擴散效益，學校宜積極鼓勵教師增加研究成果的產出。 四、「產學關係」與其他構念之關聯 「產學關係」除了對「研究產出」與「研究經費」產生直接的正向影響外，亦間接影響「研究經費」與「研究產出」分別對「擴散效益」的關聯性。顯示產學關係可彌補大學與企業的技術落差，提高產業對學校研究成果之需求，促使教師研究產出的擴散效益更佳。 五、「管理機制」與其他構念之關聯 「管理機制」對「產學關係」與「擴散效益」均有直接的正向影響，顯示學校在成果管理與運用的積極作為(如技轉單位的設置、技轉人員的規模與培訓、獎勵措施的制定等)以及促進產學之間的關係可提高研究成果推廣所帶來的效益。 六、政府措施與其他構念之關聯 「政府措施」不但對「擴散效益」有直接的正向影響，亦對「產學關係」有直接的正向影響，此外，對「研究經費」與「研究產出」亦有間接的正向影響。因此，未來應加強我國政府的角色，充分發揮驅動與強化的功能，解決大學研究成果擴散的管制與障礙、營造產學研發資源共享環境以提高大學研究產出的擴散效益。 / After the government lifted the restriction on the number of higher education institutes, in the past two decades the number of university in Taiwan has increased dramatically (16 in 1986, and 102 in 2008). The government apparently could not match up this increase, with its slow pace of education budget increase. The shortage of development funds from governmental agency in charge is no doubt obvious for all universities. Therefore, to receive an ample share of governmental education budget has become competitive and even difficult. As the global economy weighs more on the generation and dissemination of knowledge nowadays, universities seems to see themselves clearer in the business picture for their role on the economic market. University officials and the government both also understand that a productive conversion of university intellectual assets, referring to knowledge-based creation or innovation, to innovation-derived benefit can be crucial for future university development. Thus, not only the university finance will be improved, its academic performance shall also be expected to enhance when this conversion is being well performed productively. An innovation management system here refers to a university system to manage its intellectual capital, such as support and process infrastructures, in facilitating the conversion process that enable the university to convert its intellectual assets into commercially viable properties. An important aspect of this study is to analyze national and international innovation management systems currently practiced in universities for greatest innovation-derived benefit. In the current of knowledge–based economic development, the knowledge-based innovations owned by universities is inevitably weighed more than ever in value. Many Universities may fall in a dilemma about how to weigh market–oriented research in comparison with fundamental scientific knowledge, since the latter never the less could lead to market–oriented innovation in the future. Furthermore, to maximize the value of innovation, it is commonly accepted that a proper management for conversion is almost as important as the producing of it. When it comes to determine the value or the benefit the innovations could bring, other than university’s innovation capability, which tends to have the potential to incubate more research outcomes, the performance of innovation management system is one of the most decisive factors. To achieve a good performance, three conditions are proposed to maintain an efficient innovation management system: an effective management mechanism, reduce adverse influences on incubating innovation assets, and increase knowledge sharing. The maintenance of such a system is then further categorized as seven conceptual indices (CIs) for later evaluation: research manpower, research grant, innovation outcomes, management mechanism, university-industry relations, government policy, and innovation-derived benefit. The first four are regarded as part of intellectual capital, while the other three are considered as strongly linked to the performance of the innovation management system currently being operated in Taiwan’s universities. They will be discussed in connection the first five CIs for their inter-relations. Since universities is under the scheme of National Innovation Systems (NIS), which covers primarily a finance and service system, a technological innovation system, and a knowledge-based innovation system, any management taking place in a university on each of any sub-system under the NIS will affect the NIS to some extent. By the same token, considering those mentioned above several conceptual indices are proposed to elucidate the results of the evaluation model applied in this study to examine similar management systems in different universities for comparison. This evaluation model is expected to help optimize the current managerial models to best meet the knowledge-based economic development needs and enlarge the innovation-derived benefit from university innovation assets. Prior to 1980s, the promotion on innovation in the U.S. was generally considered failed. To save the failing systems, the U.S. government announced a series of new regulations to promote the capitalization of academic innovations by universities. Those policy measures mainly included governmental subsidy to research grants, less constraints on intellectual property (IP) licensing, and start-ups for IP transfer. Furthermore, the government diverted more its research support into market-oriented development projects. Since such moves later resulted in a positive outcome beyond expectation, Taiwan as well as some other countries began to replicate those measures in their own countries. As the sources of future development increasingly depend on the derived benefit from innovation, the success of NSI originated by the U.S. government has indicated a new approach different from previously predominated models of solely university-industry cooperation. The involvement of government role in the NSI has been proved essential for its success. Similarly, the innovation management system being operated with the university intellectual capital to enhance the conversion to innovation-derived benefit is defined as the innovation assets management system (IAMS). It can be considered as a sub-system of the NSI, and the use of the evaluation model to examine the IAMSs can properly shows the difference among all the IAMSs by university. Furthermore, the evaluation model proposed takes account of surveys including interviews with IP transfer professionals and research professors. Cases of universities practicing the IAMS along with others published in literature are also studied to help access the relations among index items in the model. The model is constructed with several measures, including Structural Equation Model (SEM), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), to evaluate the performance of the IAMS on successful conversion from intellectual assets into benefit. The model results are depicted with CIs as the conclusions. A qualitative survey is carried out on the evaluation of inter-relations among the seven CIs described above with Taiwan’s university educators as respondents. Confidence interval is applied to assure data reliability and validity. Significant model variables are identified using the explorative factor analysis. Finally the linear regression is applied to examine the relations among those CIs. The results of this study can be concluded as the following: 1.Research manpower It has positive influence directly towards university-industry cooperation when affecting positively towards research grant, innovation outcomes and innovation-derived benefit. The result suggests that it be the fundamental CI responsible to innovation-derived benefit. And along with other CIs, this CI could result in a comprehensive enhancement on the innovation-derived benefit. 2.Research grant It shows less significant effect over innovation outcomes and innovation-derived benefit. This conclusion indicates that the scale of innovation outcomes will not necessarily in proportion to the financial investment on research. It is suggested that a comprehensive evaluation on research manpower, innovation capability, and research capacity, etc. should be conducted prior to market-oriented investment on research. 3.Innovation outcomes This term shows a positive relation with the innovation-derived benefit. It is easy to understand that university educators with more innovation outcomes tend to receive more innovation-derived benefit. Furthermore, increase in innovation outcomes will also help induce stronger links among the other CIs towards the innovation-derived benefit. Thus, encouraging educators for more innovation outcomes is no doubt a good measure for universities. 4.University-industry relations University-industry relations bear positive influence to innovation outcomes and research grant. It also shows its positive effect on the relations between research grant to innovation-derived benefit and between innovation outcomes to innovation-derived benefit. The role of university-industry relations can be depicted as to lessen the technological gap between university and industry, facilitate the industry need for university innovation outcomes, and multiply innovation-derived benefit. 5.Management mechanism The management mechanism shows positive influence on university-industry relations and innovation-derived benefit. An effective management mechanism on innovation outcomes would directly lead to excellent benefit derived from innovation outcomes. 6.Government policy Government policy shows straight links to university-industry relations and innovation-derived benefit. It also indicates an indirect effect on enhancing both research grant and innovation outcomes. In the future, the government should play a key role in promoting universities to practice such a system and help resolve difficulties arisen.

Basierend auf den Erfahrungen der Mitarbeiter der confuture Innovationssysteme GmbH auf den Gebieten der Entwicklung von internetbasierten Anwendungssystemen und Groupware-Anwendungen sowie den Mitarbeitern des Instituts für Wirtschaftsinformatik der Universität Leipzig (IWi) bei der Entwicklung, Einführung und Betrieb von e-Learning-Systemen im Projekt „Winfoline“ wurde im Jahre 2003 der Prototyp eines modularen, frei konfigurierbaren e-Learning Systems entwickelt.

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver um modelo conceitual de autoavaliação para que organizações que buscam a excelência em gestão da inovação possam verificar em que nível de maturidade se encontram em relação às cláusulas e aos itens da Norma ABNT NBR ISO 56002:2020. Busca-se demonstrar a aplicabilidade do modelo mediante o desenvolvimento de um estudo empírico em uma das empresas do setor elétrico – a Light SESA. A pesquisa pode ser considerada aplicada, metodológica e descritiva. A metodologia compreende: (i) revisão da literatura e análise documental sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa; (ii) definição da estrutura analítica em rede, conforme o método Analytic Network Process (ANP) e segundo a estrutura da referida Norma; (iii) emprego do método ANP para atribuição de pesos aos 28 itens da Norma, mediante reuniões consensuais com especialistas com formação e experiência em gestão da inovação; (iv) elaboração e aplicação do instrumento de autoavaliação junto ao gestor de inovação da empresa Light SESA e a membros de sua equipe para avaliar o nível de maturidade da empresa em relação às cláusulas e aos itens da Norma, com uso da lógica fuzzy; (vi) emprego do método Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) para identificar os itens que devem ser priorizados, visando à melhoria do sistema de gestão da inovação da empresa. Como resultado principal, destaca-se uma sistemática inovadora de autoavaliação para organizações que buscam a excelência em gestão da inovação, na perspectiva de apoiar processos decisórios internos referentes à melhoria contínua de seus sistemas de gestão da inovação. O estudo de caso na Light SESA demonstrou ser plausível determinar o nível de maturidade desta empresa em relação às cláusulas e itens da Norma ABNT NBR ISO 56002:2020 e permitiu identificar oportunidades de melhoria de seu atual sistema de gestão da inovação. / [en] The objective of the dissertation is to develop a conceptual model of self-assessment for organizations that search for excellence in innovation management to verify at which level of maturity they are concerning the ABNT NBR ISO 56002:2020 standard clauses and items. It seeks to demonstrate the model s applicability by developing an empirical study on one of the companies from the electric power sector – Light SESA. The research can be considered applied, methodological and descriptive. The methodology comprises: (i) literature review and documentary analysis on the central research themes; (ii) definition of the analytical structure according to the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method and the structure of the ABNT NBR ISO 56002:2020 standard; (iv) application of the ANP method for assigning weights to the 28 normative elements with the participation of experts in the field of innovation management; (v) elaboration, pre-test, and application of the self-assessment tool in Light SESA, asking the innovation manager and collaborators to evaluate the level of maturity of the company in relation in relation to the Standard clauses and items, and using the fuzzy logic; (vi) employment of the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method to identify the requirements that should be prioritized aiming to improve the company s innovation management system. As the main result of this dissertation, the assessment model of innovation management systems of companies based on ABNT NBR ISO 56002:2020 Standard can be highlighted from the perspective of supporting internal decision-making processes related to the continuous improvement of their innovation management systems. The case study in Light SESA could demonstrate the self-assessment model s applicability and managerial contributions, helping the company to identify improvement opportunities of its current innovation management system.

The overall aim of this thesis was to identify and analyze good innovation management practices in Sweden’s most innovative large companies, excluding governmentally owned organizations. Out of 500 large organizations in Sweden, the top 25 most innovative companies have been ranked based upon over 7,000 printed press articles from 2018 available through Retriever Media. The companies are ranked by their innovations score which is calculated by the number of articles a company is mentioned in, adjusted to the company size, and multiplied with the mean sentiment score. The top 25 companies from the ranking was compared with 25 reference companies, active within the same industry based on the Swedish Standard Industrial Classification (SNI) number, that received a lower innovation score. Good innovation management practices were analyzed based on 14 qualitative interviews in 12 of the top 15 ranked companies and a quantitative survey responded by 20 top ranked and 17 reference companies. The interviews were semi structured with open ended questions to identify used practices, and the reasoning behind them. Spearman’s correlation method has been used to investigate if there was any correlation between the company’s innovation score, the mean performance score, and the mean importance score rated by respondents. The company case studies provide authentic examples on how and when different methods and concepts are used within industry. However, while theoretical frameworks often are strictly defined and described in solitary, the interviews have shown that when used within industry, it is rather the opposite. In many of the interviewed companies, frameworks and methods are modified, combined and constantly evolving. Aspects that the interviewees have expressed as important for an innovative company are: Innovation and change should be iterative, decentralized and started in small scale while receiving full support from top management. Examples of identified practices are: The innovation vision is used in the decision-making process for new ideas. Keywords connected to innovation are used for guiding new aspirations. There is an overall aim to become industry or/and digital leaders. Although the interviewed companies had similar innovation management practices, they were usually modified to fit within the company’s own organization and industry. The interviews contributed with interesting collection of practices within their authentic setting from which other companies could draw inspiration from. Lastly, a handbook was created describing how to conduct the innovation ranking annually, including a description of how to use the software as well as the required script of code. / Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats har varit att identifiera och analysera hur ett antal stora och framgångsrika bolag bedriver innovationsledning. Av 500 svenska företag har de 25 mest innovativa rankats baserat på hur företagen framställts i över 7000 tryckta artiklar under 2018. I artiklarna som tagits fram via Retriever Media har företagen poängsatts efter antalet artiklar som de omnämnts i, korrigerat efter företagens storlek, multiplicerat med artiklarnas genomsnittliga sentimentvärde. De 25 högst rankade företagen jämfördes sedan med 25 referensföretag aktiva inom samma bransch enligt standarden för svensk näringsindelning (SNI). God innovationsledningspraxis identifierades och analyserades genom 14 intervjuer med 12 av de 15 högst rankade företagen, samt en enkätstudie som besvarades av 20 av de 25 högst rankade företagen och 17 av referensbolagen. Intervjuerna var semi strukturerade med öppna frågor för att identifiera den innovationsledningspraxis som företagen använder sig av samt bakomliggande resonemang. Spearmans rangkorrelation användes för att identifiera eventuella korrelationer mellan företagens innovationsrankning och hur företaget presterar med avseende på olika innovationsaspekter samt hur viktiga dessa aspekter anses. Analysen av innovationsledningspraxis resulterade i praktiska exempel på hur och när olika metoder, verktyg och strategier användes inom företagen. Managementteorier som kan uppfattas som strikta i litteraturen visade sig kombineras, modifieras och utvecklas i flera av de intervjuade företagen. Aspekter som företagen lyfte fram som viktiga var att innovation och förändring behöver ske iterativt, decentraliseras och startas småskaligt med full uppbackning av företagsledningen. Några av de olika sätt att framgångsrikt leda innovation som identifierats är att: Det finns en vision för hur för företaget ska jobba med innovation och denna vision ligger till grund för mycket av den beslutsfattande processen när det kommer till nya idéer. Nyckelord kopplade till olika innovationsmål används frekvent för att leda forskning och utveckling i rätt riktning. Det finns även ett övergripande mål om att bli det ledande företaget inom olika områden och näringsgrenar. Även om många av de intervjuade företagen hade liknande innovationsledningspraxis så var denna ofta modifierade för att passa det enskilda bolaget eller branschen. De intervjuade företagen bidrog med en stor mängd intressanta metoder och insikter som andra företag kan inspireras och dra nytta av för att förbättra sin innovationsledningsförmåga. Slutligen sammanställdes en handbok för att genomföra en innovationsrankning, inklusive hur man använder de programvaror som krävs samt all nödvändig kod för att möjliggöra en återkommande rankning av innovativa företag.

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver um modelo conceitual de autoavaliação para que instituições científicas, tecnológicas e de inovação (ICT), que buscam a excelência em gestão da inovação, possam verificar em que nível de maturidade se encontram em relação às cláusulas e itens da Norma ABNT NBR ISO 56002:2020. Busca-se demonstrar a aplicabilidade do modelo mediante o desenvolvimento de um estudo empírico em uma unidade de pesquisa do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações – o Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT). A metodologia compreende: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa; (ii) construção do modelo conceitual de autoavaliação de sistemas de gestão da inovação, considerando o papel das ICT como intermediários de inovação; (iii) definição da estrutura analítica em rede, conforme os itens da referida Norma, e elaboração do instrumento de autoavaliação; (iv) definição dos pesos dos itens da Norma com participação de especialistas convidados; (iv) aplicação do instrumento de autoavaliação junto a gestores da instituição participante do estudo empírico; (vii) identificação dos itens que devem ser priorizados, visando à melhoria do sistema de gestão da inovação da instituição. Destaca-se como resultado principal uma sistemática inovadora de autoavaliação de instituições científicas, tecnológicas e de inovação, criada na perspectiva de apoiar processos decisórios referentes à melhoria contínua de seus sistemas de gestão da inovação. / [en] The objective of this dissertation is to develop a conceptual model of selfassessment so that scientific, technological and innovation institutions (ICT, acronym in Portuguese), which seek excellence in innovation management, can verify their level of maturity in relation to the clauses and items of the ABNT NBR ISO 56002:2020 Standard. To demonstrate the applicability of the model in a real context, an empirical study was developed in a Research Unit of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation – the National Institute of Technology (INT, acronym in Portuguese). The methodology comprises: (i) bibliographic and documental research on the central themes of the research; (ii) design of a conceptual model for self-assessment of innovation management systems, considering the role of ICT as innovation intermediaries; (iii) definition of the analytic network structure, according to the items of the aforementioned Standard, and elaboration of the self-assessment instrument; (iv) definition of the weights of the assessment items with the participation of invited experts; (iv) application of the self-assessment instrument with managers of the ICT participating in the empirical study; (vii) identification of items that should be prioritized, with a view to improving the institution s innovation management system. The main result is an innovative system of self-assessment of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Institutions, created with a view to supporting decision-making processes regarding the continuous improvement of their innovation management systems.