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Řízení před Mezinárodním trestním soudem / Procedure before the International Criminal CourtLinhartová, Radka January 2016 (has links)
The paper analyses the trial before the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the light of theoretical models elaborated in the State traditions - the continental (inquisitorial) system and the Anglo-American (adversarial) system. Hypothesis from the beginning of this paper according to which the trial is predominantly based on features of the continental (inquisitorial) criminal procedure has been confirmed. Regulations comprise the trial procedure before the ICC contain mostly provisions typical for continental (inquisitorial) criminal procedure. The paper contain the case study of the first trial before the ICC (Thomas Lubanga case) with a view to procedural problems at this stage of the proceeding. The way of interpretation typical mainly for continental (inquisitorial) criminal procedure have been used as a solution of these problems.
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Analyse psychosociale du rôle des motivations à punir dans l’usage de l’expertise d’un accusé en contexte de détermination de la peine en France / Psychosocial analysis of the role of the motives for punishment in the use of expertise of a defendant in the context of sentencing in FranceNiang, Anta 23 September 2019 (has links)
L’objectif général de la thèse vise à étudier l’impact des conclusions d’expertises psychologiques et psychiatriques en contexte de détermination d’une peine d’emprisonnement. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’examiner le rôle des finalités pénales (ou motivations à punir) dans la prise en compte d’une information expertale relative à l’altération mentale ou au risque de récidive dans l’attribution d’une peine. L’expertise peut être définie comme « l’ensemble des formes que prend l’introduction d’une rationalité technico-scientifique dans l’institution, le processus et la décision judiciaires » (Dumoulin, 2005, p.202). Les travaux issus de la littérature montrent généralement que l’expertise joue un rôle dans la prise de décision de jurés d’assises. Néanmoins, très peu de travaux (Krauss, Lieberman, & Olson, 2004 ; Krauss, McCabe, & Lieberman, 2012) mettent en évidence les variables interindividuelles pouvant expliquer ce processus décisionnel. Cette thèse propose précisément de s’intéresser aux finalités pénales comme potentielles variables explicatives de l’impact de l’expertise sur la détermination de la peine en France. Le programme de recherche s’articule autour de deux axes. Les deux premières études (axe 1) traitent du rôle des finalités pénales dans la prise en compte d’une information expertale relative à l’altération mentale (étude 1) ou au risque de récidive (étude 2) lors de la détermination de la peine. La troisième étude (axe 2) examine l’impact des antécédents judiciaires et d’une information expertale relative au risque de récidive sur la peine. De manière générale, les résultats de la thèse mettent en évidence la nécessité de prendre en compte la variabilité interindividuelle dans l’étude de l’impact de l’expertise sur les jugements judiciaires. Plus spécifiquement, les résultats suggèrent que l’usage d’une information expertale lors de l’attribution d’une peine à l’auteur d’un crime dépend des finalités que les individus associent à la peine. / The general purpose of the thesis is to study the impact of psychological and psychiatric testimonies in the context of sentencing. More specifically, this consists of examining the role of the motives for punishment in the consideration of expert information relating to altered mental state or the risk of recidivism in the sentencing process. Expertise can be defined as "all the forms that the introduction of a technical-scientific rationality takes in the institution, process and judicial decision" (Dumoulin, 2005, p.202). The literature generally shows that expertise plays a role in the decision-making of jurors. Nevertheless, only few studies (Krauss, Lieberman, & Olson, 2004; Krauss, McCabe, & Lieberman, 2012) highlights the interindividual variables that can explain this decision-making process. This thesis specifically proposes to focus on the motives for punishment as potential explanatory variables for the impact of expertise on sentencing in France. The research programme is divided in two axes. The first two studies (axe 1) deal with the role of the motives for punishment in taking into account expert information relating to altered mental state (study 1) or risk of recidivism (study 2) when sentencing. The third study (axe 2) examines the impact of criminal records and expert information on the risk of recidivism on sentencing. In general, the results of the thesis highlight the need to take into account interindividual variability in the study of the impact of expertise on judicial judgments. More specifically, the results suggest that the use of expert information when assigning a sentence to the perpetrator of a crime depends on the purposes that individuals associate with the sentence.
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O contraditório no procedimento fiscal para o lançamento de ofício: legitimação democrática, transparência e eficiência administrativa / The legal due process in the procedure of assessment: democratic legitimacy, transparency and administrative efficiencyJulio Cesar Vieira Gomes 22 August 2014 (has links)
Esse trabalho se propõe a demonstração que o atual procedimento fiscal para o lançamento de ofício carece de um realinhado com os valores constitucionais da democracia e eficiência através da introdução do direito ao contraditório antes da constituição do crédito tributário. Apesar da redemocratização do país e o reconhecimento e valorização do constitucionalismo como sistema jurídico, ainda se adota no Brasil um sistema inquisitório no procedimento de constituição dos créditos tributários pelo lançamento de ofício. O que significa a vedação ao contribuinte da iniciativa de manifestação para demonstrar a inocorrência dos fatos lhe imputados pela fiscalização. A sua participação durante o procedimento se caracteriza pela passividade, quando se limita ao atendimento das intimações para a apresentação das provas e esclarecimentos do interesse da administração tributária; portanto, o contribuinte não participa da formação do ato administrativo de lançamento tributário, apenas cumpre deveres legais. Assim, procuramos demonstrar que apesar da existência de um processo administrativo fiscal após o lançamento e a suspensão da cobrança, o crédito tributário constituído provoca efeitos jurídicos imediatos negativos aos contribuintes, o que justifica o contraditório durante o próprio procedimento de lançamento e não apenas durante o processo que se forma posteriormente. Também enfatiza-se o reconhecimento desse direito ao apontar a contradição entre a necessária colaboração do contribuinte para a revelação dos fatos geradores de efeitos tributários contra si mesmo e a adoção no Brasil de um sistema inquisitório tomado emprestado dos inquéritos policiais. / This lecture aims to demonstrate that the current tax procedure for the assessment needs of realignement with the constitutional values of democracy and efficiency through the recognizing the right to contest before the tax levying. Despite the democratization of the country and the recognizing and valuing of constitutionalism as a right legal system, we adopts in Brazil an inquisitorial system in the procedure of assessment. What means the prohibition for the taxpayer to prove for authority the taxable event does not happen. His participation during the procedure is characterized by passivity, restricted for anwering legal notices targeting to produce evidences against himself, everything according for interest of tax authority; therefore, the taxpayer does not participate in formation of the administrative act of tax assessment, only accomplish juridical duties. So, we will try to demonstrate that despite the existing of a tax administrative process after assessment and the suspension of the collection, the tax liability has negative immediate effect to taxpayers, which justify the contesting during the assessment procedure instead of only during the process filed later. The recognition of this right is emphasized by pointing out the contradiction between the necessary cooperation of the taxpayer for the revealing of the tax events against himself and the adoption in Brazil of an one-sided investigation system like a police inquiry.
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O contraditório no procedimento fiscal para o lançamento de ofício: legitimação democrática, transparência e eficiência administrativa / The legal due process in the procedure of assessment: democratic legitimacy, transparency and administrative efficiencyJulio Cesar Vieira Gomes 22 August 2014 (has links)
Esse trabalho se propõe a demonstração que o atual procedimento fiscal para o lançamento de ofício carece de um realinhado com os valores constitucionais da democracia e eficiência através da introdução do direito ao contraditório antes da constituição do crédito tributário. Apesar da redemocratização do país e o reconhecimento e valorização do constitucionalismo como sistema jurídico, ainda se adota no Brasil um sistema inquisitório no procedimento de constituição dos créditos tributários pelo lançamento de ofício. O que significa a vedação ao contribuinte da iniciativa de manifestação para demonstrar a inocorrência dos fatos lhe imputados pela fiscalização. A sua participação durante o procedimento se caracteriza pela passividade, quando se limita ao atendimento das intimações para a apresentação das provas e esclarecimentos do interesse da administração tributária; portanto, o contribuinte não participa da formação do ato administrativo de lançamento tributário, apenas cumpre deveres legais. Assim, procuramos demonstrar que apesar da existência de um processo administrativo fiscal após o lançamento e a suspensão da cobrança, o crédito tributário constituído provoca efeitos jurídicos imediatos negativos aos contribuintes, o que justifica o contraditório durante o próprio procedimento de lançamento e não apenas durante o processo que se forma posteriormente. Também enfatiza-se o reconhecimento desse direito ao apontar a contradição entre a necessária colaboração do contribuinte para a revelação dos fatos geradores de efeitos tributários contra si mesmo e a adoção no Brasil de um sistema inquisitório tomado emprestado dos inquéritos policiais. / This lecture aims to demonstrate that the current tax procedure for the assessment needs of realignement with the constitutional values of democracy and efficiency through the recognizing the right to contest before the tax levying. Despite the democratization of the country and the recognizing and valuing of constitutionalism as a right legal system, we adopts in Brazil an inquisitorial system in the procedure of assessment. What means the prohibition for the taxpayer to prove for authority the taxable event does not happen. His participation during the procedure is characterized by passivity, restricted for anwering legal notices targeting to produce evidences against himself, everything according for interest of tax authority; therefore, the taxpayer does not participate in formation of the administrative act of tax assessment, only accomplish juridical duties. So, we will try to demonstrate that despite the existing of a tax administrative process after assessment and the suspension of the collection, the tax liability has negative immediate effect to taxpayers, which justify the contesting during the assessment procedure instead of only during the process filed later. The recognition of this right is emphasized by pointing out the contradiction between the necessary cooperation of the taxpayer for the revealing of the tax events against himself and the adoption in Brazil of an one-sided investigation system like a police inquiry.
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