The sportification process of e-sports and padel in Sweden is analyzed by using the concepts of institutionalization and standardization, which are closely related elements of sportification. This contributes to map, and better understand the sportification process of emerging activities in Sweden. This is relevant, as there is a lack of research on this topic in Sweden, and previous research has shown conflicts between different stakeholders may arise. A multiple-case study design is used to draw different perspectives on the topic, where empirical data is collected through online documents and interviews with players and sport managers. Padel in Sweden is in the process of sportification and will grow its institutions with an upcoming membership with Riksidrottsförbundet (RF). Motives towards it are increased accessibility for youth to play padel, and a wish for clearer classifications according to level. On the other hand, a barrier might be the corporate character of the clubs, as they might wish to remain independent and have no incentive to grow towards more traditional sports practices, something that is in line with the commercialization of sports. Moreover, players appreciate the freedom they currently experience in their clubs. For e-sports, there are currently two national federations. The sport will likely become a member of RF in the future, with the main focus on facilitating grassroots competitions. Standardization is very limited, as competitions are organized by commercial entities that provide what is demanded by the audience. Moreover, the e-sport community has resistance towards more institutionalization and standardization, even though the importance of it for grassroots development and competition is acknowledged. Future research with analyses of other, carefully chosen cases will contribute to draw a more complete picture of the sportification process of emerging activities in Sweden and will enable to further generalize the findings of this study.

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This dissertation examines two recent programs for post-secondary Islamic theological training in Europe that aim to produce a new class of professional Islamic scholars for emerging roles within European society. Graduates can use their training and new qualifications to secure advanced professional roles and leadership positions within the Muslim community and the broader society and state. In the process, these graduates develop and define an emergent institutional role for Islamic knowledge and authority in Europe. This study is based in seven months of fieldwork research in 2017 at two centers for higher Islamic education, including participant observation within classrooms and interviews with students, faculty and alumni. Founded in 2009, the Cambridge Muslim College in Cambridge, England is a small private school that provides professional training for about a dozen graduates of the many Islamic seminaries in the UK. Founded in 2012 with support from the German state, the Center for Islamic Theology at the University of Tübingen provides Islamic theological training to hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students each year, many of whom have received no prior formal Islamic education. In addition to the institutional differences between the schools, their graduates enter into different job markets. Where the British graduates must develop new entrepreneurial roles for Islamic leaders in the UK, the German graduates become the skilled workforce to meet existing demand for public school Islam teachers, academic theologians and professional chaplains. Comparing these two educational programs—one private, the other public—this dissertation explores how the position of each school vis-á-vis the Muslim community and the state shapes the construction of scholarly authority and the professional outcomes of the graduates. It finds that students at each school leverage their new authority to formulate creative programs of Islamic reform that justify and promote new roles for professional Islamic scholars within both the Muslim community and the larger society. Drawing upon current scholarship about Muslim identity, Islamic authority and secularism in Europe, this study considers how prevailing national discourses that marginalize Muslims in Europe shape students’ creative programs of reform and so also the future institution of Islamic knowledge in Europe. / 2022-09-30T00:00:00Z

In 2015 the Swedish Foreign Minister announced that the foreign policy would be feminist. This thesis aims to advance an understanding of the process of institutionalizing feminism in the Swedish foreign policy statements and the effects this has had on Swedish foreign policy priorities. Through a combined approach of constructivist and feminist theory, it is argued that while areas related to feminism, such as women, gender, and equality, have been institutionalizing over the last two decades, the introduction of overt feminism has increased resistance. By drawing on institutionalization theory, gender mainstreaming, and hegemonic masculinity it is revealed how ‘adding women’ has been the main approach but that the use of ‘feminism’ has challenged the hegemonic masculinity embedded in foreign policy. The thesis concludes that aspects of feminism have been institutionalized, however, feminism as a structure is still at its emerging stage internationally. Moreover, it is discussed how the relationship between national and international political spheres affect the institutionalization process of norms cyclically.

Nyligen genomförda studier angående digitalisering visar att det kan nyttjas och spela en viktig roll när det kommer till förändringsprocesser inom organisationer. Den rådandepandemin har bidragit till en kraftigt ökad utvecklingshastighet där flertalet teknologiskt, drivna projekt initieras. Dock har det visat sig att flertalet av dessa projekt misslyckas med att väsentligt förändra företagen, detta då integreringen i samspråk med operationella och organisatoriska förändringsstrategier inte går hand i hand. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur organisationer har påverkats av digitaliseringen med särskilt fokus på organisationsstruktur samt förändringsledarskap. Utöver det är vår ambition att undersöka ifall det existerar någon skillnad när det kommer till ledarskap mellan mer traditionella banker jämfört med nykomlingar inom branschen. Studien görs med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där vi har genomfört intervjuer med chefer i högt uppsatt position samt mellanchefer på två olika företag. För att till fullo förstådigitaliseringens påverkan har vi konstruerat ett teoretiskt ramverk som inkluderar relevanta teorier. Vår studie avslöjade att digitalisering är ett högst adekvat område, däremot skiftardess betydelse av olika orsaker. Digitaliseringen kan placeras i två olika kontexter, inre samt yttre. Den inre kontexten är att digitalisering utav de existerande interna systemen och processerna rationaliseras, medan den yttre baseras, i mångt och mycket, utefter vad kunder efterfrågar samt till att säkerställa en högre grad av nöjdhet när det kommer till digitala affärer med banker. Sammanfattningsvis har pandemin, känd som COVID-19, påskyndat digitaliseringen inom banker för att möta diverse förväntningar där den digitala förändringen ses som normativ. Den finansiella branschen är i konstant förändring, även om regleringar representerar ett hinder för den digitala utvecklingen. Därav har den här studien kommit fram till att digitalisering kraftigt påverkar förändringsledarskapet på organisatorisk och operationell nivågenom konkurrens, kundmöten samt rättsliga faktorer. Framtida forskning behövs för att vidare analysera vår forskningsfråga och huruvida fenomenet är unikt för studiens valda bransch, och inkluderandet av medarbetsperspektivet. / In light of recent research regarding digitalization, it shows how it can be utilized and play an important role in both the organizational change process and content. The technological change indicates a rapidly increasing rate, even so during the occurrent pandemic, and more technology driven projects are being initiated. However, numerous of them fail to institutionalize significant change, instead of being integrated within the operational nor organizational change strategy. The purpose of this study is to examine how organizations have been affected by digitalization, with a focus on the organizational structure and its change management. Additionally, we intend to examine if there is a difference in leadership between traditional bank institutions and the new bank entrants. This study is based on a qualitative research method, where we executed interviews with top to middle management, in two different companies. To fully comprehend the impact of digitalization, we constructed a theoretical reference of frame that incorporates appropriate theories. The findings of this study revealed that digitalization is a highly relevant subject. However, we find that the focus differs for various reasons. The desired future state of digitalization separates into two contextual factors, internal and external. The internal factor is that digitalization rationalizes the existing internal processes and systems. The external factor is mainly based on the customers’ expectations and ensuring greater satisfaction regarding digital banking. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated digitalization of banking due to meeting various expectations, this digital change is being a normative response. Even thought he banking industry is in constant change, legislation is one of many factors hindering the development. Thus, this study concludes that digitalization heavily influences the change managements’ strategy through rivalry, customer service and legal factors. Future research is needed to further explore our research question and whether our results reflect a phenomenon unique to the banking industry, and also include the employee perspective. This thesis is written in Swedish.

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This project employs a modified version of the Bioarchaeology of Care (BoC) in an analysis of Burial 1 from the Mississippi State Asylum, Jackson, MS. Burial 1 is a skeletal individual recovered from the historic MSA cemetery. Notably, Burial 1 exhibits recidivistic cranial trauma in the form of cranial depression fractures (CDFs) and significant entheseal changes in the upper extremities. However, because there is no identifying information associated with Burial 1, interpretations of the caretaking they may have received, both prior to and after institutionalization, include short- and long-term outcomes from their community and the MSA. Additionally, Burial 1’s CDFs and subsequent traumatic brain injury likely increased their risk of being institutionalized and created complications for them in the MSA. Despite the limitations of this study, future research applying a modified BoC could lead to otherwise unknown information about the lived experiences of institutionalized patients in historic institutions of care.

This study analyzed demographic differences and differential mortality between the Mississippi State Asylum (MSA) and the state of Mississippi. Using census records, Biennial Reports, death certificates, and vital statistics from the Mississippi State Board of Health, statistical methods including Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard analysis were employed to explore significant differences in population demographics, hazard of death, and survivorship in general and with tuberculosis. Key results include proportionally more females in the MSA, increased hazard of death/decreased survivorship within the MSA compared to the State, and increased hazard of death/decreased survivorship for Black/AA individuals compared to their White/EA counterparts. This study demonstrates the intersectionality of sex, race, and institutionalization on survivorship and highlights the continued relevance of such issues in modern times, particularly regarding institutional treatment.

The new trends and challenges are transforming the traditional way of thinking and planning transport systems, with concepts like mobility as a service (MaaS) developing as a result of these transformations. Whilst, the concept of MaaS is still considered new, it is attracting attention from both researchers as well as actors involved within the transport sector. Countries are investigating, testing, and developing the MaaS concept, and Sweden is an active participant in this process with leading pilot projects and other initiatives in metropolitan areas of Stockholm and Gothenburg. However, the definition and ideas about this mobility solution are still not fully defined, and it is not clear how the implementation of the new ideas could and should be institutionalized in the real-life practices. Therefore, this thesis explores and discusses the institutionalisation of MaaS in the public sector in the Stockholm region. The theoretical approach of this thesis is based on institutional theory, which is used to guide the collection of data and analysis of the gathered dataset. The study utilises the method of document analysis and semi-structured interviews to collect information and abductive reasoning for further investigation. The empirical analysis draws attention to three overall aspects of ongoing institutionalization of MaaS: 1) the explanation of the process and drivers of it; 2) the emergence of new challenges; 3) and the impact of the institutionalization of MaaS to the public organizations. The final discussion suggests that in the Stockholm region the institutionalisation of MaaS is still nominal and uncertain when considered in general transport planning between the public organisations. However, the actors discussed are in the process of identifying the core challenges and are working to address them. These actions and changes manifest in the transforming roles and positions with the actors' network; in the development of new collaborations; and in the altering of future ambitions in the transport planning and the linkages to the long-term spatial infrastructural planning, which still lacks attention. The study outlines key areas of future research, including issues with the evolving requirements MaaS can bring to the transport infrastructure and the need for short- and long-term analysis of the MaaS impact to the sustainable transport system. / Nya trender och samhällsutmaningar har skapat ett förändringstryck gentemot den traditionella transportplaneringen, vilken i sin tur har banat väg för nya begrepp och lösningar – t ex mobilitet som tjänst (MaaS). MaaS är ett relativt nytt fenomen, som har rönt stor uppmärksamhet bland forskare, myndigheter och privata aktörer inom transportsektorn. Flera länder och stadsregioner undersöker, testar och utvecklar just nu olika typer av MaaS lösningar. Sverige är en aktiv aktör på området, och sjösätter pilotprojekt och andra initiativ bl. a. i storstadsområdena Stockholm och Göteborg. Samtidigt är det fortfarande inte helt tydligt vilken roll MaaS kan ha i det urbana transportsystemet, och det finns betydande osäkerheter gällande hur MaaS skulle kunna genomföras i större skala, i praktiken. I denna uppsats undersöks den pågående institutionaliseringen av mobilitet som tjänst hos aktörer inom offentlig sektor i Stockholmsregionen. Uppsatsen grundas i institutionell teori, som tillämpas i en analys av policydokument och intervjuer med nyckelaktörer från offentliga organisationer inom transportplanering. I den empiriska analysen riktas uppmärksamhet mot tre övergripande aspekter av vikt för den pågående institutionaliseringen av MaaS: 1) viktiga steg och drivkrafter i institutionaliseringsprocessen hittills; 2) samtida utmaningar och problem; 3) konsekvenser för offentliga planeringsaktörer. Studien visar sammantaget på att det pågår en institutionalisering av MaaS i Stockholmregionen, men att den   fortfarande är nominell och osäker – inte minst med tanke på den blygsamma roll som MaaS ännu spelar i transportplaneringen som helhet. De nyckelaktörer som uppmärksammas är emellertid redan på väg att identifiera och ta sig an de utmaningar som de har mött hittills, där de svåraste rör förändringen av roller och positioner, behov av att utveckla nya samarbeten samt förändrade ambitioner och mål för transportplaneringen i stort där konsekvenserna för långsiktig infrastrukturplanering fortfarande inte uppmärksammas i någon större utsträckning. Studien identifierar ett antal problem som behöver undersökas ytterligare, t ex konsekvenserna av MaaS för långsiktig transportinfrastrukturplanering och behovet av kort- och långsiktiga analyser av vad MaaS kan bidra med i arbetet för ett långsiktigt hållbart transportsystem.

This thesis inquires into the transformative potentials and possibilities of attending specifically to matters of occupation, settlement and development for rearticulating discourses and knowledge relations on homelessness to undermine the projects of separation of land from body. Through an historiographical analysis applied to the National Housing Strategy (NHS), Reaching Home (RH), and Housing First (HF), as contemporary Canadian iterations of housing and homelessness policy and practice, this work critically examines representations, attentions, and omissions to understand, engage, and intervene on considerations of the common projects that constitute discourses on homelessness. This analysis found that contemporary understandings communicate and define the homeless body as an identity of lack, novel to the neoliberal contemporary that omit attentions to homelessness as a colonial capitalist process implicated in ongoing, relational, and severed histories of violence. This work also revealed that NHS, RH, and HF operationalize solutions to ending homelessness through abstracted/eugenic ‘expert’ medicalized, liberalized, and market-based systems/taxonomies of worth that reify/silo/silence/erase knowledges through and by embodied projects and discourses of ‘rights’, justice, care, and help. While NHS, RH, and HF claim ‘housing as a right’ and advocate deinstitutionalization via a discourse of ‘choice’ in a market system, this work revealed these discourses to be part of a redeveloped economic institutionalized politics severed, rearticulated, and managed in the social sphere. These findings are considered as a violence of Land/Body bifurcation possible through and by the imposition of claims on body and land in the creation and maintenance of ideal citizen subjects as settlement subjectivities becoming self-determined rights holders, consumers, tenants, and citizen placeholders in a commodified market for home. Overall, this project aims to contribute to a resistance of the severing violence of occupation, settlement, and development through an ontology of Land/Body simultaneity offering possibilities for transformational intervention into the context from which the ideas of homeless bodies and landscapes emerge. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)