Esta pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia, baseada em duas técnicas não invasivas para identificação e diagnóstico de pontos quentes em transformadores de potência durante plena operação ou em fase de projeto. A primeira técnica é baseada na medição de radiação infravermelha, emitida pelo equipamento em funcionamento e registrada por meio de análise termográfica. A segunda técnica é possível a partir do conhecimento prévio das características construtivas do transformador, fazendo uso do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). A segunda técnica pode ser validada a partir das medições realizadas utilizando a primeira técnica. A formação de gases no interior dos transformadores de potência, devido à elevação da temperatura do óleo isolante em função dos pontos quentes, é discutida em detalhes com base nas normas técnicas estabelecidas pelo IEEE e IEC. As técnicas e procedimentos abordados ao longo dessa pesquisa foram obtidos a partir de um transformador com potência nominal de 120 MVA e relação de tensão 13,8/230 kV, projetado para integrar uma fazenda eólica ao Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN). / This research presents a methodology based on two noninvasive techniques for identification and diagnostic of hot spots in power transformers during operation or project development. The first is based on measurements of infrared radiation from the equipment during operation and recording by thermography. The second technique is possible from the previous knowing of the constructive characteristics of the power transformer, by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The second technique can be validated from measurements obtained using the first technique. The gas formation into the power transformers, because of the high temperatures in the insulating oil due to the hot spots, is discussed in details based on normative recommendations well established by the IEEE and IEC. All techniques and procedures to be approached in this research were obtained using a 120-MVA power transformer with voltage relationship of 13.8/230 kV that was projected to interconnect a wind farm to the Interconnected Brazilian System (Sistema Interligado Nacional - SIN).

O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi de fazer a modelagem por meio de sistemas de inferência Fuzzy da análise da concentração dos gases dissolvidos no óleo mineral isolante e desta forma diagnosticar defeitos elétricos internos em transformadores de Potência. Assim sendo o sistema proposto deve fornecer respostas que auxiliem no diagnóstico de falhas e avarias nos interiores dos transformadores e no processo de tomada de decisões no acompanhamento da evolução destas falhas de forma a aumentar a confiabilidade em relação à utilização dos métodos individualmente. O sistema desenvolvido baseou-se na pesquisa acadêmica de normas e técnicas mais utilizadas na literatura que relacionam o gás dissolvido no óleo mineral isolante com a falha. O sistema proposto foi validado por meio de dados reais de dois transformadores pilotos e vários sistemas Fuzzy foram construídos, cada um especialista em um determinado método. Os resultados encontrados mostraram-se compatíveis com aqueles obtidos pelos métodos convencionais comprovando que a ferramenta pode ser utilizada como suporte para uma análise rápida e confiável do estado do óleo isolante dos transformadores. / The objective of this research was to model by analyzing the fuzzy inference systems the concentration of gases dissolved in the insulating oil and diagnosing thereby internal defects in electrical power transformers. Therefore the proposed system should provide answers that help in the diagnosis of faults and malfunctions in the interiors of the transformers and in the decision-making process in monitoring the evolution of these failures in order to increase the reliability regarding the use of the methods individually. The system developed was based on academic research standards and techniques commonly used in the literature relating the gas dissolved in the insulating oil with failure. The proposed system was validated by real data of two pilots transformers and various Fuzzy systems were built, each an expert in a particular method. The results were compatible with those obtained by conventional methods proving that the tool can be used as support for quick and reliable analysis of the insulating oil condition of transformers.

Semiconductor lasers based on gallium arsenide and relatedmaterials are widely used in applications such as opticalcommunication systems, sensing, compact disc players, distancemeasurement, etc. The performance of these lasers can beimproved using a buried heterostructure offering lateralcarrier and optical confinement. In particular, if theconfinement (burying) layer is implemented by epitaxialregrowth of an appropriate aluminium-free semi-insulating (SI)material, passivation of etched surfaces, reduced tendency tooxidation, low capacitance and integration feasibility areadditional advantages. The major impediment in the fabrication of GaAs/AlGaAsburied-heterostructure lasers is the spontaneous oxidation ofaluminium on the etched walls of the structure. Al-oxide actsas a mask and makes the regrowth process extremely challenging.In this work, a HCl gas-basedin-situcleaning technique is employed successfully toremove Al-oxide prior to regrowth of SI-GaInP:Fe and SI-GaAs:Fearound Al-containing laser mesas by Hydride Vapour PhaseEpitaxy. Excellent regrowth interfaces, without voids, areobtained, even around AlAs layers. Consequences of usinginadequate cleaning treatments are also presented. Regrowthmorphology aspects are discussed in terms of different growthmechanisms. Time-resolved photoluminescence characterisation indicates auniform Fe trap distribution throughout the regrown GaInP:Fe.Scanning capacitance microscopy measurements demonstrate thesemi-insulating nature of the regrown GaInP:Fe layer. Thepresence of EL2 defects in regrown GaAs:Fe makes more difficultthe interpretation of the characterisation results in the nearvicinity of the laser mesa. GaAs/AlGaAs buried-heterostructure lasers, both in-planelasers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, withGaInP:Fe as burying layer are demonstrated for the first time.The lasers exhibit good performance demonstrating thatSI-GaInP:Fe is an appropriate material to be used for thispurpose and the suitability of our cleaning and regrowth methodfor the fabrication of this type of semiconductor lasers.Device characterisation indicates negligible leakage currentalong the etched mesa sidewalls confirming a smooth regrowthinterface. Nevertheless, experimental and simulation resultsreveal that a significant part of the injected current is lostas leakage through the burying material. This is attributed todouble carrier injection into the SI-GaInP:Fe layer.Simulations also predict that the function of GaInP:Fe ascurrent blocking layer should be markedly improved in the caseof GaAs-based longer wavelength lasers. <b>Keywords:</b>semiconductor lasers, in-plane lasers, VCSELs,GaAs, GaInP, semi-insulating materials, hydride vapour phaseepitaxy, regrowth, buried heterostructure, leakage current,simulation.

<p>Instability in the administration of municipalities is a particularly serious problem in the Western Cape because of its large number of coalition councils. Coalitions have led to<br /> frequent changes in local governance and to constant changes in political and administrative leadership. Due to the fluidity in local government, the politics of the day have become synonymous with back-stabbing, secret agreements and arrangements between politicians and political parties wishing to align themselves in such a way as to gain control of the councils.1 A municipality is required by the Constitution2 to structure and manage its administration and budgets, budgeting and planning processes so as to give priority to the basic needs of the community and to promote the social and economic development of the community.3 Legislation further prescribes that &ldquo / a municipality must within its administrative and financial capacity establish and organize its administration in a manner that would enable the municipality to establish clear relationships, facilitate coordination, cooperation and communication between (i) its political structures and political office bearers and its administration / (ii) its political structures, political office bearers and administration and the local community&rdquo / .4 It may therefore be argued that a municipality subscribing to the abovementioned prescripts should be functioning effectively. However, in practice continuous administrative and political instability adversely impacts on a municipality‟s capacity to provide service delivery to the community. The 2006 local government elections resulted in only four out of 30 municipalities in the Western Cape having a single party with more than 50% of the seats (outright majority). The remaining 26 municipalities were governed by coalitions of two or more parties. In 2001, Parliament introduced floor-crossing legislation which allowed Members of Parliament, Members of Provincial Legislatures and local government councillors to change their political party (or form a new party) and retains their seats when they did so.5 As a result of the 2007 floor-crossing legislation, the number of municipalities with an outright majority increased to 7. Power changes continued to occur even after the 2007 floor-crossing as a result of by-election outcomes or new internal coalition arrangements. Coalition government in the Western Cape remains a reality following the 18 May 2011 local government elections: the Democratic Alliance won 12 municipalities outright, the African National Congress won 1, and in 12 municipalities there was no outright winner. Of the 12 last-mentioned municipalities, 7 municipalities produced hung municipalities, i.e. Bitou, Witzenberg, Laingsburg, Hessequa, Theewaterskloof, Matzikama and Prince Albert.</p>

<p>Semiconductor lasers based on gallium arsenide and relatedmaterials are widely used in applications such as opticalcommunication systems, sensing, compact disc players, distancemeasurement, etc. The performance of these lasers can beimproved using a buried heterostructure offering lateralcarrier and optical confinement. In particular, if theconfinement (burying) layer is implemented by epitaxialregrowth of an appropriate aluminium-free semi-insulating (SI)material, passivation of etched surfaces, reduced tendency tooxidation, low capacitance and integration feasibility areadditional advantages.</p><p>The major impediment in the fabrication of GaAs/AlGaAsburied-heterostructure lasers is the spontaneous oxidation ofaluminium on the etched walls of the structure. Al-oxide actsas a mask and makes the regrowth process extremely challenging.In this work, a HCl gas-based<i>in-situ</i>cleaning technique is employed successfully toremove Al-oxide prior to regrowth of SI-GaInP:Fe and SI-GaAs:Fearound Al-containing laser mesas by Hydride Vapour PhaseEpitaxy. Excellent regrowth interfaces, without voids, areobtained, even around AlAs layers. Consequences of usinginadequate cleaning treatments are also presented. Regrowthmorphology aspects are discussed in terms of different growthmechanisms.</p><p>Time-resolved photoluminescence characterisation indicates auniform Fe trap distribution throughout the regrown GaInP:Fe.Scanning capacitance microscopy measurements demonstrate thesemi-insulating nature of the regrown GaInP:Fe layer. Thepresence of EL2 defects in regrown GaAs:Fe makes more difficultthe interpretation of the characterisation results in the nearvicinity of the laser mesa.</p><p>GaAs/AlGaAs buried-heterostructure lasers, both in-planelasers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, withGaInP:Fe as burying layer are demonstrated for the first time.The lasers exhibit good performance demonstrating thatSI-GaInP:Fe is an appropriate material to be used for thispurpose and the suitability of our cleaning and regrowth methodfor the fabrication of this type of semiconductor lasers.Device characterisation indicates negligible leakage currentalong the etched mesa sidewalls confirming a smooth regrowthinterface. Nevertheless, experimental and simulation resultsreveal that a significant part of the injected current is lostas leakage through the burying material. This is attributed todouble carrier injection into the SI-GaInP:Fe layer.Simulations also predict that the function of GaInP:Fe ascurrent blocking layer should be markedly improved in the caseof GaAs-based longer wavelength lasers.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>semiconductor lasers, in-plane lasers, VCSELs,GaAs, GaInP, semi-insulating materials, hydride vapour phaseepitaxy, regrowth, buried heterostructure, leakage current,simulation.</p>

No description available.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe tiriamas akytojo stiklo (putų stiklo) technologijų panaudojimas statyboje. Remiantis užsienio šalių patirtimi išanalizuotos putų stiklo šilumos izoliacijos savybės, jo taikymo atvejai bei technologijų panaudojimas statyboje. Lietuvos rinkai pasiūlyta nauja šilumą izoliuojanti medžiaga – putų stiklas. Atsižvelgiant į putų stiklo, kaip termoizoliacinės medžiagos, išskirtines savybes ir jos panaudojimo galimybes, pateikta baseino – termoso įrengimo inovacinė idėja, panaudojant putstiklį baseino šiltinimui. Apskaičiuoti baseino – termoso atitvarų šiluminiai rodikliai: baseino dugno šilumos perdavimo koeficientas – 0,197 W/m2K; baseino sienų šilumos perdavimo koeficientas – 0,191 W/m2K; baseino dangčio šilumos perdavimo koeficientas – 0,202 W/m2K; baseino atitvarų projektiniai šilumos nuostoliai – 148,49 W. Atlikus skaičiavimus, nustatyta šilumos tiekimo sistemos galia baseino vandens šildymui – 187,1 W. Apskaičiuotos vidutinės mėnesio išlaidos baseino – termoso vandens šildymui, šildant 12 valandų per parą: balandžio mėn. ��� 20,31 Lt; gegužės mėn. – 12,34 Lt; birželio mėn. – 7,88 Lt; liepos mėn. – 6,74 Lt; rugpjūčio mėn. 7,63 Lt; rugsėjo mėn. – 13,17 Lt; spalio mėn. – 19,97 Lt. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, apžvalginis skyrius, putų stiklo technologijų panaudojimas statyboje, akytojo stiklo pritaikymo inovacinis pasiūlymas, išvados, literatūros ir kitų informacijos šaltinių sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 82 p. teksto be priedų, 65 iliustr., 15 lent., 61... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There are researching of foam glass technologies in construction in this master thesis. On abroad expierence ground, there are analysed foam glass heat insulation characteristics, it application cases and research of foam glass technologies in construction. There is suggested the new heat insulating material – foam glass to lithuanian market. According to foam glass, like thermal material, special characteristics and it application opportunities, there is presented the basin – thermos installation inovating idea in this thesis, use foam glass for thermal insulation. There are calculated termal indexes of the basin – thermos: the U value of the basin buttom – 0,197 W/m2K; the U value of the basin walls – 0,191 W/m2K; the U value of the basin cover – 0,202 W/m2K; the overal heat waste of the basin – thermos – 148,49 W. There are calculated expense for each month to heat the basin – termos water 12 hours a day: in April – 20,31 Lt; in May – 12,34 Lt; in June – 7,88 Lt; in July – 6,74 Lt; in August – 7,63 Lt; in September – 13,17 Lt; in October – 19,97 Lt. Structure: introduction, review, the research of glass technologies in construction, the inovating suggestion application of foam glass, conclusions, references. Thesis consist of: 82 p. text without appendixes, 65 pictures, 15 tables, 61 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.

<p>Instability in the administration of municipalities is a particularly serious problem in the Western Cape because of its large number of coalition councils. Coalitions have led to<br /> frequent changes in local governance and to constant changes in political and administrative leadership. Due to the fluidity in local government, the politics of the day have become synonymous with back-stabbing, secret agreements and arrangements between politicians and political parties wishing to align themselves in such a way as to gain control of the councils.1 A municipality is required by the Constitution2 to structure and manage its administration and budgets, budgeting and planning processes so as to give priority to the basic needs of the community and to promote the social and economic development of the community.3 Legislation further prescribes that &ldquo / a municipality must within its administrative and financial capacity establish and organize its administration in a manner that would enable the municipality to establish clear relationships, facilitate coordination, cooperation and communication between (i) its political structures and political office bearers and its administration / (ii) its political structures, political office bearers and administration and the local community&rdquo / .4 It may therefore be argued that a municipality subscribing to the abovementioned prescripts should be functioning effectively. However, in practice continuous administrative and political instability adversely impacts on a municipality‟s capacity to provide service delivery to the community. The 2006 local government elections resulted in only four out of 30 municipalities in the Western Cape having a single party with more than 50% of the seats (outright majority). The remaining 26 municipalities were governed by coalitions of two or more parties. In 2001, Parliament introduced floor-crossing legislation which allowed Members of Parliament, Members of Provincial Legislatures and local government councillors to change their political party (or form a new party) and retains their seats when they did so.5 As a result of the 2007 floor-crossing legislation, the number of municipalities with an outright majority increased to 7. Power changes continued to occur even after the 2007 floor-crossing as a result of by-election outcomes or new internal coalition arrangements. Coalition government in the Western Cape remains a reality following the 18 May 2011 local government elections: the Democratic Alliance won 12 municipalities outright, the African National Congress won 1, and in 12 municipalities there was no outright winner. Of the 12 last-mentioned municipalities, 7 municipalities produced hung municipalities, i.e. Bitou, Witzenberg, Laingsburg, Hessequa, Theewaterskloof, Matzikama and Prince Albert.</p>

Ce travail est consacré à l’élaboration et à la caractérisation de couches minces de parylène D déposées par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD) sous forme de films de quelques microns d’épaisseur. L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer les potentialités de ce polymère en remplacement des parylènes de type N ou C pour des applications spécifiques ou encore pour l’intégrer dans de nouvelles applications. Une première étude a consisté à évaluer l’impact des paramètres des dépôts CVD (température de sublimation, température de pyrolyse, température du substrat d’accueil du film déposé) sur les changements physico-chimiques, structuraux et diélectriques du parylène D. Pour cela, nous nous sommes appuyés sur des analyses FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, AFM, SEM, DMA. Nous avons également appliqué des stress thermiques au parylène D dans le but d’évaluer leur performance à haute température (>200°C) ainsi que les changements opérés au niveau de la structure cristalline (taille des cristallites, pourcentage de cristallinité,…) ou encore la stabilité des propriétés thermiques (température de transition vitreuse, température de cristallisation, température de fusion) et diélectriques (constante diélectrique e’, facteur de dissipation tand et conductivité basse fréquence s’) Enfin, des analyses diélectriques en fréquence (de 0,1Hz à 100 kHz) sur une large plage de température de fonctionnement (-140°C – 350°C) ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence de trois mécanismes de relaxations (a, b, g), une polarisation d’interface de type Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars et une polarisation d’électrode. Les performances diélectriques sont également discutées par comparaison aux parylènes de type N et C plus couramment utilisés aujourd’hui dans les applications industrielles. Cette étude permet ainsi de disposer maintenant de paramètres de dépôt CVD bien contrôlés pour le dépôt de films de parylènes D aux propriétés souhaitées pour une application spécifique / This work is mainly focused on the elaboration and the characterization of parylene D thin films of few micrometers deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The goal of this study is to evaluate the potentialities of this polymer in order to replace the parylene N or C for specific applications or to integrate it in new applications. A first study consisted in evaluating the impact of the CVD process parameters (temperature of sublimation, temperature of pyrolysis, substrate temperature) on the surface morphology, the molecular structure and dielectric changes of parylene D. For that, we were based on several analyzes techniques as FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, AFM, SEM, DMA. Thermal stresses were applied to parylene D to evaluate their performance at high temperature (>200°C) and the changes on the crystal structure (size of crystallites, percentage of crystallinity,…) or the stability of the thermal properties (temperature of transition, temperature of crystallization, melting point) and dielectric properties (the dielectric permittivity, the dissipation factor, the electrical conductivity and the electric modulus). Dielectric and electrical properties of Parylene D were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy in a wide temperature ranges from -140°C to 350°C and frequency from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz, respectively. (a, b and g)-relaxation mechanisms, interfacial polarization related to Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars and electrode polarization have been identified in this polymers. The dielectric performances of Parylene D have been also compared with parylenes N and C which are used in wide industrial applications. Optimized and controlled conditions of the CVD process of parylenes D are proposed in this work in relation to the properties. The obtained results open a new way for specific applications.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T07:36:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mariana da Silva Godinho - 2014.pdf: 11659350 bytes, checksum: 36a0ea84b6d0c992d5629322e89390a3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T07:42:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mariana da Silva Godinho - 2014.pdf: 11659350 bytes, checksum: 36a0ea84b6d0c992d5629322e89390a3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T07:42:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mariana da Silva Godinho - 2014.pdf: 11659350 bytes, checksum: 36a0ea84b6d0c992d5629322e89390a3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The lifetime of a power transformer is determined by the state of degradation of its insulation system. This system consists of Kraft paper immersed in insulating oil (IMO). In order to prevent an abrupt crash transformer its oxidation state should be monitored. This monitoring is performed using physico-chemical and chromatographic assays. The physico-chemical parameter of greatest importance is the interfacial tension (IT), which is a measure for assessing indirectly the oxidation state of the Kraft paper. The objective of this thesis to propose analytical methodologies to evaluate the oxidation process of the insulation system, both in naturally and accelerated degraded oil samples, using Image Analysis and spectroscopic techniques combined with methods of Multivariate Calibration (Partial Least Squares - PLS), Resolution Multivariate Curve and Data Fusion. Spectra of Moleculular Fluorescence (MF), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 1H (1H NMR), Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) and RGB images were obtained for a set of 268 oil samples provided by CELG Distribuição S.A. (CELG D). Subsequently, spectra in the Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) region, FM and RGB images were obtained for a set of 24 oil samples subjected to an accelerated degradation. PLS models were obtained in order to predict the IT and color parameters for the set of samples provided by CELG D. For the set of degraded samples PLS models were obtained for prediction of degradation time. PARAFAC and MCR-ALS models were obtained to evaluate the oxidation process of the insulating system and too identify the pure spectra of possible compounds formed during this process. Furthermore, low level data fusion combined with variable selection using the Variables Importance in the Projection (VIPs) was used in this study to obtain PLS models. The best PLS model for the set of samples provided by CELG D was obtained for the fused spectroscopic data using variable selection by VIPS. This model provided a mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.9 mN/m for IT and 0.3 for the color parameter (dimensionless units). PARAFAC and MCR-ALS models allowed to assess the process of system degradation. The proposed methodologies are fast and non-destructive, showing great advantages over traditional methods, which take a long time, and generate a lot of waste. This work opens perspectives for an online monitoring to assess the degradation of the insulating system besides having permitted a more detailed study on the compounds formed during the degradation process. / A vida útil de um transformador de potência é determinada pelo estado de degradação de seu sistema isolante. Esse sistema é constituído pelo papel tipo Kraft imerso em óleo mineral isolante (OMI). Para evitar que um transformador chegue ao seu fim de vida de forma abrupta é necessário que seja realizado o monitoramento do seu estado de oxidação. Esse monitoramento é feito através de ensaios físico-químicos e cromatográficos. O parâmetro físico-químico de maior importância é a tensão interfacial (TI), pois é uma medida que avalia indiretamente o estado de oxidação do papel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor metodologias analíticas para avaliar o processo de degradação do sistema isolante tanto em amostras degradadas naturalmente quanto em amostras degradadas aceleradamente, usando Análise de Imagens e técnicas espectroscópicas aliadas a métodos de Calibração Multivariada (Mínimos Quadrados Parciais - PLS), Resolução de Curva Multivariada e Fusão de Dados. Foram obtidos espectros de Fluorescência Molecular (FM), Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H (RMN de 1H), Infravermelho na região do próximo (FT-NIR) e imagens RGB de um conjunto de 268 amostras de OMI fornecidas pela CELG Distribuição S.A. (CELG D). Posteriormente, foram obtidos espectros de UV-Vis, FM e imagens RGB de um conjunto de 24 amostras degradadas aceleradamente. Modelos PLS foram construídos para prever os parâmetros TI e cor para o conjunto de amostras fornecidas pela CELG D. Para as amostras degradadas aceleradamente modelos PLS foram obtidos para previsão do tempo de degradação. Modelos PARAFAC e MCR-ALS foram construídos com objetivo de avaliar o processo de oxidação do sistema isolante e identificar os espectros puros de possíveis compostos formados durante esse processo. Além disso, Fusão de Dados de baixo nível aliada à seleção de variáveis usando as Variáveis de Importância na Projeção (VIPs) foram utilizadas neste trabalho para a obtenção de modelos PLS. O melhor modelo PLS para o conjunto de amostras fornecidas pela CELG D foi obtido para os dados espectroscópicos fundidos usando seleção de variáveis por VIPS. Esse modelo forneceu um erro médio quadrático de previsão (RMSEP) de 2,9 mN/m para previsão da TI e 0,3 para o parâmetro cor (unidade adimensional). Os modelos PARAFAC e MCR-ALS permitiram avaliar o processo de degradação do sistema isolante. As metodologias propostas são rápidas e não destrutivas, mostrando grandes vantagens sobre os métodos tradicionais, os quais demandam muito tempo, além de gerar uma grande quantidade de resíduos. Este trabalho abre perspectivas para um monitoramento direto (on-line) para avaliar a degradação do sistema isolante, além de ter permitido um estudo mais aprofundado a respeito dos compostos formados durante o processo de degradação.