Library automation in Ghana began barely 13 years ago with the University of Ghana Balme Library being the first to start automation in 2003. Library automation is attained by means of a specific type of information system, an integrated library system (ILS). Given that modern academic libraries rely heavily on their ILS to meet user needs, the success of the ILS is vital. In 1999 Farajpahlou published a set of 26 criteria to assess the success of ILS in university libraries that was subsequently validated in both developing and developed countries (Iran and Australia). In this case study of the University of Ghana Library System (UGLS) Farajpahlou‟s original set of criteria was assessed for applicability and used to assess the success of the UGLS by surveying 28 randomly selected library managers, IT specialists and selected paraprofessionals who work with the UGLS ILS. The study showed that, in the opinion of these respondents, the UGLS ILS conclusively satisfies 13 out of the 16 criteria accepted by the research respondents out of the 26 criteria that constitute the Farajpahlou (1999, 2002) success criteria. This outcome suggests that the UGLS ILS may not be conclusively deemed to be successful. Furthermore, the study also suggests that, although Farajpahlou‟s success criteria can serve as a basis for the assessment of ILS success in academic libraries, some criteria may need to be altered or removed and additional criteria added to make it a more robust set of criteria to assess ILS success globally. This research contributes to studies that seek to assess the success of library automation in academic libraries in Ghana and also contribute to the development of potentially suitable success assessment criteria, which may be of value to both researchers and practitioners. Library automation in Ghana began barely 13 years ago with the University of Ghana Balme Library being the first to start automation in 2003. Library automation is attained by means of a specific type of information system, an integrated library system (ILS). Given that modern academic libraries rely heavily on their ILS to meet user needs, the success of the ILS is vital. In 1999 Farajpahlou published a set of 26 criteria to assess the success of ILS in university libraries that was subsequently validated in both developing and developed countries (Iran and Australia). In this case study of the University of Ghana Library System (UGLS) Farajpahlou‟s original set of criteria was assessed for applicability and used to assess the success of the UGLS by surveying 28 randomly selected library managers, IT specialists and selected paraprofessionals who work with the UGLS ILS. The study showed that, in the opinion of these respondents, the UGLS ILS conclusively satisfies 13 out of the 16 criteria accepted by the research respondents out of the 26 criteria that constitute the Farajpahlou (1999, 2002) success criteria. This outcome suggests that the UGLS ILS may not be conclusively deemed to be successful. Furthermore, the study also suggests that, although Farajpahlou‟s success criteria can serve as a basis for the assessment of ILS success in academic libraries, some criteria may need to be altered or removed and additional criteria added to make it a more robust set of criteria to assess ILS success globally. This research contributes to studies that seek to assess the success of library automation in academic libraries in Ghana and also contribute to the development of potentially suitable success assessment criteria, which may be of value to both researchers and practitioners. / Mini Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Information Science / MIT / Unrestricted

隨著時代的變遷，圖書館員和使用者對於圖書館自動化系統的功能和現況漸漸產生許多不滿與問題。由於系統的開發過程封閉且原始碼無法取得，使圖書館只能另覓其他的自動化系統產品。開放程式的發展在二十一世紀隨著網際網路的發展受到重視。開放程式的圖書館自動化系統讓使用者除了使用還可以有複製、散佈、研究、改寫、再利用的自由。 本研究旨在探討台灣開放程式圖書館自動化系統的引進與發展現況，以Koha系統為研究對象，首先由文獻探討獲得圖書館自動化的現況、開放程式碼的發展，及開放程式應用於圖書館自動化系統之現況，並依據TAM科技接受模式為基礎設計問卷問項與進行分析，接著由訪談的方式深入瞭解台灣使用Koha系統的現況與問題，訪談對象包括使用Koha系統之圖書館以及與Koha系統相關的單位或個人，最後進行問卷調查與訪談資料整理分析。 本研究結果如下：1.台灣開放程式圖書館自動化系統的現況：台灣引進Koha系統始於2005年，由輔大圖資系毛慶禎副教授提倡Koha中文繁體的發展。使用對象多為中小學圖書館與對開放程式有興趣者，由於政府政策的影響，未來繼續使用Koha系統之中小學圖書館將銳減。2.圖書館使用開放程式圖書館自動化系統之動機：(1)圖書館未自動化；(2)缺乏購買系統的經費；(3)經由推廣取得；(4)對應用開放軟體有興趣；(5)過去使用過的圖書館自動化系統不成功；(6)教學使用；(7)有良好的技術支援協助。3.對Koha系統接受度不高：Koha系統由於技術支援、易用性與滿意度不足，以及受到政府政策影響，導致其接受度不高。4.成功使用開放程式圖書館自動化系統之因素：(1)教育訓練與交接完整；(2)其他人力支援；(3)技術支援；(4)介面親和；(5)功能容易使用；(6)館員態度積極。5.使用開放程式圖書館自動化系統失敗之原因與困難：(1)教育訓練不足；(2)缺乏人力；(3)缺乏技術支援；(4)功能不全；(5)系統說明手冊不完整；(6)介面不親和；(7)技術門檻較高。 本研究結果可提供台灣未來發展開放程式圖書館自動化系統的參考方案，觀察使用Koha系統圖書館失敗的原因以及與Koha系統相關單位兩方的觀點與困難，發現其中產生的問題，給予Koha系統、使用者與在地團隊建議。 / As the wheel of time turns, librarians and users of the integrated library system(ILS) become to be unsatisfied the features of ILS. Because of the developing process is closed and the unavailability of the source code, libraries have to try other ILS products for further development. Open source ILS is one of options, it gives users the freedom to copy, distribute, research, rewrite and reuse. The purpose of this research is to study the current developing situation of open source ILS in Taiwan. We use Koha system as research case. By studying related papers, we captured the current situation of ILS, the development of open source, and the application of open source ILS. Using the questionnaires based on technology acceptance model (TAM) and interviews, we enhance our understanding of the current use and question about the Koha system in Taiwan. The findings are as follows: 1.Current view of open source ILS in Taiwan: Prof. Mao has been distributing the developing of Koha in traditional Chinese since 2005. Users who used Koha system are mainly libraries in junior-high schools and elementary schools and those who are interested in Koha system. Due to the policy of Ministry of Education, the usage of Koha system in libraries in senior-high schools and elementary schools will be significantly less after 2010. 2. Reasons why libraries use open source ILS were categorized as follows :(1)Libraries was not automated; (2)Libraries were not automated successfully; (3)Libraries adopted Koha from promotion; (4)Libraries had insufficient budget; (5)Libraries had good technical supports; (6)Schools used Koha for education training purpose; (7)Schools were interested in the usage of open source. 3.The reasons of low acceptance of the Koha system: (1)Lack of technical supports; (2)Koha system was hard to use for average users; (3)Ministry of Education command the elementary and secondary schools to adopt new ILS. 4.Factors of the success adoption of the open source ILS: (1)Complete education training for users; (2)Other human resource support; (3)Technical support; (4)Friendly user interface; (5)Ease of use; (6)Positive attitude. 5.Reasons of the failure of library automation system and its difficulties: (1)Lack of training; (2)Lack of human support; (3)Lack of technical supports; (4)Incomplete features; (5)Incomplete system manual; (6)Unfriendly user interface; (7)Higher technology requirement.

臺灣地區公共圖書館自動化系統連結的模式，以縣市文化局(文化中心)與鄉鎮圖書館連結，共用一套系統運作為最主要的模式。此種模式自1996年開始推動建置以來，已經提供給縣市民眾一證通用、聯合書目館藏資料庫查詢等服務，部分縣市也開始進行館際互借、互還的準備作業，進一步利用共用系統所提供的功能。完成各縣市公共圖書館自動化系統的階段後，如何整合各縣市公共圖書館的自動化系統，提供跨系統資訊交換，促進不同縣市公共圖書館的館際合作事宜，以及擴大讀者跨縣市使用公共圖書館的館藏資源，是本研究進行的動機。 本研究的目的，在調查瞭解臺灣地區公共圖書館運用圖書館系統進行的狀況及館際間交流問題，蒐集歸納圖書館自動化系統對跨館際作業方面的功能、架構及相關標準之運用，分析不同跨系統整合模式的優、缺點及可行性，以建置臺灣地區公共圖書館自動化系統整合模式的作業方式，提供給公共圖書館、主管政府機關決策及廠商開發系統相關功能的參考。並引用其他資訊領域相關技術及概念，勾勒圖書館自動化系統未來的發展方向及建議。 本研究採用文獻分析、問卷調查及資訊系統分析等研究方法。問卷調查以公共圖書館之系統管理人員或主管為主，包括國立圖書館及各縣市級公共圖書館，為使調查數據精確與客觀，輔以調查系統廠商與大型大學圖書館之系統館員。 本研究之結論，建議公共圖書館自動化系統跨系統整合架構：(一)、以共用一套系統，(二)、設置「中心系統」供同質系統連結，以及(三)、設置「中心系統」供異質系統連結等架構方式為主。整合的區域範圍以生活圈為較適合的範圍，未來可擴大至整個臺灣地區。整合系統的功能面，除了促使廠商遵循相關標準發展系統外，建議參考不同領域之資訊應用層用，以讀者需求為導向，並可以考量資訊委外及圖書館自動化系統採用「應用系統供應服務」(Application Service Provider，簡稱ASP)模式，以減少公共圖書館資訊管理專業人力缺乏的問題。 / The main connective model of the public libraries automation system in Taiwan area is an integrated model connected between the municipal and county cultural bureaus (cultural centers) and rural libraries with one mutually automated system. Since its setup in 1996, the model has provided library patrons of all cities and counties with services of the union bibliographic database and one library card to be used at all libraries. Some counties and cities have also prepared to advance the interlibrary loan service and utilize the functions of the common library automation system. The motive of the study is to find out the integration of the public library automation in every county and city, to the provision of the intersystem information exchange, the promotion of the public library cooperation, and the expansion of the cross utilization of collections resources of public libraries all over Taiwan when the public library automation system has been completed in every county and city. The purposes of the study are: to investigate and find out the state of art of the operation of library automation systems of public libraries in Taiwan area and the interlibrary exchange problems, to collect and generalize functions, structures and related standards of interlibrary processes of the library automation system, and to analyze advantages and shortcomings and feasible methods of each intersystem integrated model, so as to work out a union model of public libraries integrated automation system in Taiwan area for reference by public libraries, government institutions and factories in their decision making and system development. Forthermore, the study tries to make an outline of the future development trends of the library automation system and offer some proposals on the basis of other information related technology and conceptions. The document analysis, questionnaires, information system analysis and other approaches are used for the research. The questionnaires are collected mainly from the library system management staffs or chiefs including national libraries and municipal and county public libraries. In addition, similar questions are also asked to system librarians, information system factories and college system librarians in order to make the data more accurate and objective. The conclusions of this study suggest three intersystem integrated structures of the public library automation system: “one” system, one “central system” set up for connecting with other uniform systems, and one system to connecting non-uniform systems (with at least one of the connected libraries available with a “central system”). The applicable area range of the integration is preferably life circle area, and may be expanded to the whole Taiwan area in the future. As to functions of the integration system, in addition to promoting factories, developing the system on the basis of the relative standards, suggestions are made for applications of information technology in other domains and in compliance with patron-oriented needs. Public libraries can also consider information outsourcing and adopt ASP (Application Service Provider) mode for the library automation system, so as to help out the lack of information management professional staffs.

The present master thesis is an exploratory qualitative study in academic libraries regarding the transition from the integrated library systems to the next generation integrated library systems or library services platforms and the potential implications in their internal workflows. Nowadays, libraries all over the world are facing up with a number of challenges in terms of acquiring, describing and making available to the public all the resources, both printed and electronic, they manage. In particular, the academic libraries have more reasons to wish to fulfill their users’ needs since the majority of them use the library sources more and more for scientific research and educational purposes.In this study we attempt to explore the phenomenon in the globe using the available literature and to identify the implications in libraries’ workflows and the possible future developments. Moreover, through observation and semi-structured interviews we try to identify the current developments in the Greek context regarding the adoption of next ILS and possible implications in their workflows. Finally, we attempt a comparison between the Greek situation and the international one.