Background: Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs) are traumatic, life-changing injuries that can affect every aspect of an individual's life and can lead to death if not treated timeously and appropriately. Respiratory complications occur frequently after the SCI and are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Respiratory complications are predictable based on the neurological level of impairment of the spinal cord lesion; the higher the neurological injury, the more severe the respiratory complication. Changes in pulmonary function, poor cough, hypersecretion, immobility and bronchospasm all contribute to the development of respiratory complications. If the patient is unable to protect his/her airway or if respiratory failure occurs, mechanical ventilation is often required. Many patients require prolonged ventilation and subsequently need to go for tracheostomies. The critical care nurse plays an important role in the early identification of complications and can, therefore, act to limit and prevent these complications, which may be a direct result from the injury or treatment modality such as mechanical ventilation. Respiratory management has been promoted in preventing and treating respiratory complications and is associated with better prognosis in the SCI patient. Design and method: The research study aims to explore and describe existing literature and to make recommendations for the respiratory management of a mechanically ventilated spinal cord injured patient in a critical care unit (CCU). A systematic review was undertaken with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethical principles were maintained throughout the study. The quality of the study was ensured by critically appraising data that was utilized in the systematic review. It is envisaged that the results from this systematic review will improve the respiratory management of the SCI patient and prevent any variations in practice. Results: Were presented under the following themes: priorities of care for the SCI patient in the acute phase, during the critical care phase and preventative care. Conclusion: The SCI patient regardless of the neurological level or completeness of injury should be admitted to the CCU for intensive ventilatory, cardiopulmonary support and hemodynamic monitoring in order to detect and prevent respiratory complications. The use of larger tidal volumes is associated with improved comfort and less dyspnea however if a patient has acute lung injury or ARDS the use of low tidal volumes 6ml/kg is recommended. Prevention and early identification of respiratory complications is associated with improved outcomes for the SCI patient.

Intensive care units (ICUs) emerged across Canada during the early 1960s, significantly contributing to the image of Western hospitals as places of scientific advancement that predominated over much of the twentieth century. ICUs rapidly became both a resource intensive and expensive type of care as the number and size of units increased to accommodate diverse patient populations and treatment options. Nurses enabled the formation and growth of ICUs through their constant presence and skilled care. There has been limited research, however, regarding the historical development of Canadian ICUs, the relationships between nurses and other personnel in such units, how they developed an identity as ICU nurses, or how ICU nursing became a specialty practice. Situated within the broader histories of hospitals, healthcare, and nursing, this study uses a social history approach to examine nurses’ experiences within Canadian ICUs between 1960 and 2002. Berger and Luckmann’s Social Construction of Reality provided a lens for analysis and interpretation of oral histories, photographs, professional literature of the time period under study, and both archival and organizational records. This thesis argues that ICU nurses’ relationships with one another, in the context of a technologically complex environment, socially constructed their knowledge and skill acquisition, their socialization as ICU nurses, and the development of a specialized body of knowledge that ultimately led to formal recognition of ICU nursing as a specialty in Canada.

This descriptive comparative and correlational study was designed to determine the degree of environmental stress perceived by mothers and fathers during the first week of their infant's admission to a Special Care Nursery (SCN) and to determine the differences in their perceptions. In addition, the variables of gestational age, birth weight and paternal attitude toward caregiving were investigated for their relationship to the perceived degree of environmental stress. A convenience sample of 31 sets of parents was selected from a tertiary level SCN in a large urban children's hospital. Both parents completed the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Parental Stress Scale and an information sheet; fathers also completed the Paternal Attitude Scale. Overall, mothers and fathers perceived the SCN environment as a low source of stress. Mothers were moderately stressed by their altered parental role. In addition, mothers were significantly more stressed by the environmental aspects of SCN and the total SCN experience than were fathers. Environmental stress arising from staff communications and relations was significantly negatively related to birth weight and gestational age. No significant relationship was found between paternal attitude toward care giving and the fathers' perception of environmental stress. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

M.Cur. (Intensive General Nursing Science) / "Patient experiences in a critical contextual, qualitative research phenomenological method to obtain and objectives of the study are: care unit" is a study using the analyse data. The - to establish and describe how myocardial infarction patients experience the critical care unit (CeU) environment, and - to propose guidelines for optimal nursing care. The Nursing for the Whole Person Theory forms the paradigmatic framework of the study. The central proposition states that the myocardial infarction patient's experience of the CCU as his external environment, will have direct impact upon his quest for health. Five participants were interviewed. The interviews were coded by the researcher and an independent nursing specialist, using the Kerlinger method of content analysis. The findings were compared to relevant available literature. Data obtained revealed that certain aspects of the CCU environment generate anxiety and therefore impede the quest for health in myocardial infarction patients! Guidelines for optimal nursing care of myocardial infarction patients were proposed.

Orientador: Antonio Luis Eiras Falcão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:09:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sibinelli_Melissa_M.pdf: 1390469 bytes, checksum: c5635e115b58addbe6bd1c76c2c44c83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar o nível de consciência, efeitos pulmonares e hemodinâmicos em pacientes internados em UTI durante a posição ortostática. Métodos: Estudo realizado de abril de 2008 a julho de 2009 na unidade de terapia intensiva adulto do HCUNICAMP. Foram incluídos quinze pacientes que estiveram mecanicamente ventilados por mais de sete dias; traqueostomizados; em nebulização intermitente; pressão inspiratória máxima inferior a -25cmH2O; índice de Tobin inferior a 105; drive ventilatório preservado, ausência de sedativos; pressão parcial de oxigênio arterial maior que 70mmHg; saturação de oxigênio maior que 90% e estabilidade hemodinâmica. Os parâmetros avaliados, nas inclinações de 0°, 30° e 50°, foram o nível de consciência; reflexo de blinking; cirtometria tóraco-abdominal; capacidade vital; volume corrente; volume minuto; força da musculatura respiratória e sinais vitais. Resultados: Não houve alteração do nível de consciência. A freqüência respiratória e volume minuto reduziram-se em 30° com posterior aumento em 50°, no entanto, essas alterações não foram estatisticamente significativas. A cirtometria abdominal e a pressão expiratória máxima apresentaram aumento, novamente sem significância estatística. Em relação à pressão inspiratória máxima e a capacidade vital observou-se aumento estatisticamente significante na comparação entre as angulações 50º e 0°. Já o volume corrente aumentou na comparação entre as angulações 30º e 0º, e entre 50º e 0°. A pressão arterial média sofreu incremento somente na comparação entre 50° e 0°. A freqüência cardíaca elevou-se na comparação entre 30° e 0°, 50° e 0°, e 50° e 30°. Conclusão: O ortostatismo passivo proporcionou melhora do volume corrente, capacidade vital, pressão inspiratória máxima, e aumento da freqüência cardíaca e pressão arterial média em pacientes críticos / Abstract: Objective: To assess the consciousness level, pulmonary and hemodynamic effects of orthostatic position in intensive care patients. Methods: This study was conducted from April 2008 to July 2009 in the Adult Intensive Care Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Fifteen patients were included who were mechanically ventilated for more than seven days and had the following characteristics: tracheotomized; receiving intermittent nebulization; maximal inspiratory pressure of less than -25 cm H2O; Tobin score less than 105; preserved respiratory drive; not sedated; partial arterial oxygen pressure greater than 70 mm Hg; oxygen saturation greater than 90%; and hemodynamically stable. With inclinations of 0º, 30º and 50º, the following parameters were recorded: consciousness level; blinking reflex; thoracoabdominal cirtometry; vital capacity; tidal volume; minute volume; respiratory muscle strength; and vital signs. Results: No neurological level changes were observed. Respiratory rate and minute volume decreased at 30% and later increased at 50%; however, these changes were not statistically significant. Abdominal cirtometry and maximal expiratory pressure increased, but again, the changes were not statistically significant. Regarding maximal inspiratory pressure and vital capacity, statistically significant increases were seen in the comparison between the 50º and 0º inclinations. However, tidal volume increased in the comparisons between 30º and 0º and between 50º and 0º. Mean blood pressure increased only for the comparison of 50º versus 0º. Heart rate increased in the comparisons between 30º and 0º, between 50º and 0º and between 50º and 30º. Conclusion: Passive orthostatism resulted in improved tidal volume and vital capacity, maximal inspiratory pressure and increased heart rate and mean blood pressure in critically ill patients / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestra em Ciências

Orientador: Luciana de Lione Melo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Enfermagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:42:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scaggion_LeslieRoseEsper_M.pdf: 2377560 bytes, checksum: cfcbc1ecdb8d950d5dd7e40d696b3173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A mudança do perfil epidemiológico das doenças da infância influenciada pela melhora das condições de vida e saúde, o progresso científico, a tecnologia agregada aos meios diagnósticos, levaram a profundas alterações na população pediátrica atendida pelos serviços de saúde. Essas transformações aumentaram a necessidade de cuidados mais complexos, recursos humanos e materiais adequados, tecnologia diagnóstica e terapêutica, preocupação com a humanização, além de unidades de cuidados intensivos. As unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTIP) foram criadas com o objetivo de prover o cuidado ideal às crianças gravemente doentes, de tal forma a propiciar a cura de doenças, bem como favorecer o crescimento em direção a uma vida com qualidade, com o pleno desenvolvimento de suas potencialidades. Apesar disso, as UTIP são consideradas ambientes estressantes, podendo afetar a criança emocionalmente. Neste contexto, o brinquedo terapêutico (BT), cuja finalidade é permitir a compreensão dos sentimentos e das reações emocionais à própria criança e à equipe de saúde, assim como prepará-la para procedimentos desagradáveis, emerge como uma estratégia essencial à criança, pois o brincar é parte integrante do desenvolvimento saudável infantil, inclusive quando a mesma encontra-se em situação de hospitalização. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as vivências de crianças pré-escolares hospitalizadas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica por meio do brinquedo terapêutico dramático como instrumento de acesso ao mundo-vida das crianças. Trata-se de um estudo fenomenológico com oito crianças que participaram de sessões de brinquedo terapêutico dramático na UTIP e, após a alta desta unidade, na Unidade de Internação Pediátrica. O brincar das crianças, gravado em áudio digital e transcrito na íntegra, e as anotações em diário de campo compuseram os discursos fenomenológicos. A análise da estrutura do fenômeno situado se deu à luz da Teoria do Amadurecimento de Winicott e revelou três categorias temáticas: vivenciando a hospitalização, rememorando sua história para além da hospitalização e amadurecendo com o brincar. Brincar revelou-se necessário mesmo nas condições clínicas mais adversas, pois se mantém a necessidade de exteriorizar e compreender as novas vivências e limitações, sendo o BT uma tecnologia adequada. O mundo-vida desvelou-se por meio da integração das novas vivências com aquelas já conhecidas, oscilando entre os estágios de dependência da figura materna, revelando a complexidade do ambiente da UTIP sem a presença da mãe, possibilitando a compreensão de quão causadora de sofrimento é a vivência da hospitalização numa unidade intensiva / Abstract: The changing epidemiology of childhood diseases, influenced by an improvement of the living conditions and health, the scientific progress, and the technology aggregated to the diagnostic techniques have led to profound transformation in the pediatric population served by health services. These changes have increased the need for more complex care, human resources and materials, technology diagnostic and therapeutic, concerns with humanization, besides the intensive care units. The pediatric intensive care units (PICU) were created with the goal of providing optimal care to critically ill children, such to facilitate the healing of diseases and promote growth toward a quality of life with the full development of their potential. In spite of that, the PICU are considered stressful environments, affecting the child emotionally. In this context, the therapeutic play (TP), whose purpose is to enable the understanding of the child¿s own feelings and emotional reactions by the healthcare team, as well as to prepare them for unpleasant procedures, emerges as an essential strategy to the child, because playing is an integral part of a healthy infant development, even when it is in hospitalization. The objective of this study was to understand the experiences of preschool children hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit through the dramatic therapeutic play as an instrument of access to the life/world of the children. This is a phenomenological study with eight children who participated in a dramatic therapeutic play sessions at the PICU and, after the medical discharge from this unit, at the Pediatric Care Unit. The playing with the children, was recorded in digital audio and transcribed in full, and the notes in the field journal composed the phenomenological discourse. The analysis of the structure of the phenomenon occurred in the light of the theory the maturing of Winicott and revealed three themes: experiencing the hospitalization, recalling its history beyond the hospitalization and growing mature with playing. The playing was revealed to be necessary even when the clinical conditions more adverse because the need to externalize and understand new experiences and limitations remains present, being the TP an adequate technology. The life/world experience revealed itself by means of integrating new experiences with those already known, ranging from dependence stages of the maternal figure, revealing the complexity of the PICU without the presence of the mother, enabling the understanding of how the experience of hospitalization is the cause of suffering in an intensive care unit / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

Orientador: Ibsen Bellini Coimbra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:02:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ito_ChristianMakoto_M.pdf: 5348510 bytes, checksum: 47bfef607403f4cee3cd66031a09fe07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Objetivos: Investigar a mortalidade de idosos submetidos à Ventilação Mecânica Invasiva (VMI), além de verificar a associação entre a idade e outras variáveis com o desfecho óbito. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional prospectivo a partir de uma amostra de idosos submetidos à VMI por motivo clínico. Foram seguidos a partir do momento da VMI até um dos desfechos possíveis: óbito ou alta hospitalar. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram: sexo, idade, causa da admissão hospitalar, motivo da VMI, APACHE II modificado, uso de Drogas Vasoativas, duração da VMI, duração da internação, admissão em UTI, tabagismo, etilismo, número de medicações de uso crônico, número de comorbidades crônicas, hospitalização prévia no último ano, quedas no último ano, emagrecimento nos últimos seis meses, nível sérico de albumina, capacidade funcional prévia. Resultados: A média de idade da amostra foi de 73,1 ± 8,5 anos, sendo a metade do sexo masculino. A maioria dos pacientes foi admitido no hospital por causa respiratória (37,1%), e submetido a entubação orotraqueal por insuficiência respiratória (67,2%). O uso de droga vasoativa ocorreu em 62,9% dos pacientes e a média do APACHE II modificado foi de 11,9 ± 5,0 pontos. O antecedente de emagrecimento foi presente em metade dos casos e dois terços da amostra apresentava albumina sérica menor que 3,0g/dl. Apenas 12,1% eram livres de doenças crônicas e um quarto não fazia uso de medicação alguma. A polifarmácia esteve presente em 34,5% da amostra. A maioria dos paciente nunca fumou (55,2%) ou consumiu bebida alcóolica (85,3%). Apenas 17,2% apresentavam duas quedas no ano anterior e 20,7% foram hospitalizados nos 12 meses anteriores. A ventilação mecânica se prolongou por mais de 21 dias em 25,9% dos casos e 35,3% dos pacientes foram admitidos em UTI. A duração média da hospitalização foi de 20,6 ± 18,4 dias. A maioria dos indivíduos eram funcionalmente independentes tanto para as atividades básicas (77,6%) como para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária (60,3%). A mortalidade encontrada foi de 63,8%. A idade, esteve associada a maior mortalidade, no entanto, após análise de regressão logística, a idade, tanto como variável numérica (OR=0,97, 95% IC=0,87-1,08) como categórica (OR=2,26, 95% IC=0,38-13,31), não esteve associada ao desfecho óbito. Por outro lado, o APACHE II modificado (OR=1,13, 95% IC=1,02-1,26) e o antecedente de emagrecimento nos últimos 6 meses (OR=2,87, 95% IC=1,06-7,77) estiveram associados a maior mortalidade hospitalar. Já a admissão do paciente em VMI em UTI (OR=0,35, 95% IC=0,13-0,98) e um tempo de internação prolongado (OR=0,96, 95% IC=0,93-0,98), ao contrário, estiveram associados a maiores chances de alta hospitalar. Conclusão: Conclui-se a VMI é um procedimento de alta mortalidade e que a idade como fator isolado não deve ser considerado como critério prognóstico em idosos que dele necessitem, sendo importante nestes casos considerar a gravidade do quadro e o estado nutricional. Além disso, o suporte intensivo numa UTI deve ser fornecido a tais pacientes pois interfere no seu prognóstico / Abstract: Objectives: Investigate the mortality of elderly patients submitted to Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV), besides checking the association between age and other variables with the death outcome. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional prospective study from a sample of elderly patients submitted to invasive IMV due to clinical reasons. These patients were observed from the moment of IMV, until one of the possible outcomes: death or hospital discharge. The independent variables analyzed were: sex, age, reason of hospital admission, reason of IMV, APACHE II modified, vasoactive drugs utilization, duration of IMV, length of hospital stay, admission in ICU, smoking, alcoholism, number of chronic medication use, number of chronic comorbidities, previous hospitalization in the last year, falls in the last year, weight loss in the last six months, serum albumin levels, previous functional status. Results: The average of the sample¿s age was 73,1 ± 8,5 years old, half were male. The majority of the patients were admitted in the hospital due to respiratory cause (37,1%) and were submitted to orotracheal intubation because of respiratory failure (67,2%). Vasoactive drugs were used in 62% of the patients and the average of the APACHEII modified was 11,9 ± 5,0 points. The antecedent of weight loss appeared in half of the cases and two-thirds of the sample presented serum albumin smaller than 3,0g/dl. Only 12% were free from chronicle diseases and a quarter did not make use of any medication. The polipharmacy was present in 34,5% of the sample. The majority of the patients had never smoked (55,2%) or had consumed alcoholic beverage (85,3%). Only 17,2% had fallen down in the year before and 20,7% had been hospitalized in the last 12 months. The IMV lasted for more than 21 days in 25,9% of the cases and 35,3% of the patients were admitted in ICU. The duration of hospitalization was around 20,6± 18,4 days. The majority of the individuals were both functionally independent, even for basic (77,6%) and instrumental activities (60,3%) of their daily routine. The mortality found was (63,8%). The age was associated to a bigger mortality, however, after logistic regression analysis, the age, even as a numeric variable (OR=0,97, 95% IC=0,87-1,08) or as the categorical one (OR=2,26, 95% IC=0,38-13,31) was not associated to the death outcome. On the other hand, the APACHE II modified (OR=1,13, 95% IC=1,02-1,26) and the antecedent of weight loss in the last 6 months (OR=2,87, 95% IC=1,06-7,77%) were associated to a bigger hospital mortality. On the contrary, the admission of patient in IMV in ICU and a prolonged length of stay, were related to bigger chances of hospital discharge. Conclusion: It is concluded that the IMV is a procedure of high mortality and the age, as an isolated fact, should not be considered as a criteria of prognosis in elderly patients who may need them. It is important to consider in these cases the clinical severity and the nutritional state. Besides, the intensive support in a ICU must be provided to these patients because it interferes in their prognoses / Mestrado / Gerontologia / Mestre em Gerontologia

Aproximadamente 24% dos pacientes graves na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) são submetidos à traqueostomia (TQT), e a diminuição do trabalho respiratório, o desmame ventilatório precoce e facilidade na higiene brônquica são os benefícios mais comuns neste procedimento, porém são descritos em pacientes heterogêneos. O período da TQT precoce permanece controverso, mesmo que este procedimento seja descrito há séculos, e entre os pacientes que frequentemente requerem ventilação mecânica prolongada (VMP) estão os neurocirúrgicos e são susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de complicações sistêmicas e pulmonares. Além disso, há poucos estudos sobre os benefícios da TQT precoce em pacientes neurocirúrgicos com características homogêneas e esses são retrospectivos. Não há relatos sobre o custo indireto e o desfecho hospitalar desse pacientes, portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI), tempo de estadia na UTI em dias, tempo de estadia hospitalar em dias, custo indireto, ocorrência de complicações e o desfecho hospitalar em pacientes neurocirúrgicos submetidos à TQT precoce e tardia. Estudo prospectivo observacional, realizado no Instituto Central do hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, entre o período de Dezembro de 2009 a Junho de 2011. Foram incluídos os pacientes neurocirúrgicos admitidos na UTI, e submetidos à TQT após a intubação traqueal. Eles foram divididos em Grupo TQT Precoce (GTP): <= 7 dias de VMI e Grupo TQT Tardio (GTT): > 7 dias. Nível significativo adotado foi p<= 0,05. Foram incluídos 72 pacientes, 21 pacientes no GTP e 51 no GTT. A idade (GTP= 48, GTT= 51, p=0,101), gênero masculino (GTP= 16, GTT= 35, p=0,521), Apache II (GTP= 15, GTT= 15, p=0,700), Escala de Coma de Glasgow (GTP= 7, GTT= 7, p= 0,716) não apresentaram diferença entre os grupos. O GTP apresentou menor tempo de VMI (p < 0,001), tempo de estadia na UTI (p=0,001), tempo estadia no hospital (p=0,001) e custo indireto (p =< 0,001). A infecção nosocomial (IN) foi a complicação identificada, a IN sistêmica (p=0,088), IN pulmonar (pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (p=0,314), sobrevida (p=0,244) e o desfecho hospitalar mais comum (transferência para hospital de longa permanência) (p=0,320), não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos. Em pacientes neurocirúrgicos, a TQT precoce reduziu o tempo de VMI, tempo de estadia na UTI, tempo de hospitalização e custo indireto. Porém não houve diferença na ocorrência de complicações e no desfecho hospitalar entre os grupos / Nearly 24% of the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) are submitted to tracheostomy (TQT), and the decrease the work of breathing, early weaning and pulmonary toilet are the most common benefits in this procedure, however these benefits are described in heterogeneous patients. The period of early TQT remains controversial, even if this procedure is described for centuries, and between the patients often require prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) are the neurosurgical and are susceptible to the development of systemic and pulmonary complications. In addition, there are few studies about the benefits of early TQT in neurosurgical patients with homogeneous characteristics and these are retrospective. There are no reports on the overhead and the hospital outcome of patients, therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), ICU length of stay (LOS) days, hospital LOS days, indirects costs, occurrence of the complications and patients discharge in neurosurgical submitted to early and late tracheostomy. Prospective, observational study, at the Central Institute of the Clinics Hospital, Medical School, University of São Paulo, from December 2009 until June 2011. Neurosurgical patients admitted at the ICU were included, and submitted to TQT after tracheal intubation were included. They were categorized in Early Tracheostomy Group (ETG) <= 7 days MV and Late Tracheostomy Group (LTG) > 7 days. Statistical analysis significance p < 0.05. 72 patients were included, 21 patients in ETG and 51 in LTG. Age (ETG= 48, LTG= 51, p=0.101), male (ETG 48, GTT= 51, p=0.521), Apache II (ETG= 15, LTG= 15, p=0.700), Glasgow coma scale (ETG= 7, LTG= 7, p= 0.716) no significant different between the groups. The ETG had shorter length of VM (p < 0.001), ICU LOS (p=0.001), hospital LOS (p=0.001) and indirects costs (p < 0.001). Nosocomial Infection (NI) was identificated complication, systemic NI (p=0.088), pulmonary NI (ventilator associated pneumonia- PAV) (p= 0.314), survival (p=0.244) and the most common hospital outcome (transfer to long-term care hospital) (p= 0.320), there were no significant difference between the groups. In neurosurgical patients, the early tracheostomy reduced length of MV, ICU LOS, hospital LOS and the indirects costs. However, there were no difference in the occurrence of complications and patient discharge between the groups

Orientador: Suzelei Rodgher / Coorientador: Rubens Nisie Tango / Banca: João Carlos da Rocha / Banca: Ana Paula Lemes / Resumo: Lesões bucais em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva são recorrentes, em especial no caso de pacientes com intubação orotraqueal onde os dentes na cavidade oral adicionados à presença do tubo, podem causar danos aos tecidos e à língua. O objetivo desse trabalho foi o de desenvolver um dispositivo para prevenção dessas lesões. Um dispositivo foi confeccionado utilizando um protetor bucal esportivo com uma perfuração para permitir a passagem do tubo orotraqueal, e após um teste clínico piloto realizado com pacientes da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Municipal José de Carvalho Florence (São José dos Campos, SP). Após esse teste, algumas modificações foram realizadas no dispositivo quanto ao tamanho e estabilidade. Desenhos técnicos e impressões 3D foram confeccionadas e desenvolveu-se um protótipo final que oferece estabilidade, conforto para o paciente, atua na prevenção de lesões bucais e ainda impede que o paciente intubado morda o tubo. / Mestre

No description available.