Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Government needs to provide a robust framework to adapt to the ever-changing environment of those that they serve. Whether or not there are reform procedures involved, the intended benefits depend as much on how they are implemented as on the exact nature of the changes. The municipalities in the Overberg face various challenges, as a result of the continually changing environment within which local government operates. It is therefore important for government to constantly implement new ways to improve service delivery. Many of the municipalities in the Overberg, particularly those suffering under budget and staff capacity pressures, are motivated to adopt new and improved ways to enhance service delivery and to reduce costs. Municipalities in the Overberg have developed their own ideas on how to reduce costs, save time and improve service delivery. A practical way to address these challenges is to consider the option of shared services. This requires different ways of operating: new skills have to be acquired and many changes in management issues need to be addressed. The most common reason for some of the municipalities in the Overberg to be involved in a shared service initiative is to obtain relief from short-term budget pressures. Although this factor is an excellent motivator, one of the major related challenges is the time required to complete this initiative, which almost always takes more than one budget cycle. The ability to implement any form of shared services requires organisational change, which, in many organisations, is the most difficult challenge to confront. For Overberg Municipalities to implement a successful shared service venture it will be important to have a good plan that clearly describes the processes to be followed and the different steps of how to successfully implement and set up such a shared service centre. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die regering moet ‘n robuuste raamwerk daarstel om aan te pas by die ewigdurende veranderde omgewing van diegene wie hy bedien. Of daar veranderings prosedure is of nie, die beoogde voordele is eweveel afhanklik van hoe dit geïmplimenteer word as van die presiese omvang van die veranderinge. Verskeie uitdagings word deur munisipaliteite in die Overberg in die gesig gestaar as gevolg van die ewigdurende veranderde omgewing waarin plaaslike regering opereer. Dit is dus belangrik vir die regering om gedurig nuwe maniere te implementeer ten einde dienslewering te verbeter. Verskeie munisipaliteite in die Overberg, veral die wat gebuk gaan onder begroting en personeelkapasiteitsdruk, is gemotiveerd om nuwe verbeterde maniere aan te neem om dienslewering te verbeter en kostes te verminder. Munisipaliteite in die Overberg kom reeds ’n geruime tyd aan met hul eie idees om kostes te verminder, tyd te bespaar en dienslewering te verbeter. ’n Praktiese manier om hierdie uitdagings in munisipaliteite in die Overberg aan te spreek is om die opsie van gedeelde dienste te oorweeg. Dit vereis verskillende maniere van funksionaliteit met nuwe vaardighede wat bekom moet word en verskeie veranderingsbestuurskwessies wat bestuur en oorkom moet word. Die mees algemeenste rede vir sommige van die munisipaliteite in die Overberg om betrokke te raak by ’n gedeelde diens inisiatief is die verligting van kort termyn begrotingsdruk. Alhoewel dit ’n uitstekende motiveerder is, is een van die grootste uitdagings in baie gevalle, die tyd wat vereis word om hierdie inisiatief, wat in die meeste gevalle oor meer as een begrotingsiklus strek, te voltooi. Om enige vorm van gedeelde dienste te implementeer vereis organisatoriese veranderinge wat in baie munisipaliteite die moeilikste uitdaging is om te konfronteer. Vir Overberg munisipaliteite, om ’n suksesvolle gedeelde dienste onderneming te begin en te implementeer is dit belangrik om ‘n behoorlike plan op te stel wat die prosesse wat gevolg moet word en die verskillende stappe aandui.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-28T10:36:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Hermes Cardoso Reis_.pdf: 1817385 bytes, checksum: 4c879f6ee17580dbe48144a22eac00fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-28T10:36:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hermes Cardoso Reis_.pdf: 1817385 bytes, checksum: 4c879f6ee17580dbe48144a22eac00fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-27 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a utilização de práticas de gestão econômica e financeira por Consórcios Intermunicipais de Saúde estabelecidos no Rio Grande do Sul. Os CIS são estruturas de cooperação regional e intergovernamental formados entre municípios para atuar na área da saúde pública visando, principalmente, à redução de custos e ampliação da oferta de serviços de saúde. Como entes da administração pública indireta e por sua atuação na saúde pública, são subordinados aos princípios da administração dos entes públicos e aos princípios e diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A administração pública a partir de meados do século passado vem, em nível global, sofrendo reformas que caracterizam o movimento conhecido como New Public Management (NPM). A NPM confere um caráter mais gerencial à administração pública incorporando práticas de gestão típicas da iniciativa privada. Assim, práticas de gestão econômica e financeira são vistas como úteis para apoiar o processo decisório visando ao planejamento, o controle da execução e a avaliação de desempenho dos programas e ações das entidades públicas conforme os princípios constitucionais, principalmente considerando ambientes de escassez de recursos e alta demanda como a área da saúde pública. Desta forma, desenvolveu-se estudo quantitativo de natureza aplicada e descritiva no qual as percepções dos gestores dos CIS quanto à utilização destas práticas de gestão foram coletadas por meio de instrumento de pesquisa e tratados de forma objetiva, com uso de técnicas de estatística descritiva e exploratória. Assim, os CIS foram classificados e agrupados conforme o grau de utilização das práticas de gestão. A partir disso, constatou-se que o objetivo dos CIS não é formular estratégias para reduzir custos e ampliar e qualificar a oferta. O CIS é instancia de execução, de realização. É a própria ferramenta operacional cujo objetivo é racionalizar recursos na gestão conjunta de serviços terceirizados de saúde. Por esta razão, faz uso reduzido das práticas de gestão econômica e financeira. E a preocupação precípua da gestão dos CIS é voltada para o cumprimento estrito das obrigações legais e normativas para si e para os municípios associados. / The objective of this study is to analyze the use of economic and financial management practices used by public health consortiums (CIS) established in Rio Grande do Sul. The CIS are regional and intergovernmental cooperation structures formed between municipalities to work in public health in order mainly at reducing costs and increasing the supply of health services. As entities of the indirect public administration and for his role in public health, are subordinate to the principles of management of public entities and the principles and guidelines of the Brazilian public health system (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS). The public administration from the last century has, globally, suffering reforms that characterize the movement known as New Public Management (NPM). NPM provides a more managerial character to government incorporating typical management practices of private enterprise. Thus, economic and financial management practices are seen as necessary to support the decision-making process to the planning, execution and control of the performance evaluation of programs and actions of public entities according to the constitutional principles, especially given the scarcity of resources and environments high demand as the area of public health. Thus, we developed a quantitative study of applied nature and descriptive in which the perceptions of managers of CIS on the use of these management practices were collected through research tool and treated objectively, using descriptive and exploratory statistics techniques. Thus, the CIS were classified and grouped according to the degree of use of management practices. From this, it was found that the objective of the CIS is not formulate strategies to reduce costs and expand and qualify the offer. The CIS is instance of execution. It is the very operational tool aimed at rationalizing resources in the joint management of outsourced healthcare services. For this reason, it makes little use of economic and financial management practices. And the main concern of CIS management is focused on strict compliance with legal and regulatory obligations to themselves and to the associated municipalities.

The study emanates from the constitutional imperatives with regard to the role of local government in community development. The notion of cooperative governance is envisaged in the South African Constitution which stipulates that all spheres of government must adhere to the principles of cooperative government and must conduct their activities within the parameters prescribed by the Constitution. The purpose is to support and strengthen the capacity of the local governments to manage their own affairs and to perform their functions. The basic values and principles governing public administration entail that: it must be broadly representative of the people of South Africa in order to redress the imbalances. The existing gaps in the legislation on decision making power at the local level of the municipality, be it in a ward committee or sub council, have not been adequately addressed in the post 1994 democratic dispensation. It is in this context that this study seeks to address these gaps and obstacles, and contribute to the design and development of a decentralized cooperative governance model, specifically to the six metropolitan municipalities and also provide a basis for further research. The findings of the research could be adapted as a national policy in the empowering of municipalities through the dispersal of democratic power which is an essential ingredient of inclusive governance. Based on a case study of six metropolitan municipalities, the research is intended to contribute to the development of empirically grounded; praxis and practical guideline in decentralized cooperative governance which can be adopted and institutionalized in public administration. It is believed that a study of decentralized cooperative governance adds value in that it seeks to link decentralized power and local development. Rather than civil society organisations being seen as adversarial, a creative partnership with the state in local development is crucial. This political assimilation is critical in the construction of democracy through fusing the substantive values of a political culture with the procedural requisites of democratic accountability. This serves to fragment and disperse political power and maintain a system of checks and balances with regard to the exercise of governmental power. The capacity for innovation, flexibility and change can be enhanced at the local level, and it is a cliché that local decision making is viewed as more democratic in contrast to central, top-down decision-making processes. A syncretistic model for local government based on the political adaptation of political and inclusive decentralisation is outlined.

This thesis examines regional integration in Southern Africa and the evolution of SADC. Regional developments are evaluated with the yardsticks of integration theory, against the background of international regionalisation, and in terms of the region's practical record, its rhetoric and future agenda. The extent to which economic integration is progressing, is determined, after which the thesis focuses on political integration within SADC - both de Jure and de facto. Finally, developments within the region are evaluated in light of normative prerequisites for increased political integration. The thesis finds that the integration process in SADC does not fit into traditional integration theory, and concludes that successful economic integration in the region is not necessarily a prerequisite to political integration, but would facilitate it. The research finally concludes that there is evidence of embryonic political integration within SADC, which will wane or grow depending primarily on the political will of its constituents / Political Science / M.A. (Politics)

South African law treats planning and the environment separately, causing considerable problems when developing land. Concerns in this regard are worldwide and various approaches have been adopted to solve them. This research seeks to explore what legal solutions can be provided using some international examples, fitting them within the unique governance, historical and legal context of South Africa. / Jurisprudence / LLM

Submitted by Ricardo Ernesto Vasquez Beltrão (revbeltrao@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-09-26T11:43:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_BELTRAO_versao_final.pdf: 4066891 bytes, checksum: 31031af3df7530771019e79dc7d9a9f6 (MD5) / Rejected by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Bom dia Ricardo. De acordo com as normas você deverá colocar a dedicatória a direita da folha. No resumo a configuração da letra não pode estar em itálico e necessário que seja normal. Apos os ajustes, submeter novamente para a aprovação. Qualquer duvida estou a disposição. Att, Pamela Tonsa 3799-7852 on 2014-09-26T11:59:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by Ricardo Ernesto Vasquez Beltrão (revbeltrao@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-09-26T12:41:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_BELTRAO_versao_final.pdf: 4067208 bytes, checksum: 497a29f3d852139d00191824654d4fea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2014-09-26T12:47:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_BELTRAO_versao_final.pdf: 4067208 bytes, checksum: 497a29f3d852139d00191824654d4fea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-26T14:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_BELTRAO_versao_final.pdf: 4067208 bytes, checksum: 497a29f3d852139d00191824654d4fea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / This work analyze the child labor occurrence in Brazil, the factors associated with its development were investigated and some limits of the Program for Child Labor Eradication (PETI) to face the question nowadays. This work was organized in four chapters. In the first chapter are shown the research problem, its objectives and presuppositions, and the main characteristics of the PETI, and then the theoretical background about the intergovernmental cooperation in ambit of the public politics in Brazil was analyzed. In the second chapter the child labor in the international ambit was discussed, by means of analytical work that compares the association between the activity rates of the population from 10 to 14 years old and a set of variables that express the socioeconomic and demographic factors for one sample of the 25 countries with more than 20 millions habitants. The third chapter was developed in a similar way to the previous, analyzing how the children employment developed in the country since middle of last century, and to what extent the differences among these Brazilian states are associated with its socioeconomic and demographic variables, with emphasis on the labor market structure. The fourth chapter analyzes the differences among the Brazilian cities, and concludes that the PETI cannot be considered among the main factors that explain the variations in rates activity of the child population in the last decade, pointing out some of the Program limits related to the promotion of intergovernmental cooperation necessary for the country keep on advancing in an effective way to confronting this theme. The work also includes an overview of the Brazilian academic literature about child labor, one set of studies focused on the analysis of the State actions to face this question were highlighted (Appendix A). / O estudo analisa a ocorrência do trabalho infantil no Brasil, investigando os fatores associados à sua evolução e alguns dos limites do Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (PETI) para o enfrentamento da questão na atualidade. O trabalho está organizado em quatro capítulos, além daquele que o encerra com um breve comentário conclusivo. No primeiro são apresentados o problema de pesquisa, seus objetivos e pressupostos, e as principais características do PETI, para em seguida ser analisado o referencial teórico sobre a cooperação intergovernamental no âmbito das políticas sociais no Brasil. No segundo capítulo é discutida a ocorrência do trabalho infantil em âmbito internacional, por meio de esforço analítico que compara a associação entre as taxas de atividade da população de 10 a 14 anos e um conjunto de variáveis que expressam fatores de ordem socioeconômica e demográfica para uma amostra de 25 países com mais de 20 milhões de habitantes. O terceiro capítulo é desenvolvido em termos similares ao anterior, analisando como evoluiu a ocupação de crianças no país desde meados do século passado, e em que medida as diferenças entre os Estados brasileiros a respeito estão associadas a variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, com ênfase na estrutura do mercado de trabalho. O quarto capítulo analisa as diferenças entre os municípios brasileiros a respeito, e conclui que o PETI não pode ser considerado entre os principais fatores que explicam as variações nas taxas de atividade da população infantil na década passada, apontando alguns dos limites do Programa relacionados à promoção da cooperação intergovernamental necessária para que o país continue avançando de forma mais efetiva no enfrentamento da questão. O trabalho inclui também um balanço sobre a produção acadêmica brasileira a respeito do trabalho infantil, destacando o conjunto de estudos voltados à análise das ações do Estado frente à questão (Apêndice A).

South African law treats planning and the environment separately, causing considerable problems when developing land. Concerns in this regard are worldwide and various approaches have been adopted to solve them. This research seeks to explore what legal solutions can be provided using some international examples, fitting them within the unique governance, historical and legal context of South Africa. / Jurisprudence / LLM

This thesis examines regional integration in Southern Africa and the evolution of SADC. Regional developments are evaluated with the yardsticks of integration theory, against the background of international regionalisation, and in terms of the region's practical record, its rhetoric and future agenda. The extent to which economic integration is progressing, is determined, after which the thesis focuses on political integration within SADC - both de Jure and de facto. Finally, developments within the region are evaluated in light of normative prerequisites for increased political integration. The thesis finds that the integration process in SADC does not fit into traditional integration theory, and concludes that successful economic integration in the region is not necessarily a prerequisite to political integration, but would facilitate it. The research finally concludes that there is evidence of embryonic political integration within SADC, which will wane or grow depending primarily on the political will of its constituents / Political Science / M.A. (Politics)

Le contrôle juridictionnel de la coopération intergouvernementale dans l'Union européenne a longtemps fait difficulté. Initialement, la mise à l'écart du juge a conditionné le recours à cette coopération organisée "dans" l'Union. Pourtant, chaque avancée des traités a entraîné un progrès du juge de l'Union et, dès l'origine, la coopération a donné lieu à la formation d'une jurisprudence significative. La coopération intergouvernementale dans l'Union constitue un terrain privilégié d'investigation, susceptible de contribuer à enrichir l'étude d'un processus, celui de la juridictionnalisation de l'Union. Loin de stériliser cette hypothèse, le traité de Lisbonne l'a confirmée et valorisée. L'analyse de la jurisprudence révèle l'existence d'un modèle de contrôle juridictionnel de la coopération intergouvernementale dans l'Union. Celui-ci repose sur le principe d'un contrôle. Forme d'aboutissement du processus, dont elle permet de saisir l'implantation et la portée, l'admission du principe au niveau constitutionnel marque aussi une nouvelle étape dans ce processus. Le juge de l'Union progresse au sein d'un système de contrôle, composé du juge national et de la Cour européenne des droits de l'Homme. Les interactions entre juges sont essentielles pour comprendre l'évolution de l'office du juge de l'Union. S'il est classique d'attendre d'un juge constitutionnel qu'il régule le système institutionnel et qu'il assure la protection des droits fondamentaux, les exigences matérielles et opérationnelles de l'action intergouvernementale contribuent au déploiement d'une fonction juridictionnelle ordinaire. Ces deux axes de travail, principe et fonctions, jettent un éclairage d'ensemble sur le modèle en construction et permettent d'appréhender dans toute sa complétude le processus de juridictionnalisation de la coopération intergouvernementale dans l'Union. / During a long time, the judicial control of the intergovernmental cooperation in the European Union remained a difficulty. Initially, the sideline of the judge conditioned the use of this cooperation, organised “in” the European Union. However, each step forward of the Treaties led to a progress of the judge of the Union and, from the very beginning, cooperation has resulted in the creation of a significant jurisprudence. Indeed, intergovernmental cooperation in the European Union constitutes a privileged field for investigation, which may contribute to enrich the study of a process, the process of judicialization of the European Union. Away from sterilizing this hypothesis, it was eventually confirmed and valued by the Lisbon Treaty. The analyse of the jurisprudence concerning the common foreign and security policy and the police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters reveals the existence of a model of judicial control over the intergovernmental cooperation in the European Union. This model is based on the principle of control. The admission of the principle, at the constitutional level, is a form of outcome of the process; it allows understanding the establishment and the extent of the process, as well as it materializes a new step in this process. The European judge evolves in a system of control, constituted by the national Court and the European Court of Human Rights. The judges’ interactions are essential in order to understand the evolution of the role of the European Union judge. Although it appears classical to expect from a constitutional judge that he rules the institutional system and that he ensures the protection of fundamental rights, the intergovernmental action material and operational requirements contribute to the deployment of an ordinary judicial function. These two axes of research, principle and functions, project a comprehensive highlight on the model under construction, and allow apprehending, in its entirety, the process of judicialization of the intergovernmental cooperation in the European Union.

Local government is an important level of participatory democracy, where communities play an active role not only as the electorate, but also as end-users and consumers, and thereby holding their municipal councils accountable for their actions. Given the above statement, the interim Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan 2011, entrusts local government with the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. It also provides for the promotion of social and economic development and the promotion of a safe and healthy environment. This also entails the need for a commitment to service delivery hence, public representatives and public officials must take seriously their obligation to render services to the people that could be in the form of ensuring that refuse gets collected, electricity being supplied and other services rendered which better the general welfare of citizens. There are several definitions of public participation, but it can be defined as a process of empowering citizens by involving them in making decisions on all issues that concern them, which can be political, social or economic. The main aim of this study was to, investigate and identify the nature and extent of integrated participatory planning in Yei River County and the extent to which opportunities for public participation are accessible to the communities. The study sought to investigate: How different stakeholders in the community in Yei River County make use of public participation opportunities during the integrated participatory planning process? As such, the main objectives of the study were to; to assess the existing integrated participatory planning practices in Yei River County, to examine and evaluate how the existing integrated participatory planning practices influence service delivery in Yei River County and lastly to identify the barriers to effective integrated participatory planning in YRC and advance recommendations for improvement. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used and data was collected from a sample of two hundred and twenty-six (226) public officials, comprising of Local Government officials, County councillors and members of the public. Results from the data collected using open and close-ended questionnaires, showed that public participation is very important in local government planning as it leads to incorporation of public suggestions and interests in the development strategies. The results further showed that public meetings and workshops were the only public participation mechanisms being used by Yei River County. The study therefore recommended among other things that, Yei River County should strengthen public participation in integrated participatory planning by providing adequate skilled human resources and establishing structures, as well as public participation mechanisms at the Payam and Boma levels. It was also recommended that the communities needed to utilise all available mechanisms of participation to ensure maximum participation during the integrated participatory planning processes.