Orientador: Francisco Luiz Corsi / Banca: Tullo Vigenani / Banca: Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Carvalho / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma comparação entre as estratégias de inserção na economia internacional do Brasil e do México nos anos 1990. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, tomaremos como referencial as medidas de política econômica e de política externa adotadas por ambos os países no Mercosul, no caso brasileiro, e no Nafta, no caso mexicano. Para tal, é necessário fazer uma contextualização política e econômica do período anterior, sobretudo, a década de 1980, que marcou o fim de uma etapa histórica para uma nova forma de desenvolvimento. A crise da dívida externa que afetou diretamente a economia da maior parte dos países latino-americanos marcou o fim do modelo nacional desenvolvimentista, ou modelo de substituição de importações, dando espaço ao modelo econômico amparado em políticas neoliberais. Desse modo, no contexto da globalização, esse novo processo de desenvolvimento é responsável pela adoção de novas estratégias de política econômica e pela modificação da natureza da política externa, no que se refere às implicações das mudanças internacionais e domésticas, para a formulação da política externa. Pretendemos, portanto, compreender quais foram essas estratégias de inserção e os seus reflexos econômicos, bem como analisar sua relação com os processos de integração econômica regional e com a formulação da política externa de ambos os países. / Abstract: This research aims to conduct a comparison between the strategies of insertion into the international economy of Brazil and Mexico in the 1990s. Through literature, we take as reference the economic policy measures and the foreign policy adopted by Brazil in Mercosul, and Mexico in NAFTA. This way, a political and an economic context of the previous period is necessary, especially the 1980s, which defined the end of an historic step towards a new form of development. The foreign debt crisis which directly affected the economy of most Latin American countries marked the end of the national development model, or model of import substitution, leaving a gap, that later would be filled up by the economic model of neoliberal policies supported. Thus, in the context of globalization, this new development process is responsible for adopting new strategies for economic policy and by changing the nature of foreign policy, regarding the implications of international and domestics transitions, to the formulation of foreign policy. Therefore, we aim to understand what were those insertion's strategies and their economic consequences, as well as examine their relationship with the processes of regional economic integration and the formulation of foreign policy of both countries. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 preto_ccl_me_mar.pdf: 518789 bytes, checksum: ff69050c8e910c1c95be956f0948b03f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo central examinar e problematizar a reflexão sobre o relacionamento entre a Organização Mundial do Comércio e, seu principal arquiteto, os Estados Unidos, à luz de diferentes teorias das Relações Internacionais e de considerações em torno do debate doméstico sobre a OMC nesse país. Observamos a relação entre os EUA e a OMC tanto no que concerne o plano das negociações comerciais multilaterais, como também, no que se refere à dimensão do Órgão de Solução de Controvérsias, tentando estabelecer paralelos com as dificuldades de negociação no âmbito da Rodada Doha. Historicamente, os EUA dominaram os resultados das negociações comerciais multilaterais, prevalecendo na determinação do conteúdo das regras da OMC, assim como, na definição de suas principais características: uma ampla cobertura temática e a presença de um mecanismo judicial que está entre as formas mais avançadas de direito internacional da atualidade. Contudo, estudos indicam que, no plano das negociações comerciais, devido a alterações na economia mundial, a tradicional influência norte-americana foi sendo reduzida ao longo do tempo, apresentando implicações importantes para o processo de produção de regras da organização. Além disso, autores sugerem que a reforma do OSC melhorou o posicionamento das partes demandantes das disputas, mesmo quando essas partes estavam iniciando casos contra os EUA, restringindo assim a capacidade desse Estado de determinar os resultados das disputas e de descumprir seus compromissos internacionais no campo do comércio. Os interesses norte-americanos estão largamente refletidos na OMC e, embora esse seja o traço mais forte a definir o relacionamento entre os EUA e essa instituição, ele não é o único. A interação entre a OMC e os interesses dos EUA parece mais complexa do que alguns teóricos das relações internacionais argumentaram / The main purpose of this work is to examine and discuss the reflection on the relationship between the World Trade Organization and, its principal architect, the United States, in light of different theories of International Relations and of considerations over the domestic debate on the WTO in this country. We observed the relationship between the U.S. and the WTO both in respect to the multilateral trade negotiations and with regard to the Dispute Settlement Body, trying to draw parallels with the current difficulties in negotiating the Doha Round. Historically, the U.S. has dominated the results of multilateral trade negotiations, prevailed in the determination of the rules of the WTO and, consequently, in the definition of its main features: a broad coverage and the presence of a judicial mechanism that is among the most advanced forms of international law today. Nevertheless, concerning the multilateral trade negotiations, studies point out that, due to changes in the global economy, U.S.’s influence in this area has been reduced over time, with significant implications for the rule-making process of the organization. Besides that, some authors argue that the reform of the DSB has improved the positioning of plaintiffs in disputes, even when they were starting cases against the U.S. and thus restricted U.S.’s ability to determine the outcome of disputes and disregard its international commitments in the field of trade. U.S.’s interests are largely reflected in the WTO and, although this is the strongest characteristic applied in order to describe the relationship between the U.S. and this institution, this is not the only one. The interaction between the WTO and the U.S’s interests may actually be more complex than some International Relations scholars have argued

Orientador: Jete Jane Fiorati / Banca: Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura / Banca: Elisabete Maniglia / Resumo: O presente estudo possui como objeto de estudo o Protocolo de Quioto; o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo, e as expectativas para o futuro dos acordos climáticos no período pós 2012. Para tanto, serão abordados os principais estudos realizados na segunda metade do século XX, os quais apontavam a necessidade de exploração dos recursos naturais de forma sustentável, a direta relação existente entre as atividades humanas e a intensificação do efeito estufa no planeta, bem como a forma como estas circunstâncias contribuíram com a formação do atual arcabouço jurídico ambiental internacional, destacando-se a Convenção Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudanças Climáticas e o Protocolo de Quioto. Em sequência serão destacados o funcionamento do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo, as possibilidades de desenvolvimento de projetos de MDL e as oportunidades de participação do Brasil no comércio dos créditos de carbono. Também, serão analisadas as legislações ambientais e políticas públicas brasileiras voltadas à regulamentação do mercado das RCEs e à mitigação de emissões de gases de efeito estufa. O objetivo final é verificar as oportunidades econômicas e de desenvolvimento sustentável propiciadas ao Brasil e demais países em desenvolvimento pelo Protocolo de Quioto e a forma como a legislação brasileira está estruturada para implementar o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo, regulamentar o mercado de créditos de carbono e preparar-se para a assunção de futuras metas de redução de emissões / Abstract: The present study concerns the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism and the expectations for the future of climate agreements in the period after 2012. Consequently, this research will be focused the major studies carried out in the second half of the twentieth century, which indicated the need for exploitation of natural resources in a sustainable manner, the direct relationship between human activities and the intensification of the greenhouse effect in the planet; and how these circumstances contributed to the formation of the current international environmental legal framework, especially the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. Following that, the operation of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the possibilities for development of CDM projects and opportunities for participation of Brazil in the trade of carbon credits will be highlighted. In addition, the environmental Brazilian laws and public policies aimed at regulating the market for Certified Reductions Emissions (CERs) and mitigating emissions of greenhouse gases will be analyzed. The ultimate goal is to verify the economic and sustainable development opportunities offered to Brazil and other developing countries under the Kyoto Protocol, and how the Brazilian legislation is structured to implement the Clean Development Mechanism, regulate the market for carbon credits and be prepared for the assumption of future emission reduction targets / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gullo_mf_me_fran.pdf: 1374481 bytes, checksum: 421450b4ff4caaee1efec4aa9155d9d9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo possui como objeto de estudo o Protocolo de Quioto; o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo, e as expectativas para o futuro dos acordos climáticos no período pós 2012. Para tanto, serão abordados os principais estudos realizados na segunda metade do século XX, os quais apontavam a necessidade de exploração dos recursos naturais de forma sustentável, a direta relação existente entre as atividades humanas e a intensificação do efeito estufa no planeta, bem como a forma como estas circunstâncias contribuíram com a formação do atual arcabouço jurídico ambiental internacional, destacando-se a Convenção Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudanças Climáticas e o Protocolo de Quioto. Em sequência serão destacados o funcionamento do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo, as possibilidades de desenvolvimento de projetos de MDL e as oportunidades de participação do Brasil no comércio dos créditos de carbono. Também, serão analisadas as legislações ambientais e políticas públicas brasileiras voltadas à regulamentação do mercado das RCEs e à mitigação de emissões de gases de efeito estufa. O objetivo final é verificar as oportunidades econômicas e de desenvolvimento sustentável propiciadas ao Brasil e demais países em desenvolvimento pelo Protocolo de Quioto e a forma como a legislação brasileira está estruturada para implementar o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo, regulamentar o mercado de créditos de carbono e preparar-se para a assunção de futuras metas de redução de emissões / The present study concerns the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism and the expectations for the future of climate agreements in the period after 2012. Consequently, this research will be focused the major studies carried out in the second half of the twentieth century, which indicated the need for exploitation of natural resources in a sustainable manner, the direct relationship between human activities and the intensification of the greenhouse effect in the planet; and how these circumstances contributed to the formation of the current international environmental legal framework, especially the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. Following that, the operation of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the possibilities for development of CDM projects and opportunities for participation of Brazil in the trade of carbon credits will be highlighted. In addition, the environmental Brazilian laws and public policies aimed at regulating the market for Certified Reductions Emissions (CERs) and mitigating emissions of greenhouse gases will be analyzed. The ultimate goal is to verify the economic and sustainable development opportunities offered to Brazil and other developing countries under the Kyoto Protocol, and how the Brazilian legislation is structured to implement the Clean Development Mechanism, regulate the market for carbon credits and be prepared for the assumption of future emission reduction targets

Submitted by Michel Ferreira Cardia Haddad (michel1404@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-01-16T18:22:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final - Dissertação - Michel Haddad.pdf: 3234670 bytes, checksum: 87ebc92b5b29bcb72a2ee1b8b8e9c651 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Soares da Silva (eliene.silva@fgv.br) on 2013-01-16T18:23:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final - Dissertação - Michel Haddad.pdf: 3234670 bytes, checksum: 87ebc92b5b29bcb72a2ee1b8b8e9c651 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-16T18:27:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final - Dissertação - Michel Haddad.pdf: 3234670 bytes, checksum: 87ebc92b5b29bcb72a2ee1b8b8e9c651 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-18 / O presente estudo investiga a existência de contágio financeiro entre os países do G20, com base em uma análise sobre os retornos dos principais índices de ações, abrangendo o período de 2000 a 2012. A abordagem utilizada consiste na utilização de modelos multivariados de volatilidade da família DCC-GARCH, na versão proposta por Engle e Sheppard (2001). Com base nos testes efetuados, conclui-se que houve mudanças estruturais nas séries analisadas em praticamente todos os 14 países analisados, sendo que os resultados obtidos demonstram evidências favoráveis para a hipótese de contágio financeiro entre países do G20. Verificou-se também que dentre as diversas crises financeiras ocorridas durante o período analisado, a Crise do Subprime destaca-se das demais crises, devido a sua magnitude e velocidade com que se propagou, afetando tanto países desenvolvidos como países emergentes. / This study investigates the existence of financial contagion among the G20 countries, based on an analysis of the returns of main stock indices, covering the period from 2000 to 2012. The approach consists of using multivariate models of volatility family DCC-GARCH, as proposed by Engle and Sheppard (2001). Based on econometric tests, it was concluded that there were structural changes in the series analyzed from virtually all 14 countries analyzed, and the results show evidence favorable to the hypothesis of financial contagion among G20 countries. It was also found that among the various financial crises that occurred during the reporting period, the Subprime Crisis stands out from other crises, due to its magnitude and speed of spread, affecting both developed and emerging countries.

Thesis (M. Com. (Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / International trade has been identified by many economists to be an engine for growth and development. There has been an increase in the number of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements across the globe. Trade has gained significant attention among developed and developing countries and it hugely attributed to the impact of technology and globalisation. The study employs autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to analyse The effects of international trade on economic growth in South Africa from (2000Q1 to 2017Q1) and economic review. The quarterly time series data from 2000Q1 to 2017Q1 is sourced from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and Quantec Easy Data. This study is envisaged to provide a better understanding on the relationship between South African economic growth and international trade. The findings brought light on how growth can be improved in South Africa. The unit root tests indicate a mixture of I(0) and I(1) variables which implied the employment of the ARDL approach. The cointegration model emphasizes the long-run equilibrium relationship between the dependant and independent variables. The findings reveal that exchange rate and import are positively related with GDP while one export is negatively related to it. The conclusion from this work is that there is correlation between GDP and its regressors. Since the results show that South African export have negative impact on growth, it is recommended that South African government must promote trading of goods and services internally and not focus much on exporting its primary goods and services abroad because it weakens the economy. It is recommended that South Africa must produce or export according to the need of the industry, so that the country benefit in return. Lastly, it is recommended that South Africa must support local industries and firms to create more employment opportunities and start programmes that will make youth to be active in businesses and reduce over reliance to the government.

The question for this thesis is whether the four major stock markets--the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and Japan are interdependent or segmented. The study period runs from February 1979 to June 1987, with the Wall Street Journal as a source of data. The Granger causality test is used to test for relationships among the four major stock markets. The thesis is divided into five chapters-- 1) statement of the problem; 2) survey of literature; 3) methodology; 4) results and 5) conclusions. The overall findings of this thesis indicate that there are few or no comovement similarities among all the four stock markets. However, the findings do point out the significant influence of the United States stock market on the other three stock markets.

This study empirically tested the two competing development theories--modernization and dependency/world-system. Theoretical and methodological approaches suggested by these two paradigms offer opposing interpretations of the incorporation of the Third World countries into the world capitalist system. Therefore, they provide conflicting and, at times, confusing guidelines on the ways available to enhance the well-being of the general populations in these countries. To shed light on the subject matter, this study uses a few specific indicators of economic growth and human development by comparing the outcomes based on the two conflicting paradigms. The comparative process allows us to confirm the one theoretical approach that best explains human conditions in Third World settings. The study focuses on specific aspects of foreign domination--foreign investment, foreign trade, foreign debt, and the resulting disarticulated national economies. The main arguement, here, conveys the idea that as far as Third World countries are tied in an inescapable and unilaterally benefitial (to the core countries of course) economic and political relations, there will be no hope for any form of sustainable economic growth. Human well-being in Third World countries might very well depend on their ability to develop self-reliant economies with the least possible ties to the world capitalist system.

Risks faced by South African offshore investors is a study that seeks to identify and rank in order of importance the risks that are faced by South African offshore investors. As a global player, South African investment institutions exchange trades with institutions in other countries. These trades are, however, not risk free. Trading in foreign markets can lead to institutions collapsing if their investment plans are not well formulated. There are many factors to consider when planning an offshore investment. For example, what products to invest in, which countries to invest in, why invest in such countries or institutions, how long is the investment going to be, and what are the expected returns, taking into account all the risks involved. All these questions and many others should be answered before investing offshore. South African investment brokers registered with the Financial Services Board and licensed to trade offshore were selected as the target population to respond to a questionnaire designed for this study. A web-based questionnaire using LimeSurvey was used to collate data from the respondents. The SPSS statistical methodology was used for the analysis from where recommendations and conclusions were drawn. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

This thesis examines the applicability of the theoretical framework of strategic trade to the export-led growth of the automobile industry in South Korea. The study focuses on four areas. First, the "new" theory of international trade is elaborated in order to identify the “prerequisite” industrial characteristics under which policies of strategic trade are theoretically advantageous. Secondly, the development of the automobile industry in South Korea is analyzed. The focus is on examining the role of the state in initiating industrial and trade policies that specifically targeted the automobile sector. This thesis argues that strategic trade is a valid analytical framework in the case of the South Korean automobile industry. Thirdly, the development of the automobile industry in South Korea is compared with that of Mexico. The comparative perspective helps highlight several factors that may have helped make policies of strategic trade effective in the South Korean case. These factors include a virtual absence of transnational corporations and domestic industrial conglomeration in the South Korean automobile industry. Finally, based on the possible critical importance of these factors for policy implementation and outcomes, the thesis ends with a discussion on the relevance of strategic trade as a model for economic development. / Master of Arts