Mondialement, les organisations policières sont responsables de résoudre les crimes qui sont commis physiquement dans les juridictions qui leur sont attribuées. Cependant, ce fonctionnement n’est pas adapté aux cybercrimes, considérant qu’ils sont commis virtuellement et non physiquement dans l’espace. Depuis les dernières années, des milliers de criminels utilisent le darkweb, la portion cachée de l’Internet, afin de commettre des crimes à l’insu de toutes détections policières. En effet, les forces de l’ordre se retrouvent bien souvent dans l’incapacité d’intervenir face aux cybercrimes à cause du manque de ressources financières et humaines ainsi que du manque de formations adéquates. Une solution proposée face à ce problème est de favoriser les collaborations internationales qui transcendent les juridictions. Cependant, la littérature sur le sujet de la collaboration internationale n’est plus d’actualité et ne prend pas en considération les défis causés par les technologies. Étant la première étude à se pencher sur cette problématique, ce mémoire a pour objectif général de comprendre les collaborations internationales dans les enquêtes policières sur les crimes commis à l’aide du darkweb. Précisément, cette étude exploratoire désire (1) décrire et comprendre les motivations qui poussent les enquêteurs à collaborer à l’extérieur de leur agence policière et (2) décrire et comprendre les types de collaboration nécessaire à la réalisation d’une enquête policière sur le darkweb. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons une approche internationale et centrée sur les policiers grâce à un corpus de 20 entretiens avec des enquêteurs de cinq pays (Canada, États-Unis, Royaume-Uni, Australie et Suède). Cette recherche s'appuie sur le point de vue des participants afin d'apprécier leurs réalités et leurs expériences. À l’aide d’une analyse thématique classique, nous avons décrit cinq principales motivations et trois types de collaboration expérimentés par les sujets. Ce mémoire permet de mettre en lien des thématiques distinctes dans la littérature, de générer de nouvelles connaissances et d’établir les bases conceptuelles pour de futures recherches. Les résultats illustrent la pertinence et la nécessité de mettre de l’avant les collaborations internationales afin d’accroître le succès des enquêtes policières sur les crimes commis à l’aide du darkweb. / Globally, police organizations are responsible for solving crimes committed physically in their assigned jurisdictions. Considering that they are committed virtually and not physically in space, this system is not adequate for tackling cybercrimes. In the last decades, thousands of criminals have been using the darkweb, the hidden part of the Internet, to commit crimes without police detection. Indeed, law enforcement agencies are often unable to intervene in cybercrimes due to a lack of financial, human resources and adequate training. One proposed solution to this problem is to foster international collaborations that transcend jurisdictions. However, the literature about international collaboration is outdated and does not consider the challenges caused by technology. As the first study to address this issue, the overall goal of this master’s thesis is to understand international collaborations in police investigations of darkweb crimes. Specifically, this exploratory study seeks to (1) describe and understand the motivations that drive investigators to collaborate outside of their police agency and (2) describe and understand the types of collaboration required to conduct a police investigation on the darkweb. We used an international and police-centric approach through a corpus of 20 interviews with investigators from five countries (Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Sweden). This research draws on the participants' perspectives to appreciate their realities and experiences. Using the traditional thematic analysis, we described five main motivations and three types of collaboration experienced by the subjects. This dissertation connects distinct themes in the literature, generates new knowledge, and establishes the conceptual basis for future research. The results illustrate the relevance and necessity of improving international collaborations to increase the success of police investigations of darkweb-related crimes.

ABSTRACT: Purpose: To describe a research-based global curriculum in speech-language pathology and audiology that is part of a funded cross-linguistic consortium among 2 U.S. and 2 Brazilian universities. Method: The need for a global curriculum in speechlanguage pathology and audiology is outlined, and different funding sources are identified to support development of a global curriculum. The U.S. Department of Education’s Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE), in conjunction with the Brazilian Ministry of Education (Fundacao Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior; CAPES), funded the establishment of a shared research curriculum project, “Consortium for Promoting Cross-Linguistic Understanding of Communication Disabilities in Children” for East Tennessee State University and the University of Northern Iowa and 2 Brazilian universities (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria and Universidade de São Paulo-Baurú). Results: The goals and objectives of the research-based global curriculum are summarized, and a description of an Internet-based course, “Different Languages, One World,” is provided Conclusion: Partnerships such as the FIPSE–CAPES consortium provide a foundation for training future generations of globally and research-prepared practitioners in speechlanguage pathology and audiology.

Since its emergence in the late 1960s, mechatronics has become well-established as an academic subject, and is now researched and taught at a large number of universities worldwide. The most widely-used definition of the subject today is centered on the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electronics, and intelligent computer control. The aim of this thesis is to work between the disciplines of engineering education and mechatronics to address both the question of the identity of the subject of mechatronics and the ways in which this identity can be reflected in the practice of mechatronics education. Empirical data from the literature is supplemented with further data from four case studies with approaches varying from exploratory case studies and ethnographic in-depth studies to explanatory studies with an action research based approach. The process and results of the investigation can be divided into three aspects. Firstly, analysis of the subject of mechatronics shows that its identity is thematic and its legitimacy is functional, implying that the selection and communication of the subject ought to be exemplifying and interactive respectively. Secondly, and following this analysis, the concept of international collaboration is used as the implementation for the first two case studies. The results of these studies show a relationship between collaborative projects and enhanced disciplinary learning and skills, increased awareness of cultural differences, and improved motivation. Another potential implementation, experimental learning, is then tested in two action research based studies focusing on fast prototyping and individual access to laboratory equipment. Mechatronics is a special subject, not easily understood or taught. To be mechatronic is to be synergistic, and to be synergistic generally demands expertise in all underlying subjects. The conclusion of this thesis is that this requires a non-traditional education where the focus is on training rather than studying, coaching rather than teaching, experimenting rather than reading, working together rather than apart, and being mechatronic rather than studying mechatronics. / Mekatronik som ämne uppstod under 1960-talets senare del och har sedan dess etablerats som akademiskt ämne som beforskas och undervisas på ett stort antal universitet runt om i världen. Den idag mest utbredda definitionen av ämnet fokuserar på synergi och synergistisk integration av maskinteknik, elektronik och intelligent datorstyrning. Målsättningen med denna avhandling är att bidra till forskning i området mellan de två fälten ingenjörsutbildning och mekatronik. Forskningsfrågan behandlar identiteten hos ämnet mekatronik och hur denna identitet kan återspeglas i undervisningens praktik. Empiriskt material för denna avhandling har hämtats från litteraturen tillsammans med fyra fallstudier. Forskningsmetodiken i fallstudierna har varierats från utforskande fallstudier och etnografiska djuplodande studier till förklarande studier med en aktionsforskningsansats. Studien och resultaten därutav kan delas in i tre delar. Den första delen behandlar ämnet mekatronik och visar att ämnets identitet är tematisk och att legitimiteten är funktionell. Detta innebär att ämnets selektion och kommunikation bör vara exemplifierande respektive interaktiv. I den andra delen används denna definition för studier av internationellt samarbete i mekatronik, vilket utgör basen för de två första fallstudierna. Resultaten från dessa studier visar på en relation mellan det internationella samarbetet och ett ökat disciplinärt lärande, ökad medvetenhet om kulturella skillnader samt en ökad motivation. Den tredje delen relateras till ytterligare en tänkbar implementation av definitionen, en idé om experimentellt lärande. Denna prövas i två studier baserade på aktionsforskning som behandlar snabb prototypframställning och individuell tillgång till avancerad laborationsutrustning. Mekatronik är ett speciellt ämne, inte helt enkelt att förstå eller undervisa. Att vara mekatronisk innebär att vara synergistisk, och att vara synergistisk kräver vanligtvis expertkunskap i de underliggande områdena. Resultatet av denna avhandling är att detta kräver en icke-traditionell undervisning där fokus är på träning snarare än studerande, handledning och guidning snarare än undervisning, experimenterande snarare än läsning, arbete tillsammans snarare än individuellt och att vara mekatronisk snarare än att studera mekatronik. / QC 20100609

Syfte: Denna studie har ämnat undersöka vilka faktorer som möjliggör respektive hindrar att internationell samverkan kan påverka HR-medarbetares känsla av sammanhang och självtillit samt vilka effekter det kan resultera i. Metod: Studien bygger på en abduktiv ansats och forskningsfrågorna har besvarats genom en kvalitativ metod. Datan som ligger till grund för studiens resultat samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vid datainsamlingen undersöktes fem internationella organisationer med respondenter som har en befattning inom HR och en tematisk analysmetod tillämpades vid sammanställningen av resultatet. Resultat: Resultatet visar att det finns olika framgångsfaktorer och barriärer för att internationell samverkan ska leda till en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit.  Teknologi, fysiska möten, ledarskap och kultur samt HR-funktionens struktur och medarbetarnas roller har identifierats som de viktigaste framgångsfaktorerna. Kultur, tid och avstånd utgör barriärer för att internationell samverkan ska leda till en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit. Resultatet påvisar också att sambandet mellan internationell samverkan, en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit leder till flera olika effekter, som en ökad prestation, motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse. Dessa effekter resulterar i en ökad vilja hos HR-medarbetarna till att samverka över nationella gränser. Teoretiska implikationer: Studien bidrar med teoretiska implikationer till forskningen inom SIHRM genom att studera internationell samverkan ur ett nytt perspektiv. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för vilka faktorer som möjliggör eller hindrar att samverkan ska bidra till en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit för medarbetarna inom HR-funktioner. Studien bidrar även med en ökad förståelse för hur effekterna av sambandet kan främja HR-funktionens internationella samverkan positivt. Praktiska implikationer: Studien kan användas som ett ramverk för HR-medarbetare och chefer samt andra individer som samverkar över nationella gränser. Detta genom att det kan bidra med en förståelse för vilka faktorer som främjar eller hindrar att samverkan kan påverka en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit. / Purpose: The aim of this study have been to examine barriers and success factors for how international collaboration affect HR employees sense of coherence and self-efficacy and the resulting effects. Method: The study is based on an abductive approach and the research questions have been answered with a qualitative method. The data on which the results of the study is based were collected by conducting semistructured interviews. Interviews was conducted with HR people in five international organizations and a thematic analysis method was applied. Results: The results show that there are several different success factors and barriers to international collaboration leading to a sense of coherence and self-efficacy. Technology, physical meetings, leadership and culture, structure and roles of the employees have been identified as the most important success factors. Culture, time and distance are barriers to international collaboration leading to a sense of coherence and self-efficacy. The result also shows that the relationship between international collaboration, a sense of coherence and self-efficacy leads to several different effects, such as increased work performance, motivation and job satisfaction. These effects result in an increased motivation to collaborate across national borders. Theoretical implications: The study contributes theoretical implications to SIHRM research by studying international collaboration from a new perspective. The study contributes to an increased understanding of which factors enable or prevent international collaboration to affect HR employees' sense of coherence and self-efficacy. The study also contributes with an increased understanding of how the effects of the association can positively promote the HR function's international collaboration. Practical implications: The study can be used as a framework for HR employees and managers as well as other individuals who collaborate across national borders. It can contribute with an understanding of which factors enable or prevent collaboration to affect a sense of coherence and self-efficacy.

Purpose: The aim of this study have been to examine barriers and success factors for how international collaboration affect HR employees sense of coherence and self-efficacy and the resulting effects. Method: The study is based on an abductive approach and the research questions have been answered with a qualitative method. The data on which the results of the study is based were collected by conducting semistructured interviews. Interviews was conducted with HR people in five international organizations and a thematic analysis method was applied. Results: The results show that there are several different success factors and barriers to international collaboration leading to a sense of coherence and self-efficacy. Technology, physical meetings, leadership and culture, structure and roles of the employees have been identified as the most important success factors. Culture, time and distance are barriers to international collaboration leading to a sense of coherence and self-efficacy. The result also shows that the relationship between international collaboration, a sense of coherence and self-efficacy leads to several different effects, such as increased work performance, motivation and job satisfaction. These effects result in an increased motivation to collaborate across national borders. Theoretical implications: The study contributes theoretical implications to SIHRM research by studying international collaboration from a new perspective. The study contributes to an increased understanding of which factors enable or prevent international collaboration to affect HR employees' sense of coherence and self-efficacy. The study also contributes with an increased understanding of how the effects of the association can positively promote the HR function's international collaboration. Practical implications: The study can be used as a framework for HR employees and managers as well as other individuals who collaborate across national borders. It can contribute with an understanding of which factors enable or prevent collaboration to affect a sense of coherence and self-efficacy. / Syfte: Denna studie har ämnat undersöka vilka faktorer som möjliggör respektive hindrar att internationell samverkan kan påverka HR-medarbetares känsla av sammanhang och självtillit samt vilka effekter det kan resultera i. Metod: Studien bygger på en abduktiv ansats och forskningsfrågorna har besvarats genom en kvalitativ metod. Datan som ligger till grund för studiens resultat samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vid datainsamlingen undersöktes fem internationella organisationer med respondenter som har en befattning inom HR och en tematisk analysmetod tillämpades vid sammanställningen av resultatet. Resultat: Resultatet visar att det finns olika framgångsfaktorer och barriärer för att internationell samverkan ska leda till en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit.  Teknologi, fysiska möten, ledarskap och kultur samt HR-funktionens struktur och medarbetarnas roller har identifierats som de viktigaste framgångsfaktorerna. Kultur, tid och avstånd utgör barriärer för att internationell samverkan ska leda till en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit. Resultatet påvisar också att sambandet mellan internationell samverkan, en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit leder till flera olika effekter, som en ökad prestation, motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse. Dessa effekter resulterar i en ökad vilja hos HR-medarbetarna till att samverka över nationella gränser. Teoretiska implikationer: Studien bidrar med teoretiska implikationer till forskningen inom SIHRM genom att studera internationell samverkan ur ett nytt perspektiv. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för vilka faktorer som möjliggör eller hindrar att samverkan ska bidra till en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit för medarbetarna inom HR-funktioner. Studien bidrar även med en ökad förståelse för hur effekterna av sambandet kan främja HR-funktionens internationella samverkan positivt. Praktiska implikationer: Studien kan användas som ett ramverk för HR-medarbetare och chefer samt andra individer som samverkar över nationella gränser. Detta genom att det kan bidra med en förståelse för vilka faktorer som främjar eller hindrar att samverkan kan påverka en känsla av sammanhang och självtillit.

Submitted by José Augusto Zague (jzag6@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-23T16:32:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE ZAGUE JA REPOSITORIO.pdf: 2548632 bytes, checksum: 09595f941daad0ed92a494cd679f55b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-04-23T18:07:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 zague_ja_dr_mar.pdf: 2548632 bytes, checksum: 09595f941daad0ed92a494cd679f55b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T18:07:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 zague_ja_dr_mar.pdf: 2548632 bytes, checksum: 09595f941daad0ed92a494cd679f55b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta tese é compreender os motivos que levaram a paralisação do programa para a produção do Avião de Treinamento Primário Básico Unasul I, que se desenvolveu sob a coordenação do Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano (CDS), em um consórcio integrado por quatro países: Argentina, Brasil, Equador e Venezuela. A pesquisa enfatizou os processos históricos e econômicos que dificultam a possibilidade de ampliar a autonomia e a integração regional no campo da produção de armamentos, especialmente a dependência de fornecedores externos, infraestrutura tecnológica insuficiente e o baixo investimento em P&D. A análise dos documentos dos Comitês Consultivo e Técnico do programa do avião de treinamento, identificou uma correlação entre a paralisação do projeto e os dois principais objetivos do CDS para a produção colaborativa de armamentos: a integração regional e a busca por maior autonomia no desenho, desenvolvimento e produção de sistemas de armas. Até a sua paralisação, duas vertentes com interesses distintos buscaram espaço no programa Unasul I: a de integração autonomista, coerente com os princípios da iniciativa do CDS e constituída por países com baixa capacitação tecnológica e industrial no setor aeronáutico; e a assimétrica, representada por países com maior capacitação na indústria de defesa e no setor aeronáutico. Não obstante a distância tecnológica que separa os países sul-americanos dos principais fabricantes mundiais de armamentos, há ainda uma notável assimetria entre o Brasil, único país que possui um parque industrial de defesa na região, e os seus parceiros sul-americanos, o que teve peso decisivo no processo de produção colaborativa coordenado pelo CDS. Nesse sentido, o modelo de produção colaborativa proposto pelos quatro países membros do CDS, se mostrou disfuncional, caracterizado pelo desequilíbrio na divisão de atribuições entre os parceiros no desenvolvimento e fabricação do avião sul-americano, o que levou a paralisação do programa. / The purpose of this thesis is to understand the reasons that led to the discontinuity of the primary flight training aircraft program, named Unasur I, developed under the coordination of the South American Defense Council (CDS) and four countries: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador and Venezuela. It sought to establish a correlation between the discontinuity of the aircraft training program and the two main objectives of the collaborative weapons production project, namely regional integration and the quest for greater autonomy in the design, development and production of weapons systems. In a subsidiary way, it was sought to understand the interests involved in the program. It was verified that until the discontinuity, two areas with different interests sought space in the program, the autonomic integration, consistent with CDS initiative’s principles, but formed by countries with low technological and industrial capacity in the aeronautical sector; and the asymmetric, represented by countries with greater capacity both in defense and aeronautical sectors. The discontinuity of the Unasul I program is related to its asymmetric and dysfunctional model. In addition, we will emphasize historical, economic, and regional geopolitical processes that impede broaden the regional autonomy and integration in the field of weapons production, such as reliance on external suppliers, low R&D investment and insufficient technological infrastructure. Despite the technological disparity between South American countries and the world major arms producers, there is still an asymmetrical regional relationship between Brazil, the only country with a defense industrial park in the subcontinent and its South American counterparts, which is decisive in international collaborative production processes. / CAPES pro-estratégia: 2612/2012

Com a adoção de diferentes estratégias de pesquisa identificadas no texto como “Números”, “Conceitos” e “Quase letras”, a tese busca compreender as relações entre as condições de atuação científica, os comportamentos informacionais dos pesquisadores, as características das publicações científicas e os condicionantes do reconhecimento científico internacional no contexto brasileiro. Em “Números”, são apresentados os resultados da pesquisa bibliométrica realizada para caracterizar a produção e o impacto de certas áreas de pesquisa no Brasil, considerando a origem (nacional ou estrangeira) dos periódicos utilizados para a publicação de resultados, assim como a colaboração internacional. A amostra foi constituída por artigos com autoria de pesquisadores brasileiros em 19 subáreas do conhecimento publicados no período de 2002 a 2011, totalizando 85.082 artigos. Para o cálculo do impacto, foi utilizado um indicador normalizado denominado Relative Subfield Citedness (Rw), adotando uma janela de 5 anos para obtenção de medidas avaliadas em 2 anos distintos: 2007 e 2012. Os dados de artigos e citações foram coletados na base de dados Web of Science. Dos resultados obtidos, destaca-se que grande parte das subáreas apresentou, de 2002/2006 para 2007/2011, uma melhoria de desempenho nos rankings mundiais de produção. Em relação à publicação em periódicos nacionais e estrangeiros, foi observada uma tendência de manutenção da distribuição da produção das subáreas de acordo com a origem do periódico. Especificamente sobre o impacto, identificou-se um padrão de Rw inferior dos artigos brasileiros publicados em periódicos nacionais em todas as subáreas, comparados com os publicados em periódicos estrangeiros; em algumas subáreas, inclusive, os publicados em periódicos estrangeiros superam a média de impacto mundial. Adotando outra estratégia de pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo baseado em entrevistas com membros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC) sobre suas percepções a respeito das condições de atuação científica no Brasil, bem como de seus próprios comportamentos em relação à construção, comunicação e uso da informação científica. Em “Conceitos” é relatada a busca por uma estrutura de análise para os dados desta pesquisa qualitativa, que resultou na proposição de um modelo fundamentado na premissa de que os comportamentos informacionais dos pesquisadores incluem estratégias que visam tanto assegurar o cumprimento de seu ofício de produção de conhecimentos, como também ampliar as chances de aceitação social de seu trabalho. Considerando a ênfase dessa concepção, as categorias de análise propostas foram reunidas em modelo que foi denominada Modelo 2C2S, identificando que os comportamentos informacionais podem se constituir como estratégias de Conhecimento, Conservação (2C), Sucessão ou Subversão (2S) no âmbito da estrutura de poder de uma área de pesquisa. Os conceitos que dão suporte a essa premissa tem origem na noção de campo científico de Bourdieu, cujo esquema sobre as relações entre “condições de existência”, “habitus”, “práticas e trabalhos” e “percepção e apreciação” foi adaptado para formar um esquema sobre as relações entre “condições de atuação científica”, “comportamentos informacionais”, “publicações científicas” e “reconhecimento científico”. Todos os elementos que constituem o Modelo 2C2S são exemplificados com trechos de entrevistas com os membros da ABC, ilustrando a adequação das categorias propostas para representar os relatos sobre os eventos empíricos estudados. Em “Quase letras”, são apresentados os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para a coleta de dados das entrevistas e as ferramentas analíticas que estão sendo aplicadas aos depoimentos, partindo da estrutura de análise obtida com o Modelo 2C2S. A análise completa dos dados empíricos desta pesquisa está ainda em fase de elaboração. / With the adoption of different research strategies identified in the text as "Numbers", "Concepts" and "Quasi letters", this thesis aim to understand the relations between conditions of scientific performance, researchers informational behaviors, characteristics of scientific publications and determinants of international scientific recognition in the Brazilian context. In "Numbers", data from bibliometric research were presented to characterize the production and the impact of certain research areas in Brazil, considering the origin (national or foreign) of the journals in which the results were published, as well as international collaboration. The sample consisted of papers published by Brazilian researchers in 19 areas of knowledge published from 2002 to 2011, totaling 85,082 articles. For impact’s calculation, a standardized indicator called Relative Subfield Citedness (Rw) was used, adopting a window of 5 years to obtain measures evaluated in two distinct years: 2007 and 2012. Data of articles and citations were collected on the Web of Science database. From results obtained, it is remarkable that for most of the sub-areas presented, from 2002/2006 to 2007/2011, a performance improvement in the world rankings of production was observed. In relation to publications in national and foreign journals, a tendency to maintain the production distribution of subareas according to the origin of the periodical was noticed. In the context of impact, a lower Rw pattern was identified for Brazilian articles published in national journals in all subareas, compared with those published in foreign journals; in some subareas, even those published in foreign journals exceed the average global impact. Adopting another research strategy, a qualitative study was conducted based on interviews with members of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (ABC), about their perceptions regarding the conditions of scientific activity in Brazil, as well as their own behaviors relative to the construction, communication and use of scientific information. In "Concepts", the search for a structure of analysis for the data of this qualitative research is reported, which resulted in the proposition of a model based on the premise that the informational behaviors of the researchers include strategies that aim both to ensure the fulfillment of their production of knowledge, as well as to increase the chances of social acceptance of their work. Considering the emphasis of this conception, the categories of analysis proposed were grouped in a model that was called Model 2C2S, identifying that informational behaviors can be constituted as Knowledge, Conservation (2C), Succession or Subversion (2S) strategies within the framework of Power of a research area. The concepts that support this premise are originated in Bourdieu's notion of the scientific field, whose scheme on the relations between "conditions of existence," "habitus," "practices and works," and "perception and appreciation" has been adapted to form a Schema on the relations between "conditions of scientific action", "information behaviors", "scientific publications" and "scientific recognition". All the elements that constitute the Model 2C2S are exemplified by excerpts from interviews with ABC members, illustrating the appropriateness of the categories, proposed to represent the reports on the empirical events studied. In "Quasi letters ", we present the methodological procedures used to collect interview data and the analytical tools that are being applied to the testimonies, starting from the structure of analysis obtained with the Model 2C2S. The complete analysis of the empirical data of this research is still being elaborated.

Com a adoção de diferentes estratégias de pesquisa identificadas no texto como “Números”, “Conceitos” e “Quase letras”, a tese busca compreender as relações entre as condições de atuação científica, os comportamentos informacionais dos pesquisadores, as características das publicações científicas e os condicionantes do reconhecimento científico internacional no contexto brasileiro. Em “Números”, são apresentados os resultados da pesquisa bibliométrica realizada para caracterizar a produção e o impacto de certas áreas de pesquisa no Brasil, considerando a origem (nacional ou estrangeira) dos periódicos utilizados para a publicação de resultados, assim como a colaboração internacional. A amostra foi constituída por artigos com autoria de pesquisadores brasileiros em 19 subáreas do conhecimento publicados no período de 2002 a 2011, totalizando 85.082 artigos. Para o cálculo do impacto, foi utilizado um indicador normalizado denominado Relative Subfield Citedness (Rw), adotando uma janela de 5 anos para obtenção de medidas avaliadas em 2 anos distintos: 2007 e 2012. Os dados de artigos e citações foram coletados na base de dados Web of Science. Dos resultados obtidos, destaca-se que grande parte das subáreas apresentou, de 2002/2006 para 2007/2011, uma melhoria de desempenho nos rankings mundiais de produção. Em relação à publicação em periódicos nacionais e estrangeiros, foi observada uma tendência de manutenção da distribuição da produção das subáreas de acordo com a origem do periódico. Especificamente sobre o impacto, identificou-se um padrão de Rw inferior dos artigos brasileiros publicados em periódicos nacionais em todas as subáreas, comparados com os publicados em periódicos estrangeiros; em algumas subáreas, inclusive, os publicados em periódicos estrangeiros superam a média de impacto mundial. Adotando outra estratégia de pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo baseado em entrevistas com membros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC) sobre suas percepções a respeito das condições de atuação científica no Brasil, bem como de seus próprios comportamentos em relação à construção, comunicação e uso da informação científica. Em “Conceitos” é relatada a busca por uma estrutura de análise para os dados desta pesquisa qualitativa, que resultou na proposição de um modelo fundamentado na premissa de que os comportamentos informacionais dos pesquisadores incluem estratégias que visam tanto assegurar o cumprimento de seu ofício de produção de conhecimentos, como também ampliar as chances de aceitação social de seu trabalho. Considerando a ênfase dessa concepção, as categorias de análise propostas foram reunidas em modelo que foi denominada Modelo 2C2S, identificando que os comportamentos informacionais podem se constituir como estratégias de Conhecimento, Conservação (2C), Sucessão ou Subversão (2S) no âmbito da estrutura de poder de uma área de pesquisa. Os conceitos que dão suporte a essa premissa tem origem na noção de campo científico de Bourdieu, cujo esquema sobre as relações entre “condições de existência”, “habitus”, “práticas e trabalhos” e “percepção e apreciação” foi adaptado para formar um esquema sobre as relações entre “condições de atuação científica”, “comportamentos informacionais”, “publicações científicas” e “reconhecimento científico”. Todos os elementos que constituem o Modelo 2C2S são exemplificados com trechos de entrevistas com os membros da ABC, ilustrando a adequação das categorias propostas para representar os relatos sobre os eventos empíricos estudados. Em “Quase letras”, são apresentados os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para a coleta de dados das entrevistas e as ferramentas analíticas que estão sendo aplicadas aos depoimentos, partindo da estrutura de análise obtida com o Modelo 2C2S. A análise completa dos dados empíricos desta pesquisa está ainda em fase de elaboração. / With the adoption of different research strategies identified in the text as "Numbers", "Concepts" and "Quasi letters", this thesis aim to understand the relations between conditions of scientific performance, researchers informational behaviors, characteristics of scientific publications and determinants of international scientific recognition in the Brazilian context. In "Numbers", data from bibliometric research were presented to characterize the production and the impact of certain research areas in Brazil, considering the origin (national or foreign) of the journals in which the results were published, as well as international collaboration. The sample consisted of papers published by Brazilian researchers in 19 areas of knowledge published from 2002 to 2011, totaling 85,082 articles. For impact’s calculation, a standardized indicator called Relative Subfield Citedness (Rw) was used, adopting a window of 5 years to obtain measures evaluated in two distinct years: 2007 and 2012. Data of articles and citations were collected on the Web of Science database. From results obtained, it is remarkable that for most of the sub-areas presented, from 2002/2006 to 2007/2011, a performance improvement in the world rankings of production was observed. In relation to publications in national and foreign journals, a tendency to maintain the production distribution of subareas according to the origin of the periodical was noticed. In the context of impact, a lower Rw pattern was identified for Brazilian articles published in national journals in all subareas, compared with those published in foreign journals; in some subareas, even those published in foreign journals exceed the average global impact. Adopting another research strategy, a qualitative study was conducted based on interviews with members of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (ABC), about their perceptions regarding the conditions of scientific activity in Brazil, as well as their own behaviors relative to the construction, communication and use of scientific information. In "Concepts", the search for a structure of analysis for the data of this qualitative research is reported, which resulted in the proposition of a model based on the premise that the informational behaviors of the researchers include strategies that aim both to ensure the fulfillment of their production of knowledge, as well as to increase the chances of social acceptance of their work. Considering the emphasis of this conception, the categories of analysis proposed were grouped in a model that was called Model 2C2S, identifying that informational behaviors can be constituted as Knowledge, Conservation (2C), Succession or Subversion (2S) strategies within the framework of Power of a research area. The concepts that support this premise are originated in Bourdieu's notion of the scientific field, whose scheme on the relations between "conditions of existence," "habitus," "practices and works," and "perception and appreciation" has been adapted to form a Schema on the relations between "conditions of scientific action", "information behaviors", "scientific publications" and "scientific recognition". All the elements that constitute the Model 2C2S are exemplified by excerpts from interviews with ABC members, illustrating the appropriateness of the categories, proposed to represent the reports on the empirical events studied. In "Quasi letters ", we present the methodological procedures used to collect interview data and the analytical tools that are being applied to the testimonies, starting from the structure of analysis obtained with the Model 2C2S. The complete analysis of the empirical data of this research is still being elaborated.

Com a adoção de diferentes estratégias de pesquisa identificadas no texto como “Números”, “Conceitos” e “Quase letras”, a tese busca compreender as relações entre as condições de atuação científica, os comportamentos informacionais dos pesquisadores, as características das publicações científicas e os condicionantes do reconhecimento científico internacional no contexto brasileiro. Em “Números”, são apresentados os resultados da pesquisa bibliométrica realizada para caracterizar a produção e o impacto de certas áreas de pesquisa no Brasil, considerando a origem (nacional ou estrangeira) dos periódicos utilizados para a publicação de resultados, assim como a colaboração internacional. A amostra foi constituída por artigos com autoria de pesquisadores brasileiros em 19 subáreas do conhecimento publicados no período de 2002 a 2011, totalizando 85.082 artigos. Para o cálculo do impacto, foi utilizado um indicador normalizado denominado Relative Subfield Citedness (Rw), adotando uma janela de 5 anos para obtenção de medidas avaliadas em 2 anos distintos: 2007 e 2012. Os dados de artigos e citações foram coletados na base de dados Web of Science. Dos resultados obtidos, destaca-se que grande parte das subáreas apresentou, de 2002/2006 para 2007/2011, uma melhoria de desempenho nos rankings mundiais de produção. Em relação à publicação em periódicos nacionais e estrangeiros, foi observada uma tendência de manutenção da distribuição da produção das subáreas de acordo com a origem do periódico. Especificamente sobre o impacto, identificou-se um padrão de Rw inferior dos artigos brasileiros publicados em periódicos nacionais em todas as subáreas, comparados com os publicados em periódicos estrangeiros; em algumas subáreas, inclusive, os publicados em periódicos estrangeiros superam a média de impacto mundial. Adotando outra estratégia de pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo baseado em entrevistas com membros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC) sobre suas percepções a respeito das condições de atuação científica no Brasil, bem como de seus próprios comportamentos em relação à construção, comunicação e uso da informação científica. Em “Conceitos” é relatada a busca por uma estrutura de análise para os dados desta pesquisa qualitativa, que resultou na proposição de um modelo fundamentado na premissa de que os comportamentos informacionais dos pesquisadores incluem estratégias que visam tanto assegurar o cumprimento de seu ofício de produção de conhecimentos, como também ampliar as chances de aceitação social de seu trabalho. Considerando a ênfase dessa concepção, as categorias de análise propostas foram reunidas em modelo que foi denominada Modelo 2C2S, identificando que os comportamentos informacionais podem se constituir como estratégias de Conhecimento, Conservação (2C), Sucessão ou Subversão (2S) no âmbito da estrutura de poder de uma área de pesquisa. Os conceitos que dão suporte a essa premissa tem origem na noção de campo científico de Bourdieu, cujo esquema sobre as relações entre “condições de existência”, “habitus”, “práticas e trabalhos” e “percepção e apreciação” foi adaptado para formar um esquema sobre as relações entre “condições de atuação científica”, “comportamentos informacionais”, “publicações científicas” e “reconhecimento científico”. Todos os elementos que constituem o Modelo 2C2S são exemplificados com trechos de entrevistas com os membros da ABC, ilustrando a adequação das categorias propostas para representar os relatos sobre os eventos empíricos estudados. Em “Quase letras”, são apresentados os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para a coleta de dados das entrevistas e as ferramentas analíticas que estão sendo aplicadas aos depoimentos, partindo da estrutura de análise obtida com o Modelo 2C2S. A análise completa dos dados empíricos desta pesquisa está ainda em fase de elaboração. / With the adoption of different research strategies identified in the text as "Numbers", "Concepts" and "Quasi letters", this thesis aim to understand the relations between conditions of scientific performance, researchers informational behaviors, characteristics of scientific publications and determinants of international scientific recognition in the Brazilian context. In "Numbers", data from bibliometric research were presented to characterize the production and the impact of certain research areas in Brazil, considering the origin (national or foreign) of the journals in which the results were published, as well as international collaboration. The sample consisted of papers published by Brazilian researchers in 19 areas of knowledge published from 2002 to 2011, totaling 85,082 articles. For impact’s calculation, a standardized indicator called Relative Subfield Citedness (Rw) was used, adopting a window of 5 years to obtain measures evaluated in two distinct years: 2007 and 2012. Data of articles and citations were collected on the Web of Science database. From results obtained, it is remarkable that for most of the sub-areas presented, from 2002/2006 to 2007/2011, a performance improvement in the world rankings of production was observed. In relation to publications in national and foreign journals, a tendency to maintain the production distribution of subareas according to the origin of the periodical was noticed. In the context of impact, a lower Rw pattern was identified for Brazilian articles published in national journals in all subareas, compared with those published in foreign journals; in some subareas, even those published in foreign journals exceed the average global impact. Adopting another research strategy, a qualitative study was conducted based on interviews with members of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (ABC), about their perceptions regarding the conditions of scientific activity in Brazil, as well as their own behaviors relative to the construction, communication and use of scientific information. In "Concepts", the search for a structure of analysis for the data of this qualitative research is reported, which resulted in the proposition of a model based on the premise that the informational behaviors of the researchers include strategies that aim both to ensure the fulfillment of their production of knowledge, as well as to increase the chances of social acceptance of their work. Considering the emphasis of this conception, the categories of analysis proposed were grouped in a model that was called Model 2C2S, identifying that informational behaviors can be constituted as Knowledge, Conservation (2C), Succession or Subversion (2S) strategies within the framework of Power of a research area. The concepts that support this premise are originated in Bourdieu's notion of the scientific field, whose scheme on the relations between "conditions of existence," "habitus," "practices and works," and "perception and appreciation" has been adapted to form a Schema on the relations between "conditions of scientific action", "information behaviors", "scientific publications" and "scientific recognition". All the elements that constitute the Model 2C2S are exemplified by excerpts from interviews with ABC members, illustrating the appropriateness of the categories, proposed to represent the reports on the empirical events studied. In "Quasi letters ", we present the methodological procedures used to collect interview data and the analytical tools that are being applied to the testimonies, starting from the structure of analysis obtained with the Model 2C2S. The complete analysis of the empirical data of this research is still being elaborated.

The internationalization of distance learning in special education is at a pivotal point in expansion. Even with concerted efforts through traditional means to increase the supply of special educators, shortages persist; therefore, teacher preparation programs are turning to online education. This dissertation study was a formative program evaluation of a bilingual, two-course sequence within a web-based special education master's program offered at the University of North Texas (UNT), in Denton, Texas, and at the Universidad Casa Grande (UCG) in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The research design was based on the unfolding model of program evaluation, and it included mixed-methods of data collection. The model focused attention on (1) scientific evidence, (2) cost-benefit differential, (3) underlying values, and, (4) unintended consequences. Data came from archived documents as well as six semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and survey data from 23 student participants. The findings for the general-orientation course, Special Education Programs and Practices, revealed mixed results concerning multicultural awareness on the part of student participants. However, it seemed to have influenced their lesson design and made a difference in other areas. Some multicultural awareness concepts frequented the discussion board. The specialized course, Assistive Technology, which had more frequent communication between UNT and UCG on the discussion board, suggested larger increases in students' multicultural awareness. With respect to both courses, the stakeholders recommended that the structure be strengthened for non-bilingual instructors and students to be able to communicate more freely. Translation issues were a top priority in both courses. The study has implications for other international distance education programs.