In a time when interdependence in business becomes more prevalent and necessary to maintain and sustain competitive advantage, understanding the mechanisms by which businesses relate and collaboratively adapt become central to collaborative growth and mutual success. Learning becomes central to the adaptive process. Interorganizational learning is an often challenging result of collaborative efforts. The more different the organizations are from one another, the more challenging the adaptive process and interorganizational learning. This writing addresses some of the complexities involved in collaborative learning of organizations with divergent goals through the lens of exploration exploitation phenomena. It further addresses how interorganizational learning happens between organizations that are private and public in nature. This writing is a case study that answers the question of how organizations working in collaboratives learn from each other to attain mutually beneficial results by examining two such entities in a government and private partnership. This study extends concepts of interorganizational learning as well as provides guidelines for business entities seeking to attain or sustain learning organizations. It also provides a framework from which government entities may work synergistically with private enterprise to provide competitive service to their respective demographic.

Abstract Skolor och utbildningsprogram behöver ständigt utvecklas. Ett steg många skolor tar är att organisera lärarna i arbetslag. Det samhälls- och yrkesliv eleverna utbildas för ställer allt högre krav på styrkor i att definiera och lösa problem i ett förändringsarbete, ofta i grupp. Regeringen betonar att entreprenörskap och entreprenöriella kompetenser är viktiga förmågor för framtidens samhällsmedborgare. Traditionellt har lärare utvecklat sin kompetens och undervisning självständigt. Att delta i arbetslag ställer nya krav på ett fungerande utvecklingsarbete. Hur lär och utvecklas lärarna och hela arbetslaget? Denna studie kretsar kring delar från ett arbetslags utveckling av ett entreprenöriellt undervisningssätt. Undersökningen följer forskarens studiebesök på tre skolor och hur besöken implementeras i forskarens arbetslag. Resultaten diskuteras i förhållande till några begrepp inom organisatoriskt lärande.        Nyckelord: Interorganisatoriskt lärande, organisatoriskt lärande, entreprenörskap, entreprenöriellt lärande. / Abstract Schools and educational needs constantly evolving. One step many schools are taking is to organize teachers in teams. The social and professional life students are trained for is making increasing demands on the forces in defining and solving problems in a process of change, often in groups. The government stresses that entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills are important skills for future citizens. Traditionally, teachers have developed their skills and teaching independently. Participating in team places new demands on a functioning development. How does teacher and their team learn and development? This study revolves around the elements of a work team's development of an entrepreneurial teaching manner. The investigation follows the researcher's visits to three schools and how the visits applied in the researcher team. The results are discussed in relation to some concepts in organizational learning. Key Words Interorganizational learning, organizational learning, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial learning.

In 2015, Swedish Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) served as the backbone of society, assisting 162.877 immigrant refugees escaping conflict zones throughout the world. As the thrive to include newcomer refugees in the Swedish society continues, non-profits are facing numerous of challenges such as operating in highly competitive environments marked by shrinking grant budgets and increased pressure to provide long-term impact. To achieve optimal NPO organizational sustainability, the non-profit sector must therefore interact and learn how to address the aforementioned difficulties collectively. Furthermore, existing studies emphasizes the scarcity of research on learning through non-profit collaboration, as the knowledge management and organizational learning field has mostly concentrated on the for-profit sector rather than the non-profit sector. To fill this research gap, this study uses a qualitative approach to investigate NPO perceptions of interorganizational learning through collaboration, conducting ten semi-structured interviews with NPO employees working with newcomer refugees in Sweden. The results indicated that the NPOs’ learning outcomes connected to the need for collective sensemaking of the Swedish government’s new migration policies, which had a significant influence on the target groups prospects of remaining in Sweden. Moreover, the NPOs learned from unsuccessful collaborations, resulting in changes to the organizations’ routines and processes aimed at improving future collaborations. As a consequence, learning outcomes were incorporated into their organizational memory through digital Knowledge Management Systems such as Google Drive and Rise-Up. They were, however, heavily reliant on people’s willingness to share tacit and explicit knowledge, as well as an organizational culture that encouraged them to knowledge share. As a result, most non-profits either did not upgrade these systems at all or did not have the technological infrastructure to do so in the first place.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-03-13T13:27:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AneliseRebelatoMozzato.pdf: 3642886 bytes, checksum: de853b46f9a8db16297e199e2d941b1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T13:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AneliseRebelatoMozzato.pdf: 3642886 bytes, checksum: de853b46f9a8db16297e199e2d941b1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-16 / Nenhuma / As relações de cooperação interorganizacionais ganham espaço na economia mundial e fazem surgir novas e diferentes configurações organizacionais, dentre as quais se destacam os arranjos produtivos locais (APLs). Em tais configurações, as relações estabelecidas entre os diferentes agentes resultam em interação e aprendizagem, exigindo melhor compreensão do processo da aprendizagem interorganizacional (AIO), que se torna tema relevante de investigação, sobretudo, por se tratar de um fenômeno complexo e emergente (ESTIVALETE; PEDROZO; CRUZ, 2008) e ainda em formação (INKPEN; TSANG, 2007), sobretudo, em APLs (REIS, 2008). Os estudos sobre AIO ainda são assinalados como limitados, incitando a necessidade da ampliação do escopo de análise. Portanto, a presente tese aborda justamente este processo da AIO em contexto APL, entendendo-a como parte de um continuum da aprendizagem organizacional. Diante do exposto, questiona-se: Com base nos relacionamentos horizontais estabelecidos entre os diferentes agentes num APL, como se constitui a AIO? Ante a questão de pesquisa, esta tese tem como objetivo principal compreender o processo da AIO que ocorre por meio dos relacionamentos horizontais estabelecidos entre os diferentes agentes num APL, a partir de um framework teórico. Visando atingir o objetivo delineado, foi realizado um estudo de caso no APL de gemas e pedras preciosas de Soledade ? RS, envolvendo três etapas na sua execução, nas quais os dados foram coletados por meio de técnicas diversificadas, abrangendo oitenta e um participantes: entrevistas semiestruturadas, entrevistas não estruturadas, observação não participante e grupo focal, além de dados secundários. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo e todo o processo teve como apoio o programa de análise em pesquisas qualitativa, o NVivo 9. Com os resultados da presente pesquisa entende-se estar contribuindo para o avanço do conhecimento existente a respeito da AO na área dos estudos organizacionais, uma vez que contempla o nível de análise menos explorado, o interorganizacional, bem como, para o avanço do entendimento de relações interorganizacionais em APLs. Ainda, acredita-se que a pesquisa se reveste de relevância na medida em que contribui para o estudo em profundidade dos aspectos relacionados a AIO, com a apresentação de um framework para a melhor compreensão do processo da AIO em contexto de APLs. Tal esquema conceitual analítico considera as atividades cotidianas nos diferentes espaços sociais de aprendizagem (estruturados e não estruturados) que proporcionam o estabelecimento de relacionamentos entre diferentes agentes, propiciando a ocorrência de episódios de aprendizagem, os quais são analisados por meio do constructo da AIO, formado por seus elementos constitutivos: confiança, cooperação, proximidade social, interações sociais, interdependência e suscetibilidade para o aprendizado. Por meio da análise empírica observaram-se indícios de que o processo da AIO ocorre no APL Soledade, mesmo que se admita que ainda possam haver mais episódios de aprendizagem em diferentes espaços sociais. Chega-se à conclusão de que há a ocorrência e a intensa inter-relação entre os diferentes elementos constitutivos da AIO no APL Soledade, por mais que se identifiquem incidências diferenciadas entre eles, mesmo assim, culminando no processo da AIO. / The interorganizational cooperative relationships make progress on the global economy and build new and different organizational configurations, in a way that the Local Productive Arrangement (LPAs) detach. In those interorganizational configurations, the intercourse established among the different agents results in interaction and learning, demanding a better comprehension of the Interorganizational Learning (IOL) process, which becomes a relevant theme for investigation, specially, if given the fact that it is a complex and emergent phenomenon (ESTIVALETE; PEDROZO; CRUZ, 2008) and still being constituted (INKPEN; TSANG, 2007), above all, in LPAs (REIS, 2008). The studies about the IOL are still marked as limited, urging the necessity of the scope of analysis? extension. Therefore, this dissertation bring up the process of IOL in a LPA context, comprehending it as part of a continuum of the interorganizational learning. Accordingly to what is stated, wrangles: Based on the horizontal relationships established among the different agents in an LPA, how is the IOL build? Facing the question of the research, this dissertation aims, particularly, to analyse the process of the IOL throughout the comprehension of the horizontal relationships established among the different agents in an LPA, throughout a theoretical framework. Aiming to achieve the outlined objective, it has been done a case in an LPA of gemstones and precious stones in Soledade ? RS ? Brazil, envolving three stages in its execution , in which the database was collected using several techniques: semistructured interviews, non structured interviews, participat observation and focal group, besides secondary information. The whole database was analysed through a content analysis and all the process had the support of the software for qualitative research analysis, the Nvivo 9. With the results of this research it is perceived as a contribution to the advance of the existing knowledge of the Organizational Learning (OL) in the organizational studies area, since it includes the level of analysis less explored, the interorganizational, as well as to the advance in the comprehension of the interorganizational relationships in LPAs. Still, it is believed that the research takes even more relevance as it contributes to a profound study of the aspects related to the IOL, with the presentation of a framework for a better comprehension of the IOL process in context of LPAs. Such conceptual analytical scheme, considers the daily activities in different lands of social learning (structured and non structured), that promotes the establishment of relationships among the different agents, providing the occurence of learning episodes, which are analysed throught the IOL construct, consisting of its constitutive elements: confidence, cooperation, social closeness, social interactions, interdependence and susceptibility to the process of learning. Through the empirical analysis it was observed evidences that the process of IOL occurs in Soledade LPA, even though it is admitted that it may occur even more episodes of learning in different social lands. It is achieved the conclusion of the occurence and the intense interrelationship among the different constitutive elements of IOL in Soledade LPA, even though different implications may be found among them, but all culminating in the IOL process.

The business networks have emerged as a new organizational setting in order to increase the competitiveness of companies and as alternative to achieve their goals. Some studies show that cooperation between the companies involved in network, generate benefits through the exchange of information and knowledge. The analysis of learning strategies used by organizations can result in a better way of understanding in which learning takes place the cooperation networks. This study investigates which the conditions for waste pickers cooperatives learn how participants Catabahia network, and identify the main reasons for that cooperatives integrate the network, verify the interorganizational learning strategies adopted by cooperatives, types of knowledge learned and the benefits from the network learning process. The research strategy adopted was the single case study, with data collection in 9 cooperatives, considered as small units of analysis: members of Catabahia Network. To collect data, it was used a semi-structured interview guide, applied with representatives and technicians of cooperatives. In addition to, we used the techniques of documentary analysis and direct observation. From the analysis of the data was verified that cooperatives join the network as a way to formalize and get benefits. As for learning strategies, it was found that cooperatives adopt a collaborative behavior, commitment strategies, collaboration and accommodation. Regarding the types of knowledge, it is observed that cooperatives have a tacit knowledge of previous experience, and get explicit knowledge through training and training received by the technicians. The results indicate that the main benefits generated by learning were: the development of managerial skills and representation, capacity to participate in tenders and projects and identify more clearly the needs of cooperatives. / As redes de empresas surgiram como uma nova configuração organizacional com a finalidade de ampliar a capacidade competitiva das empresas integrantes e como alternativa para alcançar seus objetivos. Estudos mostram que a cooperação entre as empresas que participam em rede geram benefícios por meio da troca de informações e de conhecimentos. A análise das estratégias de aprendizagem utilizadas pelas organizações pode resultar na melhor compreensão das formas como acontece a aprendizagem dentro das redes de cooperação. Este estudo buscou analisar quais as condições para que as cooperativas de catadores de material reciclável aprendam como participantes da Rede Catabahia, assim como identificar as principais motivações para que as cooperativas se integrem à rede, verificar as estratégias de aprendizagem interorganizacional adotadas pelas cooperativas, os tipos de conhecimentos aprendidos e os benefícios advindos do processo de aprendizagem em rede. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi o estudo de caso único, com coleta de dados em 9 cooperativas, consideradas como sub unidades de análise, integrantes da Rede Catabahia. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, aplicado junto aos representantes e técnicos das cooperativas. De forma adicional foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise documental e de observação direta. A partir da análise dos dados foi possível verificar que as cooperativas ingressam na rede como uma maneira para se formalizarem e obter benefícios. Quanto às estratégias de aprendizagem, verificou-se que as cooperativas adotam um comportamento colaborativo, estratégias de compromisso, colaboração e acomodação. Com relação aos tipos de conhecimento, observa-se que as cooperativas possuem um conhecimento tácito das experiências anteriores, e obtém conhecimento explícito por meio do treinamento e capacitação recebida por parte dos técnicos. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que os principais benefícios gerados com a aprendizagem foram: o desenvolvimento de habilidades gerencias e de representação, capacidade de participação em editais e projetos e identificar com maior clareza as necessidades das cooperativas. / São Cristóvão, SE

Introduktion Digitaliseringen har lett till att flera nya aktörer trätt in på finansmarknaden och kundbehov har ändrats. Bankerna har därför behövt genomgå förändringar för att klara sig på marknaden. Detta har de gjort genom att bland annat ha ingått samarbeten med fintechbolag. Aktörerna skiljer sig markant från varandra vilket gör att de har mycket att lära från varandra. Denna studie handlar om det ömsesidiga lärandet i ett samarbete mellan fintechbolag och banker i Sverige. I studier framgår att 7 av 10 banker ser fintechbolag som det största hotet i branschen medan 8 av 10 banker ser fintechbolag som samarbetspartners vilket visar på att en relation som bildas mellan dessa aktörer kallas för coopetition. Cooperation och competition. Syfte Denna studie ämnar bidra med förståelse för det interorganisatoriska lärandet i en coopetitionrelation mellan banker och fintechbolag genom att kartlägga hur aktörers absorberande inlärningskapacitet leder till lärande. Frågeställningarna i studien är: Vilka yttre villkor påverkar den absorberade inlärningskapaciteten hos fintechbolag respektive banker? Hur påverkar nivån på coopetition samt graden av beroende mellan banker och fintechbolag sambandet mellan absorberande inlärningskapacitet och det interorganisatoriska lärandet? Hur ser det interorganisatoriska lärandet ut mellan banker och fintechbolag vid coopetition? Vad lär sig de olika aktörerna från dessa typer av samarbeten? Metod Denna studie är en komparativ flerfallstudie genomförd med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod. Vidare har studien ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv med en abduktiv ansats. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in via åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre respondenter från storbanker och fem respondenter från fintechbolag i Sverige. Slutsats I studien har det framkommit att fintechbolagens yttre villkor är att de är unga och små bolag med begränsade tidigare erfarenheter och att bankernas yttre villkor är att de är stora och gamla företag med tidigare erfarenheter av samarbeten med fintechbolag. I studien framkommer det även att både banker och fintechbolag ser relationen som de har med respektive part som samarbetsdominerad. Från empirin har vi kunnat urskilja att det finns ett visst asymmetriskt beroende mellan banker och fintechbolag i deras samarbeten då bankerna har mer att säga till om. Ytterligare en slutsats är att lärandet mellan banker och fintechbolag går till så att de delar och skapar kunskap tillsammans genom kontinuerliga möten och workshops med målet att gemensamt uppnå innovation. Informell informationsdelning är även det något som sker konstant mellan företagen som leder till lärande åt båda håll. I nuvarande samarbeten lär sig fintechbolag hur det faktiskt är att verka som stora bolag genom lärdomar kring rutiner, avtalsprocesser och hantering av kundrelationer. I studien framkommer att bankerna lär sig från fintechbolagen hur de som organisation ska arbeta för att bli mer agila och digitala i sin verksamhet. / Introduction Due to digitization several new players have entered the financial market and customer needs have changed. Banks have therefore had to undergo a change in order to succeed in the market. They have done this by, among other things, entering into partnerships with fintech companies. These players differ markedly from each other which means that they have much to learn from one another. This study aims to help understand interorganizational learning in collaborations between fintech companies and banks in Sweden. Studies show that 7 out of 10 banks see fintech companies as the biggest threat in the industry, while 8 out of 10 banks see fintech companies as partners, indicating that a relationship between these players is called coopetition. Cooperation and competition. Purpose This study aims to help understand interorganizational learning in a coopetition relationship between banks and fintech companies by mapping out how actors' absorptive learning capacity leads to interorganizational learning. Research questions: What peripheral conditions affect the absorptive learning capacity of fintech companies and banks? How does the level of coopetition and the degree of dependence between banks and fintech companies affect the relationship between absorbing learning capacity and interorganizational learning? What does interorganizational learning look like between banks and fintech companies in coopetition? What do the different actors learn from these types of collaborations? Method This study is a comparative multi-case study conducted using a qualitative method. Further the study has a phenomenological perspective with an abductive approach. The empirical material was collected through eight semi-structured interviews with three respondents from major banks and five respondents from fintech companies in Sweden. Conclusion The study found that the peripheral conditions of the fintech companies are that they are young and small companies with limited past experience and the banks' peripheral conditions are that they are large and old companies with previous experience of working with fintech companies. The study also reveals that both banks and fintech companies consider the relationship they have with each other as cooperation-dominant. There is a certain asymmetric dependence between banks and fintech companies in their collaborations as the banks have more impact. Another conclusion is that banks and fintech companies share and create knowledge together through continuous meetings and workshops with the aim of jointly achieving innovation. Informal information sharing is also something that constantly occurs between the companies that leads to learning in both directions. In current collaborations, fintech companies are learning what it is like to operate as a large company through learnings about routines, contract processes and customer relationship management. The study shows that the banks learn how they as an organization should work to become more agile and digital in their operations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Decio Passos Estrella.pdf: 1706565 bytes, checksum: 14d8b8be7547ecd2dc176f96fce739ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-17 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research has the purpose to make an exploratory and explicative study of the interorganizational collaboration in the Brazilian biotechnology industry from 2004 to 2008. The population chosen was a set of Brazilian dedicated biotechnology firms, in the human health segment. In order to map this population, it was used information from: Biominas Foundation, Biorio Foundation, ABRABI ssociação Brasileira de Empresas de Biotecnologia, FAPs - Foundations for Research Promotion from Brazilian respective States, universities, incubators and Regional clusters. The methodology for field data collection was survey and interviews with the executives of the first level hierarchy of researched firms, complemented by secondary data from sources such as internet newsletter from specialized magazines, biotechnology industry web sites, academic papers, seminars, symposiums, professional services consulting firms reports, newspaper and magazines publications. The procedure for data analysis was quantitative and it was made in two steps. In the first step, it was developed graphical analysis of the interorganizational network of collaboration and it was calculated the parameters that characterize the network. In the second step, it was made the statistical data analysis by using panel regression model. The results point that: 1) the cumulative experience to establish and manage partnerships of collaboration over time creates a virtuous cycle, a positive feedback of interorganizational learning; 2) the firms with more partnerships of collaboration positioned themselves more centrally connected in the network of relationships; and 3) the firms positioned more centralized in the network of interorganizational relationships present a greater economic growth. / Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de fazer um estudo exploratório e explicativo da evolução da colaboração interorganizacional na indústria de biotecnologia no Brasil entre os anos de 2004 e 2008. A população escolhida foi o conjunto de firmas dedicadas de biotecnologia brasileiras, segmento de saúde humana. Para o mapeamento da população foram utilizadas informações da Fundação Biominas, da Fundação Biorio, da ABRABI Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Biotecnologia, das Fundações de Amparo a Pesquisa dos respectivos Estados brasileiros, universidades, incubadoras e APLs arranjos produtivos locais. O procedimento metodológico de coleta dos dados foi o questionário e entrevistas com o primeiro nível hierárquico das empresas pesquisadas, complementadas por dados secundários de fontes como boletins eletrônicos de revistas especializadas, sítios internet relacionados ao setor, artigos acadêmicos, seminários, simpósios, relatórios de firmas consultorias especializadas, publicações em jornais e revistas. O procedimento para análise de dados foi do tipo quantitativo e foi dividido em duas fases. Na primeira fase, foi desenvolvida análise gráfica da evolução da rede de colaboração interorganizacional e foram calculados os parâmetros caracterizadores da rede utilizando-se o software livre Pajek. Na segunda fase foi realizado tratamento estatístico dos dados por meio da técnica de regressão em painel. Os resultados apontam que: 1) a experiência cumulativa em fazer e gerenciar parcerias de colaboração ao longo do tempo cria um círculo virtuoso, uma retroalimentação positiva de aprendizagem interorganizacional; 2) as empresas com mais parcerias de colaboração se posicionam mais centralmente na rede de relacionamentos; e 3) as empresas mais centralizadas na rede de colaboração interorganizacional apresentam um maior crescimento econômico.