Les réseaux opportunistes (DTN) permettent d'utiliser de nouveaux vecteurs de transmissions. Avant de pouvoir profiter de toutes les capacités des DTN, nous devons nous pencher sur la compréhension de ce nouveau paradigme. De nombreuses propriétés des réseaux DTN sont maintenant reconnues, cependant les relations entre un noeud du réseau et son voisinage proche ne semblent pas encore avoir été passée au crible. Souvent, la présence de noeuds voisins proches mais pas directement lié par le contact est ignorée. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons à quel point considérer les noeuds à proximité nous aide à améliorer les performances DTNs.En identifiant le paradoxe binaire dans les DTN, nous montrons que les caractérisations actuelles ne sont pas suffisantes pour bénéficier de toutes les possibilités de transmission dans les DTN. Nous proposons une définition formelle du voisinage pour les DTNs avec le ``k-vicinity''. Nous étudions les caractérisations temporelles du k-vicinity avec différentes données. Ensuite, nous nous concentrons sur l'étude de l'organisation interne du k-vicinity. Nous avons crée le Vicinity Motion qui permet d'obtenir un modèle markovien à partir de n'importe quelle trace de contact. Nous en extrayions trois mouvements principaux: la naissance, la mort et les mouvements séquentiels. Grâce aux valeurs du Vicinity Motion, nous avons pu créer un générateur synthétique de mouvements de proximité nommé TiGeR. Enfin, nous posons la question de la prévisibilité des distances entre deux noeuds du k-vicinity. En utilisant le savoir emmagasiné dans le Vicinity Motion, nous mettons au point une heuristique permettant de prédire les futures distances entre deux noeuds. / The networking paradigm uses new information vectors consisting of human carried devices is known as disruption-tolerant networks (DTN) or opportunistic networks. We identify the binary assertion issue in DTN. We notice how most DTNs mainly analyze nodes that are in contact. So all nodes that are not in contact are in intercontact. Nevertheless, when two nodes are not in contact, this does not mean that they are topologically far away from one another. We propose a formal definition of vicinities in DTNs and study the new resulting contact/intercontact temporal characterization. Then, we examine the internal organization of vicinities using the Vicinity Motion framework. We highlight movement types such as birth, death, and sequential moves. We analyze a number of their characteristics and extract vicinity usage directions for mobile networks. Based on the vicinity motion outputs and extracted directions, we build the TiGeR that simulates how pairs of nodes interact within their vicinities. Finally, we inquire about the possibilities of vicinity movement prediction in opportunistic networks. We expose a Vicinity Motion-based heuristic for pairwise shortest distance forecasting. We use two Vicinity Motion variants called AVM and SVM to collect vicinity information. We find that both heuristics perform quite well with performances up to 99% for SVM and around 40% for AVM.

Even though numerous studies on language and gender have been carried out, the number of studiesconducted in researching language and gender in cartoons is limited. The present study analyzestalkativeness and the use of questions and interruptions in two popular cartoons, the Winx Club andthe LEGO Ninjago: Master of spinjitzu in order to investigate possible differences in language usebetween female and male characters. The present study concludes that there are more similaritiesthan differences in language use of male and female characters. / Även om ett stort antal studier av språk och kön har genomförts, är antalet studier av språk och genusi tecknade serier begränsat. Den föreliggande studien analyserar pratsamhet och användandet avfrågor och avbrytningar i två populära serier: Winx Club och LEGO Ninjago: Master av spinjitzu föratt utforska eventuella skillnader i språkbruk mellan kvinnliga och manliga karaktärer. Denna studiedrar slutsatsen att likheterna i språkbruk hos manliga och kvinnliga karaktärer är större änskillnaderna.

The present study aims to examine the linguistic features of hedges, minimal responses and interruptions used by the female and male participants in the possible extramural activity of the reality-TV show Love is Blind. The term Extramural English (EE) refers to English that students are exposed to outside the classroom. According to previous research, Swedish teenagers watch a considerable amount of TV, which is a potential EE activity. By possible exposure to EE activities, such as watching TV, learners might gain pragmatic competence that might result in them improving their communicative abilities in the English language. Furthermore, the Swedish school openly strives for gender equality and, therefore, this study investigates the gender characteristics of linguistic features that are categorized as often employed by either females or males. The methodology of the study includes transcribing, counting the linguistic features, color coding and analyzing the findings in relation to previous research. Regarding speech distribution, results show that the male participants speak 5.1 percentage units more than female participants. Furthermore, female participants use hedges 33.4 percentage units more often than the male participants and minimal responses 24 percentage units more often. Additionally, the male participants interrupt 25 percentage units more often than the female participants.

No description available.

<p>U okviru disertacije predstavljene su metode realizacije kontekstualnih platformi i kontekstualnih korisničkih sprega za uređaje potrošačke elektronike. Predloženi su algoritmi semantizacije konteksta i procene zauzetosti korisnika, arhitektura rešenja i rezultati evaluacije.</p><p>&nbsp;</p> / <p>In this dissertation methods of implementation of context-aware platforms and context-aware user interfaces for applications in consumer electronics are presented. The work includes the proposition of algorithms for context semantization and user availability estimation, architecture of the solution as well as the results of evaluation experiments.</p>

E-post är det vanligaste kommunikationsverktyget för att skicka och ta emot information på arbetet. Trots dess fördelar att snabbt och enkelt kunna utbyta information visar forskning att mängden e-postmeddelanden har ökat till den grad att det bidrar till informationsöverbelastning. E-postkommunikation förväntas utsätta individer, och särskilt chefer, för allt högre nivåer av informationsöverbelastning. Forskning visar att problemet inte handlar om hur chefer ska undvika information, utan om hur chefer kan hantera e-postkommunikation. Detta leder fram till studiens frågeställning: Hur upplever chefer informationsöverbelastning vid e-postkommunikation och vilka copingstrategier använder de? För att få en ökad förståelse för hur chefer hanterar informationsöverbelastning vid e-postkommunikation har vi använt en kvalitativ forskningsansats. Med hjälp av en tematisk analys har vi kunnat identifiera, analysera och upptäcka återkommande mönster av chefers upplevelse. Vi valde därefter att skapa teman av hur upplevelser kan förstås för att kunna beskriva vilka upplevelser som copingstrategier baseras på. De teman som vi har identifierat under den tematiska analysen är: mängd, alltid ansluten, avbrott och organisationsstöd. Tillsammans skapar de fyra temana en förståelse för hur chefer kan uppleva informationsöverbelastning vid e-postkommunikation och vilka copingstrategier de använder. Studien indikerar att det finns kontraster i chefers upplevelser. En upplevelse som kan upplevas som överbelastande för en chef behöver inte vara det för en annan chef. Detta pekar på att det inte finns en enskild copingstrategi för att hantera informationsöverbelastning vid e-postkommunikation. / Email is the most common communication tool for sending and receiving information at work. Despite emails advantages of being able to exchange information quickly and easily, research shows that the volume of emails has increased to the extent that it contributes to information overload. Email communication is expected to expose individuals, and especially managers, for even higher levels of information overload. Research shows that the problem is not about how managers could avoid information, but about how managers can handle email communication. This leads to the question: How do managers experience information overload within email communication and what coping strategies do they use? In order to gain an increased understanding of how managers handle information overload within email communication, we have used a qualitative research approach. With the use of a thematic analysis, we have been able to identify, analyze and detect recurring patterns of managers’ experiences. We then chose to create themes of how experiences can be understood to describe what experiences coping strategies are based on. The themes that we identified under the thematic analysis are: amount, always connected, interruption and organizational support. Together, the four themes create an understanding of how managers can experience information overload within email communication and that coping strategies they use. The study indicates that there are contrasts in managers experiences. An experience that one manager can perceive as overloading does not have to be overloading for another manager. This demonstrates that there is no single coping strategy for managing information overload within email communication.

This thesis is a collection of six papers and a cover paper reporting an exploration of how to strike a balance between individual task execution and work articulation in Computer-supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). The interest in this theme is motivated by an increased reliance of IT-supported cooperative work arrangements in modern organizations, the fragmented layout of work for multitasking individuals and reports on various forms of overload, increased level of stress and anxiety experienced by workers active in these organizations. Modern organizations are increasingly reliant on IT-supported cooperative work arrangements for doing work. Cooperators are not only expected to execute assigned tasks, but also to engage in work articulation. This is a term used to describe the process of rich and frequent interaction needed for securing that the contributions of cooperators are executed in such a way that the overall goal is reached. As cooperators typically are involved in several work formations in parallel, they need to find a balance between individual work and work articulation in relation to several work formations. The challenge of finding a balance in cooperative work has only to a limited extent been addressed in CSCW and there are few successful designs available for this purpose. The scope of this thesis is to develop an understanding of the challenges faced and strategies deployed by cooperators and work formations for striking a balance in work. The purpose is therefore to explore how multitasking individuals manage to find a balance between task execution and articulation work in computer-supported cooperative work, what challenges they face in the process, and how IT should be designed to support them. To reach this purpose several instances of cooperative work in different contexts have been closely studied. The main conclusions of this thesis are that cooperators are constantly struggling for a balance in work through making frequent switches between work formations, individual task execution and work articulation, sometimes through making switches in the technology that is used. Strategies for finding this balance are developed in relation to the specific context of a cooperative activity as cooperators ‘design’ their use of IT, structures, procedures and norms. It is further concluded that for avoiding overloads of interaction, cooperators show and estimate availability through reliance on various sources of shared information, that social (e.g. interpersonal relation) and contextual factors (e.g. location) are considered when establishing interaction, that cooperators when searching for interaction with others are influenced by their estimated availability, competence and willingness to assist, but also by network maintenance efforts (i.e. an ambition to avoid overloading and underutilizing other cooperators). Finally, it is concluded that norms are important for finding a balance in work as they reduce the interaction needed for work articulation. The main contributions of this thesis are rich descriptions of four cooperative work formations, the challenges they face and the strategies they apply, redefined theoretical concepts (i.e. availability management, interruption, multitasking) and extended understanding of interaction search behavior and ways to achieve high levels of informal interaction across distance. This work also provides some practical contributions in the form of implications for designers of supportive IT and implications for cooperators active in modern organizations.

La tesis doctoral presenta un nuevo método de detección y análisis de eventos en la tensión de suministro de energía eléctrica que utiliza simultáneamente el análisis wavelet y un filtro de Kalman extendido actuando en paralelo sobre las muestras de la tensión. El análisis wavelet proporciona la mejor precisión en la determinación de las características temporales del evento y el filtro de Kalman extendido permite, por un lado confirmar la existencia del evento, descartando aquellas detecciones erróneas que puede producir el análisis wavelet debido a su muy alta sensibilidad, así como determinar con la mayor exactitud la magnitud y fase de la tensión durante el evento.El método desarrollado se ha implementado un tiempo real sobre un sistema DSP, de forma que se adquieren las muestras de la tensión y se analizan sus valores dentro del intervalo de muestreo, para poder detectar y analizar eventos en el menor tiempo posible y poder desarrollar estrategias de protección de los distintos equipos conectados a la red de distribución / The thesis presents a new method for detection and analysis of voltage events in power systems using wavelet analysis and an extended Kalman filter acting in parallel on the voltage samples. The wavelet analysis provides the best estimation of the time-related parameters of the voltage event and the extended Kalman filter enables, on the one hand the confirmation of the beginning and the end of the voltage event, avoiding the erroneous detections that can be produced due to the very high sensitivity of the wavelet analysis, and on the other hand, the estimation of the magnitude and phase angle of voltage supply during the event. The method proposed has been implemented in a DSP-based system, where the voltage samples are analyzed within the sampling period for real-time detection of voltage events.

The contact-making process of teachers with learners, who present with sensory processing disorder (SPD), has an impact on the learners’ functioning in the classroom. In this study the researcher explored how teachers made contact with these learners by using their senses to accommodate the learners’ unique contact-making style. The involved occupational therapists selected teachers, who taught learners who received occupational therapy for SPD in the age group 7-12 years. The selected teachers participated in unstructured interviews. The case study was used as research method and aimed at gaining deeper insight into and understanding of the teachers’ understanding of and contact-making process with learners with SPD. Erikson’s developmental theory was integrated with the Gestalt theoretical perspective, with focus on the relevant age group. The researcher became aware of contact-making interruptions that occurred during the contact- making process between the teachers and learners with SPD. These interruptions occurred because the teachers did not fully understand the contact-making processes and needs of the learners with SPD. The mentioned contact-making interruptions may occur in various forms. The contact-making interruptions were used by the learners to protect themselves and for organismic self-regulation. During the unstructured interviews the teachers became aware of the importance of the way that they made contact with learners who present with SPD, but they lacked training in the appropriate teaching techniques. The results indicated that teachers needed knowledge about SPD and skills to facilitate and accommodate learners with SPD and to approach them according to their uniqueness. Recommendations were formulated to enhance the teachers’ knowledge about SPD and support the teachers to try other strategies in the classroom to improve the contact-making process with learners who present with SPD. The recommendations made by the researcher were done in support of teachers in order to make sufficient contact with learners who present with SPD, and in doing so, to promote the holistic development of these learners. It is important that teachers are aware of the possible contact-making interruptions used by learners who present with SPD, in order to creatively adjust their own contact-making process and to retry to make and maintain good contact with involved learners by using different senses. This study is a first step in more effective service rendering to learners with SPD, by clarifying issues and shedding light on how teachers cope with this challenge. / Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The contact-making process of teachers with learners, who present with sensory processing disorder (SPD), has an impact on the learners’ functioning in the classroom. In this study the researcher explored how teachers made contact with these learners by using their senses to accommodate the learners’ unique contact-making style. The involved occupational therapists selected teachers, who taught learners who received occupational therapy for SPD in the age group 7-12 years. The selected teachers participated in unstructured interviews. The case study was used as research method and aimed at gaining deeper insight into and understanding of the teachers’ understanding of and contact-making process with learners with SPD. Erikson’s developmental theory was integrated with the Gestalt theoretical perspective, with focus on the relevant age group. The researcher became aware of contact-making interruptions that occurred during the contact- making process between the teachers and learners with SPD. These interruptions occurred because the teachers did not fully understand the contact-making processes and needs of the learners with SPD. The mentioned contact-making interruptions may occur in various forms. The contact-making interruptions were used by the learners to protect themselves and for organismic self-regulation. During the unstructured interviews the teachers became aware of the importance of the way that they made contact with learners who present with SPD, but they lacked training in the appropriate teaching techniques. The results indicated that teachers needed knowledge about SPD and skills to facilitate and accommodate learners with SPD and to approach them according to their uniqueness. Recommendations were formulated to enhance the teachers’ knowledge about SPD and support the teachers to try other strategies in the classroom to improve the contact-making process with learners who present with SPD. The recommendations made by the researcher were done in support of teachers in order to make sufficient contact with learners who present with SPD, and in doing so, to promote the holistic development of these learners. It is important that teachers are aware of the possible contact-making interruptions used by learners who present with SPD, in order to creatively adjust their own contact-making process and to retry to make and maintain good contact with involved learners by using different senses. This study is a first step in more effective service rendering to learners with SPD, by clarifying issues and shedding light on how teachers cope with this challenge. / Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.