Independent de la performance remarquable accomplie par la logistique d’aujourd’hui, les réseaux actuels sont majoritairement dédiés à un acteur et donc très peu interconnectés. Cette fragmentation conduit une difficulté de mutualisation des flux et dès lors à une efficacité limitée. Ces organisations dédiées et hétérogènes sont de plus en plus challengées par les nouveaux défis d’aujourd’hui posés à l’efficacité, l’efficience et la résilience. Pour répondre à cet antagonisme, un innovant concept logistique - l’Internet Physique (PI) - a été proposé. Dans ce système, les infrastructures et les moyens de transport peuvent être organisés de façon dynamique et attribués à court ou à long terme en fonction des besoins. Par conséquent, les décisions des opérations logistiques peuvent être prises de façon dynamique, agile, et donc de manière plus optimale. Cette thèse concentre les perspectives de PI concernant la gestion de stocks et du transport par rapport aux défis de l’efficacité et de la résilience.Comme l’étude de l’efficacité de PI par rapport au transport a été déjà effectuée, le premier objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer les potentiels de l’interconnexion des réseaux dans la gestion de stocks, qui n’a par encore été adressé. À cette fin, nous examinons d'abord les trois nouvelles pratiques apportées par PI : 1) les stocks distribués à proximité des clients finaux; 2) le transbordement de stocks entre les hubs; 3) de multiples options dynamiques de sélection de la source pour chaque commande. Deux modèles de gestion de stocks correspondants sont proposés. Cette étude sert de guide pour des décisions de stockage pour les vendeurs dans un tel système logistique ouvert.Après l’analyse d’efficacité de PI, la deuxième partie de cette thèse concerne la résilience des modèles de stockage et de transport dans PI confrontés à des interruptions dans la chaîne logistique. On a étendu les modèles de stockage et de transport avec interruptions imprévisibles dans les infrastructures telles que l’usine ou les hubs. Des stratégies différentes sont développées pour atténuer les risques de perturbation des flux. Des études numériques sont effectuées pour évaluer la performance des modèles proposés.En résumé, cette recherche est la première qui étudie le potentiel de l’Internet Physique pour la gestion de stock et la résilience de ce système. D’après les résultats, il n’y a aucun doute que le PI change le design de chaîne logistique d’aujourd’hui et améliore la performance de gestion de logistique à la fois en efficience et en résilience. / Irrespective of significant performance achieved, today’s logistics networks are overwhelmingly dedicated to an actor and therefore poorly interconnected. This fragmentation exhibits inevitable inefficiency and needs to be changed in respond to today’s new arising challenges in efficiency and resilience. To solve this antagonism, an innovative concept - Physical Internet (PI) - has been proposed which is a fully interconnected, open, dynamic logistics system. In such a system, the facilities and means of transportation can be dynamically organized and allocated in the short-term or long-term according to the economic environment. As a result, decisions can be made dynamically, agilely, and thus optimally. This thesis studies the perspectives of the PI to inventory management and transportation regarding the challenges in efficiency and resilience.As the efficiency of the PI to transportation has been carried out in literature, the first objective of this thesis is to explore the potentials of the PI to inventory management. To this end, we firstly qualitatively examine the new practices brought by the PI and conclude three main characteristics: 1) Distributed stocks near end customers; 2) Transshipment of inventories; and 3) multiple dynamic source options. Corresponding inventory models and solutions are proposed and evaluated with numerical experiments in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). This part of study gives a guideline for the vendors applying the PI to make inventory decisions in such an open logistic system.The second objective is to analyze the resilience of the proposed PI enabled inventory and transportation model confronted to disruptions. The proposed inventory and transportation model are extended with different disruptions at facilities including plants and hubs. Different disruption strategies are developed. Numerical studies in FMCG are carried out.In a word, this research investigates the inventory management in the PI and the resilience of PI enabled logistics models. It is the first time such a work is done and it should be upfront. From the results of studies, there is no doubt that the PI changes today’s supply chains design and improve the performance of supply chain management both in efficiency, effectiveness and resilience.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-16T11:11:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJHC.pdf: 5301084 bytes, checksum: 69f3b369ca40bc9639ba8d1f296e4d6e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-17T12:10:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJHC.pdf: 5301084 bytes, checksum: 69f3b369ca40bc9639ba8d1f296e4d6e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-17T12:10:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJHC.pdf: 5301084 bytes, checksum: 69f3b369ca40bc9639ba8d1f296e4d6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T12:10:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJHC.pdf: 5301084 bytes, checksum: 69f3b369ca40bc9639ba8d1f296e4d6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-20 / Não recebi financiamento / This thesis explored aspects that can help balance the level of user control and system autonomy for intelligent privacy agents in the context of the Internet of Things. This proposed balance could be reached considering aspects related to wanting to be interrupted to have control and being able to be interrupted to exert this control. Through literature review of interruption and privacy literature, variables related to these two perspectives were identified. This led to the variable set "Intelligent Privacy Interruptions”. To verify and validate this set, two research actions were performed. The first one was an online survey that allowed us to perform a sanity check that these variables were acceptable in this work’s context. The second was an experience sampling user study with 21 participants that allowed us to better understand how user behavior is informed by these variables. Based on these two interventions it was possible to note that the selected variables seem to show relevance and that they can be used to inform the development and design of privacy agents. The limitations of the partial results notwithstanding, through a quantitative analysis of data collected form the user study and the qualitative analysis of the exit interviews, it was possible to note a common mental process between the participants of the user study when deciding whether to withhold or delegate decision control to the agent. Future studies should be performed to verify the possibility of expansion and creation of a behavior and preference model that can be integrated to the decisionmaking system of intelligent privacy agents. / Este trabalho investigou aspectos que podem ajudar a balancear o nível de controle de usuários e de autonomia de agentes inteligentes de privacidade no contexto da Internet das Coisas. Entende-se que esse balanceamento proposto poderia ser alcançado considerando aspectos relacionados a “querer” ser interrompido para ter controle e “poder” ser interrompido para exercer o controle. Por meio de revisão da literatura de interrupções e privacidade, variáveis relacionadas a esses dois aspectos foram identificadas, embasando a proposta de um conjunto de variáveis para “Interrupções de Privacidade Inteligentes”. Para verificar e validar esse conjunto de variáveis, duas ações de pesquisa foram feitas. A primeira foi um questionário online que serviu como uma verificação inicial de que as variáveis são adequadas ao novo contexto proposto por esse trabalho. A segunda foi um estudo de amostragem de experiência com 21 usuários para se entender melhor como essas variáveis podem vir a informar o comportamento de usuários. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as variáveis selecionadas apresentam relevância e que podem ser usadas para informar o desenvolvimento e design de agentes de privacidade. Embora os resultados ainda sejam limitados, principalmente pela duração do estudo e grupo e número de usuários, através da análise quantitativa dos dados coletadas no estudo com usuários e da análise qualitativa das entrevistas realizadas pós-estudo notou-se um processo mental comum entre os usuários participantes do estudo para as tomadas de decisão de reter o controle ou delegá-lo ao agente. Estudos futuros devem ser realizados, procurando verificar a possibilidade de expandir o relacionamento das variáveis para a criação de um modelo de comportamento e preferência dos usuários que seja integrável ao sistema de decisão de agentes inteligentes de privacidade.

Digitala plattformar som sociala medier har revolutionerat sättet vi interagerar och kommunicerar med andra människor. 77% av den svenska befolkningen använder sig av sociala medier och denna siffra kommer bara att fortsätta stiga. Av dessa plattformar är det kanske mest spridda och populära sociala nätverket Facebook, som är värd för nästan 2 miljarder dagliga användare världen över. I denna studie ligger fokus på studenter och den påverkan som Facebook har på deras skolarbete. Med påverkan på skolarbetet menas de effekter som användandet av den sociala plattformen ger upphov till. I detta fall innebär det huruvida användandet av Facebook bland studenter påverkar koncentrationen på deras skolarbete. Även om det finns flera allmänna fördelar av att använda sig av sociala medier finns det ett kunskapsgap gällande deras övergripande påverkan på studentpopulationen. Studien bidrar till att analysera användandet av sociala medier i relation till inlärning, genom att specifikt analysera Facebook, och den påverkan som Facebook kan ha på inlärningsaktiviteter. För att kunna besvara forskningsfrågan har en kvantitativ metod använts. En webbaserad enkätundersökning med stängda frågor valdes som verktyg för datainsamling. Enkäten distribuerades via sociala medier till grupper där majoriteten av medlemmarna var studenter, specifikt riktade mot studenter vid Högskolan i Borås. Enkäten har på uppmaning av författarna vidare delats av dessa medlemmar till andra studenter. Att använda sig av sociala medier för att sprida enkäten var optimalt då undersökningen enbart riktar sig in mot användare av Facebook. Totalt har 147 svar har samlats in från enkätundersökningen. För att svara på om Facebook fungerar som antingen ett hjälpmedel eller ett störningsmoment i samband med skolarbete behövs vidare forskning. En analysering av enkätundersökning gav upphov till indikatorer som visar på att den påverkan som Facebook kan ha på studenter i samband med egenstudier kommer i två olika former. Påverkan som rör användares beteende, exempelvis att studenterna inte är medvetna hur lång tid det tar att återgå till skolarbetet efter ett oplanerat avbrott, och påverkan vilket uppstår som ett resultat av specifik funktionalitet i Facebook. Detta kan vara att vissa funktioner har större chans att distrahera användarna från skolarbetet. Undersökningen identifierade även vilka åtgärder studenter tar för att undvika att bli negativt påverkade av Facebook under skolarbete. Implikationerna från studiens resultat skapar en grund för nya studier som berör sociala medier. Resultatet kan vidare användas i förbättringssyfte för vidare forskning inom digitala plattformar. / Digital platforms such as social media platforms have revolutionized the way we interact and communicate with other people. Currently 77% of the Swedish population use social media and this figure is expected to rise. Of these platforms, Facebook is perhaps the most widely distributed social media available and currently hosts almost two billion daily users across the globe. In this study, the focus is on students and the impact that Facebook has on their studies. Impact on schoolwork refers to the effects that manifest as a result of social media platform usage, in this case meaning whether frequency of Facebook usage affects the students’ ability to concentrate on their studies. Although there are many advantages of using social media in general, there is a knowledge gap on the overall impact on studies among student populations. This study helps to analyse the use of social media in relation to students learning activities in the specific case of Facebook. In order to achieve the goal of this study, a quantitative method has been used, namely online questionnaires as a tool for data collection. The questionnaire was distributed through social media groups specifically targeting students at the University of Borås. The survey has further been shared to other fellow students on behalf of the authors in order to recruit the desired sample for the study. Using social media groups for distribution of the questionnaire was ideal due to the fact that the study only investigates Facebook users. In total, 147 complete responses were collected from the questionnaire. The study does not give a definitive answer to whether Facebook is a tool or a distraction when it comes to schoolwork. Instead, analysing the questionnaire suggests that there are two different types of impact that can affect students when using Facebook alongside their schoolwork. These are impact on student behaviour, such as not being aware of how long it takes to resume schoolwork after a break, and impact as a result of specific Facebook functionality, meaning certain functions increase the risk of distracting users from their schoolwork. Further, this study identified certain measures that students take in order to minimize the negative impact of Facebook usage on their schoolwork, such as setting their phones to vibrate only. The implications of this study will provide a basis for further research within the area of social media platforms and social media service providers.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-07-20T11:48:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Eduardo de Souza Lauro - 2018.pdf: 2144486 bytes, checksum: e3297466fed7157ebeb44ccefd128da8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-23T12:04:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Eduardo de Souza Lauro - 2018.pdf: 2144486 bytes, checksum: e3297466fed7157ebeb44ccefd128da8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T12:04:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Eduardo de Souza Lauro - 2018.pdf: 2144486 bytes, checksum: e3297466fed7157ebeb44ccefd128da8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-13 / The present dissertation aims to evaluate the quality of the service provided by Celg Distribuição, through its continuity indicators, in order to propose improvement actions for the company. The collective indicators of duration and the equivalent frequency of interruptions (DEC and FEC), using a database formed from more than 200 data sets, are evaluated through unpublished methodologies for the theme, spatial analysis and decomposition of Oaxaca, with 200 million of observations related to all interruptions between 2014 and 2016 in the concession area of ​​the distributor. The main results indicate that there is a structural problem with the extrapolation of the regulatory limits of the distributor's indicators, placing it as the worst distributor in Brazil in recent years, a problem that was accentuated by the transfer of control of the State of Goiás to the Union in 2011. This problem presents a heterogeneous problem along the 200,000 km² area of ​​the concession area, whose problem is concentrated in the interior regions of the State of Goiás. In addition, there are significant differences regarding the the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (REMG) and the interior of the State regarding the durations of the power outages. With the research, four actions are proposed for the company, being they to apply actions of the best electrical assemblies to those where the situation is more critical; to request the regulatory body to redefine regulatory limits; identify the primary cause of the outage; define a specific maintenance policy for the interior of the state of Goiás, a region whose continuity problem is more pronounced than in Goiânia. / A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade do serviço prestado pela Celg Distribuição, por meio de seus indicadores de continuidade, a fim de propor ações de melhoria para a empresa. Avalia-se, por meio de metodologias inéditas para o tema, análise espacial e decomposição de Oaxaca, os indicadores coletivos de duração e frequência equivalente das interrupções (DEC e FEC), por meio de uma base de dados formada a partir de mais de 200 milhões de observações, relativas à todas as interrupções ocorridas entre 2014 e 2016 na área de concessão da distribuidora. Os principais resultados apontam que há um problema estrutural com a extrapolação dos limites regulatórios dos indicadores da distribuidora, colocando-a como pior distribuidora do Brasil nos últimos anos, problema que foi acentuado a partir da transferência de controle acionário do Estado de Goiás para a União, em 2011. Este problema apresenta-se de forma heterogênea ao longo dos cerca de 200 mil km² da área de concessão, cujo problema se concentra nas regiões do interior do Estado de Goiás. Além disso, verifica-se diferenças relevantes no que tange a região metropolitana de Goiânia (REMG) e o interior do Estado quanto às durações das quedas de energia. Com a pesquisa, quatro ações são propostas para a empresa, sendo elas a de aplicar ações dos melhores conjuntos elétricos àqueles onde a situação é mais crítica; pleitear junto ao órgão regulador a redefinição dos limites regulatórios; identificar a causa primária da interrupção e; definir uma política de manutenção específica para o interior do estado de Goiás, região cujo problema da continuidade é mais acentuado que na Grande Goiânia.

This study aims to observe linguistic disparities in the distribution of the conversational dominance strategies interruptions, amount of talk, and questions in the first U.S. 2020 presidential debate between Joe Biden and Donald Trump. Subsequently, these findings establish the evaluation of how the interactive phenomena relate to the masculinity conceptualizations of hegemonic masculinity and subordination. To examine the study objective, the methodology conducted was a discourse analysis of the debate transcript. Hence, the method intended to measure to which extent Biden and Trump employed interruptions, amount of talk, and questions during the debate. The outcome of the review established the discursive dominance framework used to discuss how the presidential candidates demonstrated adherence to diverse masculinities’ conceptualizations. The discourse analysis outcome revealed an asymmetrical distribution of the interactive phenomena across all variables measured in favor of Donald Trump. These results suggest that Trump’s discursive performance signaled adherence to hegemonic masculinity norms to a greater extent than Biden through employing more conversational dominance strategies during the debate. Consequently, Biden’s discursive performance indicated closer relations to masculine subordination than Trump’s performance.

The study aimed to analyze females and males in mixed-sex conversations and same-sex conversations using cooperative speech, competitive speech, interruptions, and similarities and differences in their communication styles in the Tv series modern family. Men and women are said to use different speech styles regarding cooperative, competitive, and interruptions. I used three conversations taken from Season 1 Episode 24, Family Portrait, for mixed-sex conversations in my analysis. I also used three same-sex discussions taken from Season 3, Episode 5, Hit and Run, and Season 1, Episode 11, Up all night. The result shows similarities in both same-sex and mixed-sex conversations regarding women’s use of cooperative speech styles and men’s use of competitive speech styles and interruptions. However, my study found differences regarding women in mixed-sex and Same-sex conversations when it comes to interruptions. Women interrupt in mixed-sex discussions and not in same-sex discussions. Therefore, my analysis of the series modern family is in line with previous research on gender and language.

This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of voltage events regarding to immunity of electric appliances. This thesis is divided into three logical sections. In the first part are shown the voltage events, their definitions, causes and spreading in the mains. The second part deals with measurements and existing possibilities of evaluation of voltage events. The third part deals with suggestion of new evaluation of voltage events regarding to immunity of electric appliances and verification in practice.

No description available.

Cette thèse se propose d'analyser les phénomènes concourrant à la dynamique de la population active occupée. Après avoir dressé un large tableau rétrospectif de l'évolution des taux d'emploi au fil des périodes et des générations, elle se fonde sur les enquêtes Emploi plus récentes (1968 - 2007) et sur l'enquête " Etude de l'histoire familiale " de 1999 pour approfondir la décomposition des facteurs démographiques déterminant les tendances de l'emploi. L'évolution du temps de travail hebdomadaire, celle des calendriers d'entrées et de sorties de la vie professionnelle et le mouvement des interruptions temporaires de l'occupation professionnelle sont ainsi introduits dans l'analyse. La prise en compte de ces éléments de désagrégation conduit à remarquer une plus grande concentration de l'occupation professionnelle dans la vie des individus, de 1968 jusqu'au milieu des année 1990, sous l'influence d'un retard de l'entrée dans le premier emploi et de sorties définitives de la vie active occupée plus précoces, double tendance qui s'estompe depuis le milieu des année 1990. A cela s'ajoute, depuis le début des années 1970, la hausse des taux d'emploi des femmes d'âges intermédiaires, sous la conjonction de trois facteurs : la baisse de la proportion des femmes n'ayant jamais travaillé, la baisse des sorties définitives de l'occupation professionnelle avant 50 ans, et la réduction du poids des interruptions passagères de la vie professionnelle. L'ensemble de ces évolutions correspond à un très fort renouvellement démographique de l'emploi, avec des taux bruts d'entrée et de sortie qui dépassent largement les 10% mais qui, vu les tendances précédemment évoquées, n'engendrent qu'une croissance modérée de la population active occupée, inférieure à celle de la population en âge de travailler.

Les conditions de travail peuvent-elles générer des problèmes attentionnels chez certains salariés ? Cette question est actuellement au cœur de nombreuses recherches dans le domaine de la psychologie du travail, de l’ergonomie et de la psychologie cognitive appliquée. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons tenté de comprendre quels facteurs pourraient provoquer ces difficultés. Nous avons scindé notre approche en deux parties : (i) l’étude en laboratoire des liens entre les interruptions et les capacités cognitives, et (ii) l’étude des conditions de travail et de leurs retentissements sur la cognition. Les parutions scientifiques issues de la littérature des interruptions sont de plus en plus nombreuses. Elles ont notamment vécu un essor au début des années 2000. Pourtant, de nombreuses interrogations persistent encore, comme les effets réels des interruptions sur la tâche principale et les différents facteurs qui les potentialisent. De plus, les processus cognitifs spécifiques mis en jeu lors des interruptions n’ont pas tous été étudiés. C’est pourquoi, nous avons proposé une nouvelle définition formelle du phénomène d’interruption, ainsi qu’un nouveau cadre de recherche pour unifier le champ d’étude actuel. Nous avons également mené plusieurs études expérimentales dans le but de répondre à certains questionnements encore présents. L’ensemble de nos résultats suggèrent que les interruptions sont la plupart du temps délétères, et que des processus jusqu’alors insoupçonnés pourraient permettre de diminuer leurs retentissements. En second lieu, nous avons étudié l’impact de certaines conditions de travail sur le développement de plaintes attentionnelles et cognitives. Tout d’abord, nous avons construit un nouveau matériel à même de détecter ces changements au niveau cognitif en réalisant plusieurs études de création et validation d’une nouvelle échelle. Ensuite, nous l’avons utilisé sur un échantillon de plusieurs centaines de salariés pour tirer des conclusions sur les prédicteurs de ces difficultés. Dans l’ensemble, le genre, le statut social, le temps passé en environnement de travail partagé, la fréquence des interruptions et certaines nouvelles technologies pourraient être à l’origine de difficultés attentionnelles au travail. / Can Working conditions generate attentional problems for some employees? This issue is currently at the heart of research in the field of work psychology, ergonomics and applied cognitive psychology. During this thesis, we tried to understand exactly what factors might cause these problems. We have divided our approach into two parts: (i) the laboratory study of the links between interruptions and cognitive abilities, and (ii) the study of working conditions and their repercussions on cognition. Scientific publications from interruptions literature are becoming more numerous. In particular, they experienced a boom in the early 2000s. However, many questions still persist, as the real effect of interruptions on the main task and the various factors which potentiates this effect. Moreover, the specific cognitive processes involved during interruptions have not all been studied. Therefore, we proposed a new formal definition of the phenomenon of interruption and a new research framework to unify the current field of study. Also, we conducted several experimental studies to answer some questions still present. Together, our results suggest that interruptions are usually deleterious regarding the performance of the primary task, and that some cognitive processes unsuspected to this day might help their repercussions. Secondly, we studied the impact of specific working conditions on attentional and cognitive complaints. First, we built a new test able to detect these changes on a cognitive level by carrying out several construction and validation studies of a new scale. Then we used a sample of several hundred employees to draw conclusions on the predictors of these difficulties. Overall, gender, social status, time spent in shared working environment, the frequency of interruptions and several aspects of new technologies may be the cause of attentional difficulties at work.