Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett stort problem som drabbar människor i hela världen. Våldet mot kvinnor är det vanligaste våldet och var tredje kvinna är eller har blivit utsatt för våld. Hälso-och sjukvården har ett ansvar att identifiera dessa utsatta kvinnor för att upptäcka våldet och kunna erbjuda hjälp. Syfte: I den här studien var syftet att undersöka i vilken utsträckning sjuksköterskor frågar om våld i nära relationer till kvinnliga patienter. Studien undersökte även vilka faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskor att ställa frågan om våld och deras bemötande av våldsutsatta kvinnor. Metod: Studien var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie och data samlades in med en enkätundersökning. Det var 46 sjuksköterskor som deltog från två vårdavdelningar på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Svarsfrekvensen var 65 %. Resultat: En majoritet av sjuksköterskorna ställde sällan eller aldrig frågan om våld i nära relationer till kvinnliga patienter. Tidsbrist, okunskap, kommunikationssvårigheter och svårigheter att få tillgång till enskildhet var faktorer som påverkar ifall frågan ställs eller inte. Det var 65 % av sjuksköterskorna som upplevde att de i viss mån vet hur det ska bemöta en våldsutsatt kvinna. Att ha frågan om våld i nära relationer som standardfråga i ett inskrivningsformulär, ha mer tid för patienten samt få mer utbildning i ämnet skulle enligt sjuksköterskorna öka chanserna för att frågan skulle ställas. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna i studien frågade i liten utsträckning kvinnliga patienter om våld i nära relationer. Därmed missade de sannolikt flertalet utsatta kvinnor. Bättre rutiner på avdelningen skulle troligtvis öka chansen att sjuksköterskor skulle ställa frågan om våld i nära relationer. Till exempel vid ankomstsamtal, så som att ha en fråga om våld i inskrivningsformuläret och att ha samtal utan att patientens anhöriga är närvarande. Förändrade arbetsrutiner som minskar tidspress i arbetet och mer utbildning om våld i nära relationer kan möjligen påverka att fler frågor om våld ställs. / Background: Intimate partner violence, IPV, is a major problem that affects people worldwide. Violence against women is the most common violence and every third woman is or has been a victim of violence. Health services have a responsibility to identify these women and detect violence and offer to help. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of nurses asking about intimate partner violence to female patients. The study also investigated different factors that influenced the meeting with the female patient. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study with data collected from a questionnaire. There were 46 nurses that attended from two patient wards at the Akademiska sjukshuset in Uppsala. The response rate was 65%. Results: Nurses did rarely or never ask female patient about intimate partner violence. Lack of time, lack of knowledge, communication difficulties and access to privacy were factors that influence whether the question were asked or not. Nurses felt that they some how knew how to respond to the victims of the violence. If the question of intimate partner violence was a standard question in the enrolment form and the nurses were offered more education, the chances are that nurses would ask the questions about intimate partner violence more often to female patients. Conclusion: Nurses in this study didn't or rarely ask female patients about intimate partner violence. Because of that they probably missed out of finding several women that are victims. Better routines at the department during the enrolment, as having the question about intimate partner violence in the enrolment form but also having a private conversation, would probably increase the chances of asking question about intimate violence. Changed routines in the working environment that decrease stress but also offer more education in intimate partner violence could hopefully increase the possibility to ask more questions about intimate partner violence.

Without a doubt, violence continues to be a brutal reality in our society. It reaches and affects millions across our nation and around the world. For centuries, scholars, researchers and academics have studied and analyzed the existence of violence in many capacities. While violence affects every individual, group, and community the dynamics and the realties that are carried out vary tremendously across race, income levels, gender, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation and national origin to name a few. The existence, impact and repercussions of violence in different communities carry varying meanings, perceptions and significance. This paper explores the influences of race, class, and gender identity on the help-seeking behavior of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) survivors of hate motivated and intimate partner violence utilizing data collected by the Virginia Anti-Violence Project (VAVP) Community Violence Survey. Utilizing a target sampling method, nearly 1,000 LGBTQ identified individuals from across the Commonwealth responded to the community survey. Only a descriptive analysis had ever been done on this data set; this more complex analysis was the first to be done. Patricia Hill Collins’ theoretical framework of intersectionality was applied in the analysis of the influences of race, class and gender identity. Concepts and propositions from Collins’ general theoretical framework have been utilized to examine how the three social locations intersect and shape distinct realities that influence how LGBTQ survivors of violence seek assistance if at all. The exploratory nature of this examination provides a glimpse into the many factors that influence the help-seeking behaviors of LGBTQ survivors of violence.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy increases the risks of adverse outcomes for both mothers and their unborn children, including maternal and fetal death. However, more research is needed to determine if IPV increases in frequency or severity during pregnancy and to determine what the risk factors are for IPV during pregnancy. Objectives: To use data from the Chicago Women’s Health Risk Study to determine (1) if abuse is more prevalent during the pregnancy period, 2) if abuse during the pregnancy period increases in frequency or severity, 3) if pregnant women who are abused are at increased risk for intimate partner homicide, and 4) what the risk factors are for intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Methods: A chi square test of independence was performed on the crosstabulation of the pregnancy and the abuse variables. The means of the scores on three validated abuse measures for women recently pregnant and not recently pregnant at the time of interview were compared using an independent samples t-test. Chi square tests of independence were performed on crosstabulations of abuse frequency and severity variables and the pregnancy variable. Logistic regressions were performed to generate crude and adjusted odds ratios for IPV for the sample characteristics, first for the complete sample and then for the recently pregnant subsample. Results: The prevalence of IPV was about the same in the recently pregnant (68.2%) and recently not pregnant samples (71.1%). The chi square value for the crosstabulation of the pregnancy and the abuse variable were not significant (X2 = 0.606, df = 1, p = 0.436). HARASS scores were not significantly different for recently pregnant and recently not pregnant women. Power and Control scores were significantly lower for recently pregnant women (t = -2.081, df = 483, p = 0.038), however this difference was very small (mean difference = -0.317, SE = 0.152). Danger Assessment scores were not significantly different for recently pregnant and recently not pregnant women. The chi square value on the crosstabulation of the abuse frequency variable and the pregnancy variable was not significant (X2 = 0.344, df = 1, p = 0.557). The chi square value on the crosstabulation of the abuse severity variable and the pregnancy variable was not significant as well (X2= 0.412, df = 1, p-value = 0.521). Adjusted odds ratios for IPV for the pregnant subsample indicated that the only factor that increased risk was having between 0 and 6 social supports (aOR = 12.39, 95% CI = 3.27 to 46.88). Conclusions: In this high-risk sample, abuse was not more prevalent during the pregnancy period. Abuse during the pregnancy period did not increase in severity or intensity. Furthermore, pregnant women were not at greater risk for intimate partner homicide. Having fewer social supports put recently pregnant women at greatest risk for abuse. This may be because abusers frequently employ tactics to isolate victims from social supports in order to better maintain control of their victims. Having fewer social supports is particularly risky for this group, as pregnant women need more outside support to negotiate the demands of childbearing. More research is needed to determine the unique risk factors for domestic violence during pregnancy.

My work seeks to reveal the relationships between woman and man, woman and self, and woman and the space which she inhabits. Through personal memoirs and everyday observations the private becomes public, and moments of intimacy transpire. Intimacy requires dialogue, transparency, reciprocity, and self-disclosure, all things that I have been reflecting upon in my work over the last two years. Relationships are formed within the works and through the experience of the viewer with the art. Figures and abstraction coexist next to one another informing the viewer of things familiar, creating closeness, while also spatially confusing the viewer, creating a distance. Moments are filtered through abstraction and illuminated through touch. These moments, while often small and fractured, combine together to create a full and complete reflection of the self and the other.

The aim of the thesis was to explore the impact of sex education in the family on own intimate life of the individual. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes issues that affect the content of thesis - human sexuality, sex education at school and in family, and individual family surrounding. The practical part describes the implemented research. The research aim was formulated in four hypotheses. The first aim was to verify whether young people perceive sex education in the family as something that affects their intimate lives. The second aim was to verify the connection between points of view that parents present to their children about contraception, abortion and the beginning of sexual life and the view that in adulthood these children hold. Next aim was to determine whether there is the coherence between the way how parents talk to their children about sexuality and by how much is at the beginning of children own sexual life affected by these councils. And lastly, the work seeks to map the way how parents talk with children about sexuality and whether that affects children own experience of sexuality. In research took part 137 respondents - 80 women and 57 men, all respondents had secondary or university education and were aged from 21 to 30 years....

Master of Science / Family Studies and Human Services / Farrell J. Webb / Relationship and risk factors of infidelity within intimate and romantic relationships were examined using the Relationship and Risk factors influencing Infidelity Model (RRIM). It is based in part on Sternberg’s (1998) theoretical construct known as the triangular theory of love. Relationship factors included demographics, and relationship, development, strengths, and dynamics. Risk factors included sexual compatibility, and relationship problems. Data gleaned from Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) measured a subsample of approximately 1,000 respondents (n = 939) young adults from 24 to 32 years of age (M = 28.64, SD = 1.79, Mdn = 28.61) and was designed to test the accuracy of the RRIM. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to explicate the relationships found across the elements within the RRIM. The overall results revealed that the RRIM correctly classified that 72.2% of the men and 78.8% of women were not likely to commit infidelity. The final results revealed that the level of commitment, the feeling of love, and the frequency of sex within the relationship were statistically significantly likely to influence infidelity between both men and women. Meanwhile, education and believing that one’s relationship would be permanent were statistically significantly likely to influence infidelity for women, but not for men. Although these results are encouraging, limitations were found within the RRIM and problems generated from using the Add Health must be acknowledged as several measures were not reliable. Future investigations should focus on how role models within young adults immediate and external environment influence their participation in committing infidelity.

This qualitative interview study aims to examine the work of change regarding IntimatePartner Violence (IPV), through the voices of seven change workers at Non-GovernmentalOrganizations (NGO) in Nairobi, Kenya. The focus lies on identifying worker’s expresseddefinitions and comprehensions of violence and in what ways those affect the work of changein sectors as victim support, awareness creation & changing societal attitudes and norms. Athematic analysis reveals two themes of social and cultural norms, which emerges as themain comprehensions of violence; as well as essential components of the work of change.Feminist theory enables the image of gendered, embodied norms that supports the hierarchalstructure of marriage and women’s subordination. Findings of social and cultural normsinclude IPV as a loving form to discipline a woman, marital rape does not exist and womenshould stay in marriage. Furthermore, this study presents a mutual understanding of IPV bythe change workers, but with various ways to create change. Obstacles for the eradication ofIPV is presented as lack of shelters, lack of legal implementation, as well as lack ofknowledge within the police force. Key findings include an ambivalent perspective from thechange workers concerning women’s subordination. Most worked against it, while sometaught it, so women could “escape” violence by becoming more submissive. Throughout, IPVis expressed in gender-neutral terms, but interviews reveal the perspective of genderasymmetry and that IPV is a form of violence directed towards women by men.

Gender roles and the nature of heterosex have been clearly outlined in the literature as having a significant impact on both individuals and societies. Some debate has existed in the field of psychology as to the nature and origin of gender and gender roles. Furthermore, it is believed that the current South African context offers a rich source of material for debate and discussion around which social factors are impacting on gender role development and how. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the perceived origins of such gender roles the study explores qualitative accounts of the various social elements of both South African and international origin which individuals perceive as impacting on gender role ideology. Individual interviews were conducted with 8 participants (4 males and 4 females) between the ages of 20 and 30, who were either living with their partner at the time of the study or had co-habited before. While all social constructs identified in the study can be understood as impacting internalised notions of gender roles some factors appear to play a more significant role than others in creating knowledge around egalitarian roles rather than perpetuating less contemporary views or gender inequality. In particular culture, religion and the family were found to be sights of perpetuation of more traditional roles, while globalisation, education, media, work and urbanisation appeared to be significant constructs in creating more egalitarian gender role ideologies. Recommendations for future research include a closer examination of these relationships within broader realms of class, religion and age.

Although both the Immorality Act and the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act were repealed in 1985, for the most part, interracial intimate relationships continue to be fraught with controversy. It was hypothesised that discourses on interracial intimate relationships in post-apartheid South Africa would intersect with racist and/or antiracist discourses. This study sought to identify and explore discourses on these relationships, and to investigate the possible intersections with discourses on racism. Thompson’s method of depth hermeneutics (of which critical discourse analysis was a component) was employed to analyse data generated by two focus group discussions and two interviews with interracial couples. The study yielded a wealth of data. This research report presents significant findings in terms of how discourses on interracial intimate relationships in post-apartheid South Africa intersect with discourses on race and racism. The three main discursive themes were on race, whiteness, and interracial intimate relationships, with the latter theme dominating. Of particular significance was how discursive strategies were employed in order to deny, negate and justify racism. The most striking findings relate to how discourses on interracial relationships intersect with discourses on three main themes: i) experimentation, as depicted by discourses on developmental psychology, ii) geographical locations, socio-economic status, and class, as manifested in the discourse of “It depends on where you go”, and iii) the ideological construction of the family, which functions to maintain a racially stratified society that maintains the status quo.

Cette thèse s’appuie sur une pratique de la vidéographie, du montage et de la photographie et explore le thème de l’intime. Son hypothèse est que l’espace interrogé de la quotidienneté est identique avec celui de l’exploration des intimes. La réflexion se base sur une analyse des textes théoriques ou des réalisations artistiques de Gaston Bachelard, Roland Barthes, Henri Bergson Sophie Calle, Eliane Chiron, Gilles Deleuze, Georges Didi-Huberman, le Groupe Mu, Pierre Huyghe, Maurice Merleau-Ponty ou encore Agnès Varda, et s’appuie sur un matériel plastique qui permet de cristalliser et situer les déplacements et les objets appartenant aux rituels du quotidien. La première partie explore la sphère intime par l’intermédiaire de photos de famille et d’un medium pictural, le cercle bleu. La seconde partie analyse la sphère intime au travers d’images extraites de films vidéographiques réalisés en suivant des personnes ou dans des espaces privés. La troisième partie est dédiée aux espaces parcourus par les personnages que je filme lorsque je les suis, que je parcours lorsque je marche et par les spectateurs au sein de mon installation. Cette thèse interroge le rôle du corps in situ, au contact des lieux et des situations, dans l’élaboration d’un code narratif et poétique afin d’identifier et d’établir les relations de réciprocité et d’interactions qui lient mon matériel plastique à la durée, au temps et à l’espace, au quotidien qui passe et qui s’étale. Par un jeu de miroirs, ce travail cherche à faire résonner notre mémoire et celle des spectateurs et en hyper-multipliant la banalité du quotidien qui devient extraordinaire. / This thesis is based on a practice of videography, editing and photography and explores the theme of intimacy. Its hypothesis is that the interrogated space of everyday life is identical with that of the exploration of intimates. The reflection is based on an analysis of the theoretical texts or artistic achievements by Gaston Bachelard, Roland Barthes, Henri Bergson Sophie Calle, Eliane Chiron, Gilles Deleuze, George Didi-Huberman, Mu Group, Pierre Huyghe, Maurice Merleau-Ponty or Agnès Varda, and relies on a plastic material that can crystallize and locate the movements and objects belonging to the rituals of everyday life. The first part explores the intimate sphere through family photos and a pictorial medium, the blue circle. The second part analyses the intimate sphere through images extracted from video films made following people or in private spaces. The third part is dedicated to the spaces travelled by the characters that I shadowed, that I walk when I walk and by the spectators within my installation. This thesis questions the in situ role of the body, in con-tact with places and situations, in the development of a narrative and poetic code in order to identify and establish the relations of reciprocity and interactions that bind my plastic material to the duration, the time and the space, the daily life that goes on and spreads. Through a game of mirrors, this work seeks to resonate our memory and that of the audience and hyper-multiplying the banality of everyday life that becomes extraordinary.