An n-tuple of operators V=(V_1,…,V_n) acting on a Hilbert space H is said to be isometric if the corresponding row operator is an isometry. A free semigroup algebra is the weakly closed algebra generated by an isometric n-tuple V. The structure of a free semigroup algebra contains a great deal of information about V. Thus it is natural to study this algebra in order to study V. A free semigroup algebra is said to be analytic if it is isomorphic to the noncommutative analytic Toeplitz algebra, which is a higher-dimensional generalization of the classical algebra of bounded analytic functions on the complex unit disk. This notion of analyticity is of central importance in the general theory of free semigroup algebras. A vector x in H is said to be wandering for an isometric n-tuple V if the set of words in the entries of V map x to an orthonormal set. As in the classical case, the analytic structure of the noncommutative analytic Toeplitz algebra is determined by the existence of wandering vectors for the generators of the algebra. In the first part of this thesis, we prove the following dichotomy: either an isometric n-tuple V has a wandering vector, or the free semigroup algebra it generates is a von Neumann algebra. This implies the existence of wandering vectors for every analytic free semigroup algebra. As a consequence, it follows that every free semigroup algebra is reflexive, in the sense that it is completely determined by its invariant subspace lattice. In the second part of this thesis we prove a decomposition for an isometric tuple of operators which generalizes the classical Lebesgue-von Neumann-Wold decomposition of an isometry into the direct sum of a unilateral shift, an absolutely continuous unitary and a singular unitary. The key result is an operator-algebraic characterization of an absolutely continuous isometric tuple in terms of analyticity. We show that, as in the classical case, this decomposition determines the weakly closed algebra and the von Neumann algebra generated by the tuple.

[pt] Este trabalho aborda o problema da estabilidade de sistemas lineares, invariantes no tempo, a tempo discreto, com o espaço de estado sendo um espaço de Hilbert complexo e separável de dimensão infinita. São investigadas condições necessárias e/ou suficientes para quatro conceitos diferentes de estabilidade: estabilidade assintótica uniforme e estabilidade assintótica forte, estabilidade assintótica fraca e estabilidade limitada. Identifica-se e analisa-se as conexões entre os problemas de estabilidade e dois problemas em aberto da teoria de operadores em espaços de Hilbert: o problema do subespaço invariante e o problemas da similaridade e contração. Diversos resultados, oriundos de tentativas de solução para os dois problemas acima, ou motivados por aquelas tentativas, são utilizadas para fornecer caracterizações adicionais (principalmente caracterizações espectrais) para os quatro conceitos de estabilidade em questão. / [en] This work deals with the stability problem for time- invariant discrete linear systems evolving in a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Necessary and/or sufficient conditions for uniform, strong and weak asymptotic stability, as well as to bounded stability problems to two open problems in operator theory, namely, the invariant subspace and the similarity to contractions, are identified and analysed in detail. Several results from the many attempts, of solving the above mentioned open problems, or motivated by those attempts, are used to supply additional characterizations (mainly spectral characterization) for the four stabilty concepts under consideration.

A perturbation analysis shows that if a numerically stable procedure is used to compute the matrix sign function, then it is competitive with conventional methods for computing invariant subspaces. Stability analysis of the Newton iteration improves an earlier result of Byers and confirms that ill-conditioned iterates may cause numerical instability. Numerical examples demonstrate the theoretical results.

[pt] O problema do subespaço invariante consiste na seguinte pergunta: será que todo operador (i.e., transformação linear limitada) atuando em um espaço de Hilbert separável (complexo de dimensão infinita) tem subespaço invariante nãotrivial? Este é, possivelmente, o mais importante problema em aberto na teoria de operadores. Em particular, o problema do subespaço invariante permanece em aberto (pelo menos até a presente data) para operadores hiponormais, ou seja, ainda não se sabe se todo operador hiponormal (atuando em um espaço de Hilbert complexo separável) tem subespaço invariante não-trivial. O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar, de maneira unificada, um levantamento sobre subespaços invariantes para operadores hiponormais. Inicialmente, o problema do subespaço invariante é abordado em sua forma geral (sem restrição a classes de operadores) onde diversos resultados clássicos são expostos. Em seguida, o problema específico de se encontrar subespaços invariantes para operadores hiponormais é apresentado de maneira sistemática. Em particular, investigamos propriedades do espectro de um operador hiponormal que não tenha subespaço invariante não trivial. / [en] The invariant subspace problem is: does every operator acting on an infinite-dimensional complex separable Hilbert space have a nontrivial invariant subspace? This is, probably, the most important open question in the operator theory. In particular, the problem of the invariant subspace remains open (at least until now) for hyponormal operators, that is, it is still unknown whether every hyponormal operator (on a complex separable Hilbert space) has a nontrivial invariant subspace. The purpose of these dissertation is to present, in an unified way, a survey on invariant subspaces for hyponormal operators. At first, the invariant subspace problem is posed in a general form (without any restriction on the operator classes), where some of classical results are discussed. Secondly, the specific problem of finding invariant subspaces for hyponormal operators is presented in a systematic way and, in particular, we show some characteristics of the spectrum of a hyponormal operator with no nontrivial invariant subspace.

This paper demonstrates the properties of a Hilbert structure. In order to have a Hilbert structure it is necessary to satisfy certain properties or axioms. The main body of the paper is centered on six questions that develop these ideas.

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In this thesis we have investigated two different types of problems in multivariable operator theory. The first one deals with the defect sequence for contractive tuples and maximal con-tractive tuples. These condone deals with the wandering subspaces of the Bergman space and the Dirichlet space over the polydisc. These are described in thefollowing two sections. (I) The Defect Sequence for ContractiveTuples LetT=(T1,...,Td)bead-tuple of bounded linear operators on some Hilbert space H. We say that T is a row contraction, or, acontractive tuplei f the row operator (Pl refer the abstract pdf file)

A perturbation analysis shows that if a numerically stable procedure is used to compute the matrix sign function, then it is competitive with conventional methods for computing invariant subspaces. Stability analysis of the Newton iteration improves an earlier result of Byers and confirms that ill-conditioned iterates may cause numerical instability. Numerical examples demonstrate the theoretical results.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Invariant subspaces are a natural topic in linear algebra and operator theory. In some rare cases, the restrictions of operators to different invariant subspaces are unitarily equivalent, such as certain restrictions of the unilateral shift on the Hardy space of the disk. A composition operator with symbol fixing 0 has a nested sequence of invariant subspaces, and if the symbol is linear fractional and extremally noncompact, the restrictions to these subspaces all have the same norm and spectrum. Despite this evidence, we will use semigroup techniques to show many cases where the restrictions are still not unitarily equivalent.