Homocysteine (Hcy) has been identified as a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis as it induces endothelial cell (EC) activation/dysfunction and thus potentially initiating atherosclerotic plaque formation. There is accumulating evidence indicating a key role for oxidative stress in mediating Hcy atherogenic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic treatment with Hcy on EC activation and to explore the role of oxidative stress in these effects. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured and treated chronically with DL-Hcy for 5-9 days. An in vitro flow system was also used to characterize the different types of interactions between DL-Hcy-treated HUVEC and neutrophils under physiological flow conditions. EC activation was studied by characterizing the activation of the JNK pathway and the up-regulation of different cell adhesion molecules (CAM) and cytokines, using different techniques including western blot, immunohistochemical staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. The role of oxidative stress was investigated by measuring the production of ROS and evaluating the efficiency of antioxidants. Furthermore, the role of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in modulating Hcy effects was investigated. Chronic treatment with DL-Hcy did not kill the EC however, it inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, this treatment induced EC activation/dysfunction which was characterized by sustained activation of the JNK pathway, which in turn mediated up-regulation of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and to lesser extent P-selectin. Furthermore, DL-Hcy induced production of IL-8 protein. These CAM and chemokines collectively mediated different interactions between DL-Hcy-treated HUVEC and neutrophils under flow conditions including tethering, rolling, adherence and transmigration. DL-Hcy was also shown to induce significant ROS generation which mediated activation of the JNK pathway. Antioxidants restored DL-Hcy-induced interactions under flow to the basal level. DL-Hcy was shown to induce eNOS uncoupling which mediated, at least in part, the DL-Hcy-induced ROS production. Furthermore, short term treatment with NO inhibited DL-Hcy-induced HUVEC:neutrophil interactions in a cGMP-independent manner. In summary, this research showed that DL-Hcy has several proatherogenic effects, mediated at least in part by the JNK pathway, and induces EC activation/dysfunction priming for atherosclerosis initiation. The data supports that oxidative stress mediates the majority of Hcy atherosclerotic effects. Antioxidants tested, JNK inhibitors and NO showed promising results in reversing all DL-Hcy effects and restoring EC normal status. ¿

Our aim was to analyse (i) the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the JUN and FOS core promoters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), knee-osteoarthritis (OA), and normal controls (NC); (ii) their functional influence on JUN/FOS transcription levels; and (iii) their associations with the occurrence of RA or knee-OA. JUN and FOS promoter SNPs were identified in an initial screening population using the Non-Isotopic RNase Cleavage Assay (NIRCA); their functional influence was analysed using reporter gene assays. Genotyping was done in RA (n = 298), knee-OA (n = 277), and NC (n = 484) samples. For replication, significant associations were validated in a Finnish cohort (OA: n = 72, NC: n = 548). Initially, two SNPs were detected in the JUN promoter and two additional SNPs in the FOS promoter in perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD). JUN promoter SNP rs4647009 caused significant downregulation of reporter gene expression, whereas reporter gene expression was significantly upregulated in the presence of the FOS promoter SNPs. The homozygous genotype of FOS promoter SNPs showed an association with the susceptibility for knee-OA (odds ratio (OR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–3.7, p = 0.0086). This association was successfully replicated in the Finnish Health 2000 study cohort (allelic OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.2–2.5, p = 0.006). FOS Promoter variants may represent relevant susceptibility markers for knee-OA.

No description available.

No description available.

Often hailed as “China’s Stephen King,” Chinese psychological suspense author Cai Jun occupies a position at the peak of the new wave of young authors flooding China’s popular literature market. In order to understand Cai’s popularity as an author, the impact his works and writing have on this market, and how he creates his particular brand of suspense fiction, it is both necessary to put his works into a larger context and analyze his writing. This thesis provides a brief overview of the recent literary scene in China, from the rise of internet literature and the comeback of genre fiction to the advent of mooks, the evolution of young adult literature, and the development of the author marketing industry, and also addresses the “pure vs. popular” controversy in China’s literary world, identifies how Cai fits into these trends, and determines who Cai is as a writer in terms of genre, story content, and literary reception through the translation and analysis of Cai’s short story “Kidnapped.”

政治系統的維持、適應與發展，非有一套適合其運作的價值體系不可，而此一價值體 係如何內化為系統成員的「內在心理取向」、亦即形成政治態度的過程－－政治社會 化，乃為有關學者所深切重視的問題。國內學者對於政治社會化的研究，自袁頌西、 易君博撰文引介後，經胡佛、陳義彥、陳文俊等學者大力研究，時至今日，政治社會 化己成為政治科學最重要的研究領域之一；以各級學校在校生為研究對象而言，研究 所、大學、高（初）中及小學均有研究成果問世。筆者對此領域亦深感興趣，經吾師 義彥之啟迪、面允，乃以五專學生為研究對象，探討我國五專學生的政治定向與行為 模式。 本文依據教部七十六年「中華民國教育統計」所列十四萬八仟一百十二名學生中、分 層隨機抽取百分之一為樣本，運用本校電算中心PRIM７５０機所備有的SPSSX 程式， 進行各項統計分析。問卷編製係引用或改編前人設計為主，其次則以筆者多年涉入青 年活動的體驗，另增設問項若干，總計問卷題數一四七題。 本文僅就政治社會化的結果－政治態度及其與社會化媒體關聯做嘗試性的探討；其中 由於在困果次序難以論定的限制下，本文僅嘗認尋找與特定政治態度相關聯的媒體作 為政治態度的測度指標。 本文概分五章，除第一章緒論、第二章結論外，其餘各章要旨如下： 第二章：研究方法。主要在敘明本文的研究架構、假設、設計及施測情形。 第三章：政治態度的成份。首先假定政治態度的構成成分包括：認知、情感及行動傾 向三部分，並以因素分析方法所析出之因子印證，次以社會屬性進行差異性檢定。 第四章：政治態度的預測。本章分別以同輩團體、家庭、學校及大傳媒介等四種社會 化媒體對「知、情、意」等三個政治態度面向進行迴歸分析，以探討各媒體內含因子 對政治態度各面向的總預測力及關聯。

Für die Progression des Wachstums maligner Tumoren und ihre Metastasierung ist die Angiogenese, die Bildung neuer Blutgefäße aus bereits existierenden, eine essentielle Voraussetzung. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die proangiogenen Transkriptionsfaktoren c-Jun, Id1 und Id3 in ihrer Stabilität gegenüber dem Ubiquitin/26S-Proteasom-System durch das COP9-Signalosom (CSN) kontrolliert werden. Dieses bildet einen multimeren Proteinkomplex, der deutliche Homologien mit dem Lid-Subkomplex des 26S-Proteasoms aufweist. Sowohl c-Jun als auch Id3 binden an die Untereinheit CSN5. Id3 interagiert zusätzlich mit CSN7. Rekombinantes c-Jun, ein bekanntes Substrat der CSN-assoziierten Kinasen CK2 und PKD, wird durch Curcumin, einen Hemmstoff dieser Kinasen, deutlich destabilisiert. Daneben induziert Curcumin hochmolekulare Formen von c-Jun, bei denen es sich höchstwahrscheinlich um Ubiquitin-Konjugate handelt. Ferner beschleunigt Curcumin, ebenso wie die CK2- und PKD-Inhibitoren Emdodin, DRB und Resveratrol, in HeLa-Zellen den proteasomalen Abbau von c-Jun. Die c-Jun-abhängige Produktion von VEGF wird durch alle vier Kinase-Hemmstoffe signifikant reduziert. Verstärkt wird dieser Effekt noch durch den proteasomalen Inhibitor MG-132. Id3 wird nicht von den CSN-assoziierten Kinasen phosphoryliert. Allerdings hemmt es in einem Kinase-Assay die Phosphorylierung von c-Jun, ICSBP und CSN2. Curcumin und Emodin regen in HeLa-Zellen die Ubiquitinierung und den proteasomalen Abbau von Id3 an. Die Proteolyse von Id1 wird in HeLa-Zellen ebenfalls in Anwesenheit dieser beiden Hemmstoffe stimuliert. Mittels Kotransfektion von Id3 und His-markiertem Ubiquitin konnte eine verstärkte Ubiquitinierung von Id3 in Gegenwart von Curcumin direkt nachgewiesen werden. Außerdem wird Id3 durch die Überexpression von CSN2 stabilisiert. Auf diesen Daten basiert die Schlussfolgerung, dass die CSN-abhängige Phosphorylierung den Abbau von c-Jun und der beiden Id-Proteine über das Ubiquitin/26S-Proteasom-System inhibiert und dadurch ein interessantes neues Ziel einer antiangiogenen Tumortherapie repräsentiert. / Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is a prerequisite for the progression of solid tumor growth and metastasis. In this study it is shown that the COP9 signalosome (CSN) regulates the stability of the angiogenic transcription factors c-Jun, Id1 and Id3 towards the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system. The COP9 signalosome constitutes a multimeric protein complex that shares sequence homology with the 26S proteasome lid complex. Both c-Jun and Id3 physically interact with the CSN subunit CSN5. In addition, Id3 can bind to CSN7. Recombinant c-Jun, a substrate of the CSN-associated kinases CK2 und PKD, is destabilized by curcumin, an inhibitor of these two kinases. Furthermore, curcumin induces high molecular weight c-Jun species, most likely ubiquitin conjugates. All tested inhibitors of the CK2 and PKD, emodin, DRB, resveratrol, as well as curcumin accelerate the degradation of c-Jun by the 26S proteasome in HeLa cells. The c-Jun-dependent expression of VEGF, the most potent angiogenic factor, is significantly reduced by the four kinase inhibitors. MG-132, an inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, also diminishes the production of VEGF. Id3 is not phosphorylated by the CSN-associated kinases. However, it inhibits c-Jun, ICSBP and CSN2 phosphorylation. Curcumin and emodin significantly induce ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of Id3 in HeLa cells. Proteasome-dependent degradation Id1 in HeLa cells is also stimulated by treatment with curcumin or emodin. Ubiquitination of Id3 is shown directly by cotransfection of HeLa cells with Id3 and His-tagged ubiquitin. Curcumin increases Id3-ubiquitin conjugate formation. In addition, overexpression of CSN2 leads to stabilization of Id3 protein. On the basis of these data it is concluded that CSN-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of c-Jun, Id1 and Id3. The COP9 signalosome thus represents an interesting new target for antiangiogenic tumor therapy.

Os tumores de glândula salivar compreendem em torno de 2 a 6,5% dos tumores de cabeça e pescoço. Entre os tumores de glândula salivar, o adenoma pleomórfico é benigno e o mais comum. O carcinoma adenoide cístico e adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau encontram-se entre os mais frequentes malignos. Jab1 é uma de muitas proteínas que afetam diversos estágios da tumorigênese sendo importante na regulação variadas vias de sinalização e/ou proteínas como p27 e AP-1, a última composta por c-jun e c-fos, que são principalmente relacionadas com o ciclo celular e proliferação celular. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a expressão imuno-histoquímica das proteínas Jab1, p27, c-jun e c-fos no adenoma pleomórfico, adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau e carcinoma adenoide cístico das glândulas salivares. Foi realizada análise imuno-histoquímica semi-quantitativa das células marcadas nos tumores de glândula salivar e glândula salivar normal de acordo com o escore 0 (células sem expressão), 1(> 0 <= 5% de células marcadas), 2 (> 5 <= 50%) and 3 (> 50%). Para Jab1, c-jun e c-fos foi considerado apenas marcação nuclear e para p27, nuclear e citoplasmática, separadamente. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se os testes de Kruskal-Wallis, de Mann-Whitney, do Qui-quadrado e o teste de correlação de Spearman, cujo nível de significância foi de p<0,05 e processados com o auxílio do software GraphPad Prisma 5.0. A análise estatística revelou que a expressão de Jab1 foi significante no adenoma pleomórfico e no carcinoma adenoide cístico em relação aos ductos e no adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau em relação ao carcinoma adenoide cístico (p=0,0136, 0,0001 e 0,0344, respectivamente); a expressão de p27 nuclear foi significante no adenoma pleomórfico e no adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau quando comparados ao carcinoma adenoide cístico (p=0,0074 e 0,0004, respectivamente) e a expressão citoplasmática em todos os grupos quando comparados aos ácinos; c-fos, a expressão foi significativa nos ductos ao compará-los ao adenoma pleomórfico, adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau e carcinoma adenoide cístico (p=0,0002, 0,0048 e 0,0352, respectivamente). O teste de correlação de Spearman de Jab1, p27, c-jun e c-fos em cada lesão separadamente revelou que no adenoma pleomórfico houve correlação significativa entre Jab1 e p27 (r=0,371; p=0,020) e entre c-jun e c-fos (r=0,452; p=0,004). No adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau, houve correlação entre Jab1 e p27 (r=0,494; p=0,044) e no carcinoma adenoide cístico, entre p27 e c-fos (r=0,513; p=0,035). Foi concluído que a tumorigênese do adenoma pleomórfico, adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau e carcinoma adenoide cístico parece estar associada à expressão de Jab1 e p27. / Salivary gland tumors comprise about 2 to 6.5% of the head and neck tumors. Among the salivary gland tumors, pleomorphic adenoma is the most common and benign tumor. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma are the most frequent malignant tumors. Jab1 is one of many proteins which affects many stages of the tumorigenesis and regulates positively and negatively several pathways and/or proteins such as p27 and AP-1, the latter composed by c-jun and c-fos, which are mostly related to cell cycle and cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of the proteins Jab1, p27, c-jun and c-fos in pleomorphic adenoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands. The semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was performed in salivary gland tumors and in normal salivary gland according to the score 0 (no stained cells), 1 (> 0 <= 5% of stained cells), 2 (> 5 <= 50%) and 3 (> 50%). Nuclear immunostaining alone was considered for Jab1, c-jun and c-fos proteins and cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for p27. Results were analyzed in GraphPad Prisma 5.0 software using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests and Spearman correlation test in which significancy level was p<0,05. Statistical analysis revealed that Jab1 expression was significant in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma in relation to ducts and in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma in relation to adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0,0136, 0,0001 e 0,0344, respectively); the p27 nuclear expression was significant in pleomorphic adenoma and in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma when compared to adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0,0074 e 0,0004, respectively) and cytoplasmic immunostaining was significant in all groups when compared to acini; c-fos expression was significant in ducts if compared to pleomorphic adenoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0,0002, 0,0048 e 0,0352, respectively). Spearman correlation test to Jab1, p27, c-jun and c-fos in each lesion separately revealed significant correlation between Jab1 and p27 (r=0,371; p=0,020) and c-jun and c-fos (r=0,452; p=0,004) in pleomorphic adenoma. There was correlation between Jab1 and p27 (r=0,494; p=0,044) in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and between p27 and c-fos (r=0,513; p=0,035) in adenoid cystic carcinoma. In conclusion, tumorigenesis in pleomorphic adenoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma seems to be associated to expression of Jab1 and p27.

Os tumores de glândula salivar compreendem em torno de 2 a 6,5% dos tumores de cabeça e pescoço. Entre os tumores de glândula salivar, o adenoma pleomórfico é benigno e o mais comum. O carcinoma adenoide cístico e adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau encontram-se entre os mais frequentes malignos. Jab1 é uma de muitas proteínas que afetam diversos estágios da tumorigênese sendo importante na regulação variadas vias de sinalização e/ou proteínas como p27 e AP-1, a última composta por c-jun e c-fos, que são principalmente relacionadas com o ciclo celular e proliferação celular. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a expressão imuno-histoquímica das proteínas Jab1, p27, c-jun e c-fos no adenoma pleomórfico, adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau e carcinoma adenoide cístico das glândulas salivares. Foi realizada análise imuno-histoquímica semi-quantitativa das células marcadas nos tumores de glândula salivar e glândula salivar normal de acordo com o escore 0 (células sem expressão), 1(> 0 <= 5% de células marcadas), 2 (> 5 <= 50%) and 3 (> 50%). Para Jab1, c-jun e c-fos foi considerado apenas marcação nuclear e para p27, nuclear e citoplasmática, separadamente. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se os testes de Kruskal-Wallis, de Mann-Whitney, do Qui-quadrado e o teste de correlação de Spearman, cujo nível de significância foi de p<0,05 e processados com o auxílio do software GraphPad Prisma 5.0. A análise estatística revelou que a expressão de Jab1 foi significante no adenoma pleomórfico e no carcinoma adenoide cístico em relação aos ductos e no adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau em relação ao carcinoma adenoide cístico (p=0,0136, 0,0001 e 0,0344, respectivamente); a expressão de p27 nuclear foi significante no adenoma pleomórfico e no adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau quando comparados ao carcinoma adenoide cístico (p=0,0074 e 0,0004, respectivamente) e a expressão citoplasmática em todos os grupos quando comparados aos ácinos; c-fos, a expressão foi significativa nos ductos ao compará-los ao adenoma pleomórfico, adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau e carcinoma adenoide cístico (p=0,0002, 0,0048 e 0,0352, respectivamente). O teste de correlação de Spearman de Jab1, p27, c-jun e c-fos em cada lesão separadamente revelou que no adenoma pleomórfico houve correlação significativa entre Jab1 e p27 (r=0,371; p=0,020) e entre c-jun e c-fos (r=0,452; p=0,004). No adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau, houve correlação entre Jab1 e p27 (r=0,494; p=0,044) e no carcinoma adenoide cístico, entre p27 e c-fos (r=0,513; p=0,035). Foi concluído que a tumorigênese do adenoma pleomórfico, adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau e carcinoma adenoide cístico parece estar associada à expressão de Jab1 e p27. / Salivary gland tumors comprise about 2 to 6.5% of the head and neck tumors. Among the salivary gland tumors, pleomorphic adenoma is the most common and benign tumor. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma are the most frequent malignant tumors. Jab1 is one of many proteins which affects many stages of the tumorigenesis and regulates positively and negatively several pathways and/or proteins such as p27 and AP-1, the latter composed by c-jun and c-fos, which are mostly related to cell cycle and cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of the proteins Jab1, p27, c-jun and c-fos in pleomorphic adenoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands. The semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was performed in salivary gland tumors and in normal salivary gland according to the score 0 (no stained cells), 1 (> 0 <= 5% of stained cells), 2 (> 5 <= 50%) and 3 (> 50%). Nuclear immunostaining alone was considered for Jab1, c-jun and c-fos proteins and cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for p27. Results were analyzed in GraphPad Prisma 5.0 software using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests and Spearman correlation test in which significancy level was p<0,05. Statistical analysis revealed that Jab1 expression was significant in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma in relation to ducts and in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma in relation to adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0,0136, 0,0001 e 0,0344, respectively); the p27 nuclear expression was significant in pleomorphic adenoma and in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma when compared to adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0,0074 e 0,0004, respectively) and cytoplasmic immunostaining was significant in all groups when compared to acini; c-fos expression was significant in ducts if compared to pleomorphic adenoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0,0002, 0,0048 e 0,0352, respectively). Spearman correlation test to Jab1, p27, c-jun and c-fos in each lesion separately revealed significant correlation between Jab1 and p27 (r=0,371; p=0,020) and c-jun and c-fos (r=0,452; p=0,004) in pleomorphic adenoma. There was correlation between Jab1 and p27 (r=0,494; p=0,044) in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and between p27 and c-fos (r=0,513; p=0,035) in adenoid cystic carcinoma. In conclusion, tumorigenesis in pleomorphic adenoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma seems to be associated to expression of Jab1 and p27.

Les microtubules sont des éléments dynamiques du cytosquelette qui contrôlent à la fois l’organisation du cytoplasme, la polarité, la migration et la division cellulaire. Notre laboratoire a précédemment montré que la kinase de stress JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase) régule la dynamique des microtubules dans les cellules épithéliales de mammifères, en augmentant les vitesses de polymérisation, ainsi que les fréquences de sauvetage (transition vers une phase de repolymérisation). Alors que certaines protéines neuronales capables de réguler la dynamique des microtubules ont été identifiées comme des substrats de JNK, leurs équivalents dans les cellules épithéliales sont largement méconnus. Dans le but de comprendre comment JNK module la dynamique des microtubules dans les cellules épithéliales de mammifère, nous avons étudié deux substrats potentiels de JNK : la -tubuline et le facteur de sauvetage CLIP-170. Nous avons bien mis en évidence in vitro, une phosphorylation de la -tubuline par JNK sur une thréonine non-consensus, mais cette phosphorylation n’a pas été retrouvée dans les cellules HeLa, suggérant que la -tubuline n’est pas un substrat naturel de JNK in vivo. Nous avons mis en évidence par ailleurs que CLIP-170 est un nouveau substrat de JNK. Dans les cellules épithéliales, JNK activée phosphoryle trois résidus (Thr25, Thr45 et Ser147) situés dans la partie N-terminale de CLIP-170 de part et d’autre du premier domaine CAP-Gly qui est nécessaire pour l’interaction avec les microtubules. Ces acides aminés présentent des différences aussi bien dans leur phosphorylation basale que dans leurs cinétiques de phosphorylation par JNK sous divers stress. De plus, nous avons trouvé que dans différentes cellules épithéliales, la phosphorylation de ces sites est conservée. In vitro, ces résidus sont directement phosphorylés par JNK, préférentiellement quand le domaine N-terminal de CLIP-170 lie la tubuline. De plus, l’expression de mutants de CLIP-170 phospho-mimétiques et non-phosphorylables a montré que la phosphorylation de chaque site augmente la fréquence des sauvetages microtubulaires. Cette modulation n’est pas corrélée à une augmentation de la capacité de CLIP-170 à former des comètes aux extrémités plus en croissance ou à être retenue aux croissements microtubulaires, qui sont des sites de sauvetage potentiels.Ce travail a permis de décrire les premières phosphorylations de CLIP-170 qui stimulent sa fonction de sauvetage in vivo. Il souligne par ailleurs la complexité des mécanismes de sauvetage, qui demeurent un aspect encore énigmatique de l’instabilité dynamique des microtubules. L’activité de JNK sur CLIP-170 ne permet d’expliquer qu’une partie des effets de la kinase sur la dynamique des microtubules, aussi la recherche d’autres protéines cibles de JNK pouvant réguler notamment leur vitesse de polymérisation, reste à entreprendre. / Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeleton elements, which control cytoplasm organization, cell polarity, migration and division. Our laboratory has previously shown that the stress kinase JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase) regulates microtubule dynamics in mammalian epithelial cells, by increasing their growth rates, and their rescue frequencies (transition towards phases of repolymerization). While several neuronal proteins regulating microtubule dynamics have been identified as JNK substrates, their counterparts in epithelial cells are largely unknown. With the aim to understand how JNK modulates microtubule dynamics in mammalian epithelial cells, we studied two putative substrates of JNK: -tubulin and the rescue factor CLIP-170. Regarding -tubulin, using an in vitro kinase assay, we found that a non-consensus threonine is actually phosphorylated by JNK, but we were not able to find this phosphorylation in HeLa cells, suggesting that -tubulin is not a natural JNK substrate. In parallel, we found that CLIP-170 is a new substrate of JNK in epithelial cells. Activated JNK phosphorylates three residues (Thr25, Thr45 and Ser147) located in the N-terminal part of CLIP-170, on each side of the first CAP-Gly domain, which is required for CLIP-170 interaction with microtubules. These residues exhibit differences in their level of basal phosphorylation and their kinetics of phosphorylation by JNK under various stresses. Moreover, we found that in different epithelial cells, the phosphorylation of these sites is conserved. Using an in vitro kinase assay, we found that all these residues are directly phosphorylated by JNK, preferentially when the N-terminal domain of CLIP-170 binds tubulin. Furthermore, using phospho-mimetic and non-phosphorylatable CLIP-170 mutants in epithelial cells, we revealed that the phosphorylation of each site increases microtubule rescues. Such modulation operates without increasing CLIP-170 capability to form comets at the microtubule growing plus ends or to accumulate at microtubule crossings, which are potential rescue sites.This work described the first phosphorylations that enhance CLIP-170 rescue factor function in vivo. It also points out to which extent rescue mechanisms are complex and remain an elusive aspect of dynamic instability. JNK-mediated phosphorylation of CLIP-170 only partly explains the kinase effects on microtubule dynamics. Therefore, identifying other JNK targets that may regulate microtubule polymerization rate, remains to be addressed.