In this paper we use Astronomy as background and motivating element so that we approach concepts of optics, waves and contemporary Physics, using the cooperative learning Jigsaw methodology. Astronomy insertion is a potential learning motivator and through it we aim to construct a potentially significant didactic material. Therefore, we developed activities that use the concept of color and spectroscopy, which were presented concomitantly with traditional topics present in the curriculum. With the Jigsaw method, we have established collaborative groups for practical and theoretical activities. We emphasize that all of them have been idealized so as not to require the use of computers. The final products include a didactic sequence and materials for its application: 15 thematic cards for the Jigsaw application and two activities, one on spectra calibration and another on the Doppler effect in galaxies, where it is possible to observe the shift to red of lines in galaxies spectra obtained from astronomical databases. About the calibration activity, we provided all steps for the obtaining and treatment of the home spectra (including tutorial videos) and how to obtain standard values data spectral lines by a technical rules institute of the United States, aiming at replicability. During the lessons we promote the comparison between spectra coming from different light sources in order for us to discuss with the students stars light nature. This proposal’s three classes occurred in a public school in Aracaju city, Sergipe. Through students answers in the pre-test and in the post-test, both made without statistical purposes, as feedback to our practice, it was possible o notice improvement indications in correct answers quantity made possible by the activities described here, which suggests that the Jigsaw method is possible, if we do not get slightly better results through meaningful learning, at least the same learning occurs with a great gain to the interaction process among all the participants. These tests provided data regarding our practice, making it possible the discussion about methodological corrections. We could realize that the Jigsaw method, through its proposed social interaction, has demonstrated to be potential facilitator of significant learning and to aggregate learning process involved individuals. / Neste trabalho usamos a Astronomia como pano de fundo e elemento motivador para abordamos conceitos de óptica, ondulatória e Física contemporânea, usando a metodologia de aprendizagem cooperativa Jigsaw. A inserção da Astronomia é um potencial motivador da aprendizagem e através dela objetivamos construir um material didático potencialmente significativo. Para tanto, desenvolvemos atividades que se utilizam do conceito de cor e da espectroscopia, que foram apresentados concomitantemente com tópicos presentes na grade curricular tradicional do Ensino Médio. Com o método Jigsaw, estabelecemos grupos colaborativos para as atividades práticas e teóricas. Destacamos que todas as atividades foram idealizadas de forma a não necessitar do uso de computadores. Os produtos finais incluem uma sequência didática e materiais para sua aplicação: 15 cartões temáticos para a aplicação do Jigsaw e duas atividades, uma sobre a calibração de espetros eletromagnéticos e outra sobre o Efeito Doppler em galáxias, onde é possível observar o desvio para o vermelho de linhas em espectros de galáxias obtidos de bancos de dados astronômicos. Sobre a atividade de calibração, disponibilizamos todos os passos para a obtenção e tratamento dos espectros caseiros (incluindo vídeos tutoriais) e sobre como obter dados de valores padrões das raias espectrais disponibilizados por um instituto de normas técnicas dos Estados Unidos, visando sua replicabilidade. Durante as aulas promovemos a comparação entre espectros provenientes de diferentes fontes luminosas de modo a discutir com os alunos a natureza da luz advindas dos astros. As três aulas dessa proposta ocorreram em uma escola pública na cidade de Aracaju, Sergipe. Através das respostas dos estudantes no pré-teste e no pós-teste, feitos sem fins estatísticos, apenas como um feedback de nossa prática, foi possível notar indícios de melhora na quantidade de acertos possibilitadas pelas atividades aqui descritas, o que sugere que com o método Jigsaw é possível, se não obtivermos resultados ligeiramente melhores com a aprendizagem significativa, pelo menos obtem-se a mesma aprendizagem com um grande ganho para o processo de interação entre todos os participantes. Estes testes forneceram dados a respeito de nossa prática, possibilitando a discussão sobre correções metodológicas. Pudemos perceber que o método Jigsaw, através da interação social que propõe, demonstrou potencial facilitador da aprendizagem significativa e agregador entre os indivíduos envolvidos no processo de aprendizagem. / São Cristóvão, SE

The aim of this project was to explore the jigsaw-method as a teaching tool in English as a Second Language-classrooms, and to design and evaluate a jigsaw-style lesson that aims to promote student activation and communication. To achieve this goal, we conducted a case study in which we designed and tried out a jigsaw-style lesson in two classes. We then evaluated the lessons through a survey which was analysed using thematic content analysis. The results of the survey showed that the negative aspects voiced by the participants belonged to the two main themes Perceived difficulty and Perceived lack of time. Additionally, the participants made several suggestions for improvements which were identified as belonging to the following three themes: Predetermined groups (Based on skill), More time for each step of the lesson, and Pre-activity & Prior Knowledge. The results from the survey, in combination with a review of literature on second language teaching and prior research, was used to propose several changes to the lesson format as it was used in the case study. For example, we proposed the addition of a pre-reading exercise aimed at giving prior knowledge and activating schemas, as well as the addition of graphic organisers to help provide a clear focus to the different stages of the lesson. The proposed changes were aimed at alleviating the difficulties voiced by the participants in the case study. The changes were then applied to the case study lesson as an example.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eloiza Gomes.pdf: 2554084 bytes, checksum: 09fecf148bf436579c6ed9f5ea773217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-12 / The difficulties faced by students starting Engineering courses are usually linked to Mathematics disciplines. The need to prepare and motivate the student is part of a challenge to all involved in this process. The use of cooperative learning with its numerous techniques, contribute to the development of fundamental aspects of a future engineer as the understanding of the role of each individual in a work group, the development of the sense of responsibility and organization, the coexistence with different opinions, the constant learning from co-workers and the need to express themselves clearly. Studies show that understanding the thinking styles of the students can help teachers to offer a better quality instruction to maximize learning outcomes. Researches with elementary school students on styles of mathematical thinking, which are classified into visual, analytical and integrated thinking, show that understanding these styles can help the students to learn mathematics. Within this scenario, the main objective of this research is to identify and analyze ways in which cooperative learning strategy promotes the mobilization of different styles of mathematical thinking by engineering students. To this end we created an activity using the jigsaw method of cooperative learning, developed by Elliot Aronson, involving the study of lines in two and three-dimensional spaces and tested with students in the first year of Engineering School. The results show that this method could make changes in styles of mathematical thinking of some students. It was observed that only students who were initially classified belonging to the integrated or visual had changed their styles, moving to the analytical. It was noticed that the prevalence is the analytical mathematical thinking style, which in part may be a result of the influence exerted by the teacher on students, as this style is valued in the traditional model of education / As dificuldades enfrentadas pelos ingressantes nos cursos de Engenharia estão geralmente vinculadas às disciplinas da área de Matemática. A necessidade de preparar e motivar o aluno faz parte de um desafio colocado a todos os envolvidos neste processo. A utilização da aprendizagem cooperativa, com suas inúmeras técnicas, contribui para o desenvolvimento de aspectos fundamentais na formação do engenheiro, tais como: a compreensão do papel de cada indivíduo na realização de um trabalho em grupo, o desenvolvimento do senso de responsabilidade e organização, a convivência com opiniões distintas, o aprender constante com colegas de trabalho e a necessidade de se expressar claramente. Estudos mostram que compreender os estilos de pensamento dos alunos, pode auxiliar os professores a estabelecerem mudanças em sua prática de ensino no sentido de maximizar os resultados da aprendizagem. Pesquisas sobre estilos de pensamento matemático, que são classificados em visual, analítico e integrado, com alunos do ensino básico, mostram que conhecer tais estilos dos estudantes pode ajudar na aprendizagem da Matemática. Diante deste cenário, o objetivo principal dessa pesquisa é identificar e analisar em quais aspectos a estratégia de aprendizagem cooperativa propicia a mobilização dos diferentes estilos de pensamento matemático por estudantes de Engenharia. Para tanto criou-se uma atividade, utilizando o método jigsaw de aprendizagem cooperativa, desenvolvido por Elliot Aronson, envolvendo o estudo de retas nos espaços bi e tridimensionais, que foi trabalhada junto com os alunos ingressantes de um curso de Engenharia. Os resultados apontam que a utilização de tal método influenciou na mudança de estilos de pensamento matemático de alguns alunos. Observou-se que apenas estudantes que foram inicialmente classificados como pertencentes ao integrado ou visual tiveram seus estilos alterados, passando para o analítico. Percebeu-se que a predominância é do estilo de pensamento matemático analítico o que, em parte, pode ser consequência da influência exercida pelo professor sobre os alunos, uma vez que tal estilo é valorizado no modelo tradicional de ensino

This thesis examines the problem of the automated re-assembly of jigsaw puzzles. The objectives of this research are as follows: to provide a clear statement of the jigsaw puzzle re-assembly problem; to find out which solution technique is best suited to this problem; to determine the level of sensitivity of the proposed solution technique when solving different variations of this problem; and to explore solution methods for solving incomplete jigsaw puzzles (puzzles with missing pieces). The jigsaw puzzle re-assembly problem has been investigated only intermittently in the research literature. This work presents an extensive examination of the suitability and efficiency of the standard solution techniques that can be applied to this problem. A detailed comparison between different solution methods including Genetic Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, Tabu Search and Constraint Satisfaction Programming, shows that a constraint-based approach is the most efficient method of generating solutions to the jigsaw puzzle problem. The proposed re-assembly algorithm is successful. Consequently, it can be used in development of automated solution generators for other problems in the same domain, thus creating new theoretical and applied directions in this field of research. One potential theoretical line of research concerns jigsaw puzzles that do not have a complete set of puzzle pieces. These incomplete puzzles represent a difficult aspect of this problem that is outlined but can not be resolved in the current research. The computational experiments conducted in this thesis demonstrate that the proposed algorithm being optimised to re-assemble the jigsaw puzzles is not efficient when applied to the puzzles with missing pieces. Further work was undertaken to modify the proposed algorithm to enable efficient re-assembly of incomplete jigsaw puzzles. Consequently, an original heuristic strategy, termed Empty Slot Prediction, was developed to support the proposed algorithm, and proved successful when applied to certain sub-classes of this problem. The results obtained indicate that no one algorithm can be used to solve the multitude of possible scenarios involved in the re-assembly of incomplete jigsaw puzzles. Other variations of the jigsaw puzzle problem that still remain unsolved are presented as avenues for future research. The solution of this problem involves a number of procedures with significant applications in other computer-related areas such as pattern recognition, feature and shape description, boundary-matching, and heuristic modelling. It also has more practical applications in robotic vision and reconstruction of broken artefacts in archaeology.

The West Elk Breccia has been studied since the late 1800’s with many interpretations regarding its origin. One unrecognized possibility is that parts of it are debris-avalanche deposits. This study has recognized evidence for this interpretation at three scales: volcano scale, outcrop scale, and intra-outcrop scale. At the volcano scale, a scarp in the old volcano reveals underlying Mesozoic bedrock, suggesting sector collapse. At the outcrop scale, megablocks of the original edifice, up to hundreds of meters in length, have atypical orientations and are surrounded by a gravel matrix. At the intra-outcrop scale, jigsaw-fit fracturing and rip-up clasts are common in distal deposits, which are documented in analogous debris-avalanche deposits. Similar to the debris-avalanche deposit at Mt. Shasta, medial-to-distal-matrix volcaniclast content decreases by 23%; Paleozoic and Mesozoic clasts increase by 5%; and the size of megablocks decreases. The geochemical and petrographic signatures reveal breccia blocks composed of pyroxene-andesite, a more silicic matrix facies, and the andesitic-to-dacitic East Elk Creek Tuff, all compositions that corroborate previous work on this northern extension of the San Juan volcanic field. Measured sections in the 100-km² study area allow for an estimation of total formation volume of approximately 8.5 km3.

This study explores the challenge faced when an organization utilizes innovative knowledge management system to transfer internal best practice. The objective of this study is to explore what model should be employed by an organization to promote continual emergence of practical knowledge for knowledge workers as this kind of knowledge is deeply affected by situated factors when high tech engineers have high level of personalized knowledge and are embedded in practice. By qualitative case study methodology, this study adopts theoretical views of the nature of knowledge embeddedness and situated learning to explore the process of two semiconductor companies implementing management models to help engineers transfer their knowledge and experiences. Of these two companies, the ChipMaker is a supplier of semiconductor equipment. It inputs a set of system based knowledge model to transfer best maintenance practices of engineers by this system. While the other ChipTest company operates community oriented knowledge management model. After strict instructions, engineers regularly gather to share their experience and problems they faced. After theoretical and qualitative data analysis, this thesis study has three major study findings. First, the nature of situated knowledge is shown from the maintenance jobs of engineers. This kind of knowledge is personalized cognition and is embedded in work situation. Diversified deciphering situations are developed via irritation of work situations. The situated knowledge can only be emerged from social network based on situation development and impromptu dialog and action accompanying problem exploration. Second, many existing literatures and practical applications do not clarify the nature of knowledge embeddedness, but adopt "system based knowledge management model", which assumes that an organization can directly manage "knowledge" and acts of "knowledge workers". However, this study finds that the system can only manage "knowledge object" and is only applicable to problems of steady and simple situations. Furthermore, the system inclines to misleading engineers exchange superficial knowledge documents. In other words, "situated knowledge" most needed by engineers is the process of continual reproduction and potential transfer through social interaction, not a linear manner of direct transfer. Therefore, only situated learning can effectively share knowledge of embedded nature. Third, this study finds that an organization is not likely to manage "situated knowledge" that is emerged only from specific situation, but manages "social structure" to nourish knowing in practice . This dialog structures must have the following four features: 1. situated stimuli, 2. multidimensional situation link, 3. group identities, 4. collectively implied memories. Only with these features, members can be attracted to continually input activity energy to keep vitality of community interaction. Finally, from two cases of knowledge managements this study develops two kinds of knowledge management models ¡V "object style", i.e. big K and small m [Km], and "jigsaw style", i.e. small k and big M (kM) ¡V and suggests their theoretical and practical implications

The Diploma thesis is concerned with coupling of images. In the first part theoretical bases necessary for successful fulfilling of the assignment are described. The second part deals with the procedures that lead to composition of the jigsaw puzzle. The last part concentrates on controlling the program. The aim of the thesis is to propound an algorithm for solving a puzzle.

Abstract  Denna kunskapsöversikt har genomförts för att få svar på frågan “Vilka metoder för kooperativt lärande används i matematikundervisningen i Sverige samt resten av världen, och hur effektiva kan de vara?”. Översikten ser över flera olika metoder och koncept, dessa är; TPS, STAD, TAI, peer collaboration och Jigsaw. Även hur de används i de olika länderna som studierna gjorts i, undersöks. Dessa metoder och koncept valdes då flera studier satte dessa i fokus. Kunskapsöversikten ser även över ifall metoderna är effektivare än den traditionella undervisningen som används i dessa länder.  Kunskapsöversikten har utförts med hjälp av en sökprocess i sökmotorn “LibSearch”. Sökorden “cooperative learning” och “mathematics” har varit utgångspunkten för sökningar kring frågan. Även sökordet “methods” har använts när studier kring metoder i kooperativt lärande var viktigt att hitta.  Resultaten visar att kooperativt lärande samt deras metoder är mer effektiva än traditionell undervisning i matematik. Kooperativt lärande kan även delas in i två olika beskrivningar; ett metodfokuserat arbetssätt, som fokuserar på att använda den bästa metoden, och ett kooperativfokuserat, som fokuserar på att arbetsformen för eleverna uppfyller kravet för att ses som kooperativt. Länder som inte arbetat kooperativt men infört det får även en högre effekt än länder som redan har infört det, men skiftar metod. Det identifierades även att TAI och STAD var två metoder som fungerade bra i de klassrum där kooperativt lärande introducerades. Fortsatt jämförande av de två metodernas arbetssätt är något som kan forskas vidare om för att få ytterligare information om någon metod är den mest effektiva.  Nyckelord: Jigsaw, kooperativt lärande, peer collaboration, samarbete, STAD, Sverige, TAI, TPS

Denna studie har utförts för att besvara en problematik som upptäckts inom metoden för kooperativt lärande Jigsaw. Studien vill även undersöka hur svenska matematiklärare upplever hur det är att använda metoden samt hur de upplever metodens för- och nackdelar. Dessa upplevelser har fångats genom två semi-strukturerade intervjuer med två olika lärare. Dessa upplevelser har sedan jämförts med vad tidigare forskning kring metoden har funnit för att se om metoden är en effektiv metod för att bedriva kooperativt lärande inom matematik.    Datan från intervjuerna kodades och tematiserades för att ge en bild kring vad informanterna hade upplevt under testandet av metoden. Dessa teman summerades och presenterades sedan i ett resultat.   Resultatet som framkom, var att Jigsaw upplevdes vara en fungerande metod för matematikundervisning, och hade styrkor i att utveckla elevernas kommunikationsförmåga, dock så fanns den upptäckta problematiken, att information förvanskas mellan expertgrupp och hemgrupp i en viss utsträckning. Metoden upplevdes också kunna skapa problem med att ge eleverna möjlighet att kunna arbeta utifrån sina egna nivåer vid övergången från expertgrupp till hemgrupp.

No description available.