Die motivering vir die studie was die leemte aan en behoefte vir navorsing oor dubbelloopbaanhuwelike en tussenrolkonflik in Suid-Afrika. Die doelstelling was om vas te stel of daar 'n verband tussen tussenrolkonflik en werkstevredenheid by egpare in dubbelloopbaanhuwelike bestaan, en of eggenotes in sodanige huwelike tussenrolkonflik en werkstevredenheid verskillend ervaar. 'n Teoretiese ondersoek oor tussenrolkonflik en werkstevredenheid is gedoen. Die empiriese ondersoek het bestaan uit die meting van hierdie veranderlikes met behulp van Tussenrolkonflik- en Behoeftebevredigingsvraelyste. Die resultate toon aan dat daar geen statisties beduidende verbande tussen die veranderlikes bestaan nie. Daar bestaan ook geen statisties beduidende verskille tussen mans en vroue in dubbelloopbaanhuwelike ten opsigte van hul ervaring van tussenrolkonflik en werkstevredenheid nie. Die studie dra by tot 'n beter begrip van tussenrolkonflik in dubbelloopbaanhuwelike, en toon aan dat die Tussenrolkonflikvraelys betroubare resultate in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks kan lewer. Die resultate toon egter dat wyer, meer gesofistikeerde navorsing belangrik is. / In order to fill the gap in existing research on the topic, this study was undertaken to establish whether a relationship exists between interrole conflict and job satisfaction in married couples with full time careers, and whether these couples experience interrole conflict and job satisfaction differently. A theoretical study regarding interrole conflict and job satisfaction was undertaken. In the empirical study these variables were measured using Need Satisfaction and lnterrole Conflict Questionnaires. No statistically significant relationships were found between interrole conflict and job satisfaction; and no statistically significant differences exist between men and women with regard to their experience of job satisfaction and interrole conflict. The research contributes towards a better understanding of interrole conflict in dual career marriages, and indicates that the lnterrole Conflict Questionnaire can deliver reliable results in the South African context. However, the results show the importance of wider, more sophisticated research. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / MCOM (Bedrysielkunde)

Dissertation presented to the Faculty of Health at Durban University of Technology in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, 2008. / Aims and Objectives: To assess the demographics, career paths and factors affecting chiropractic graduates of Durban University of Technology (DUT) from June 1994 to June 2007. Method: A retrospective qualitative survey was conducted on 62 chiropractic graduates of DUT. The sample represented 25.5% of the total chiropractic population. Raw data regarding the demographics, respondents’ perception of their education, current career paths, the factors responsible for affecting these career paths, as well as a profile of chiropractic practices in South Africa (SA) was obtained. All data acquired was assessed using SAS (Statistical Analysis System) version 9.1.3. The data was purely descriptive, describing respondents’ career paths and their experiences, and no specific hypothesis was investigated. Results: The average respondent was found to be a married, white male who started his chiropractic career at age 25-26 years. A total of 98.4% (n = 61) of the respondents were currently in practice, with 80.6% (n = 50) indicating career satisfaction. The majority (62.9%; n = 39) of respondents perceived there to be a growing acceptance of chiropractic within the medical community, whilst 98.4% (n = 61) stated that they are currently part of an active referral system between various other medical practitioners. 46% (n = 23) listed DUT as their preferred choice of chiropractic institution. Conclusion and Recommendations: The majority of respondents’ indicated DUT as the preferred choice of chiropractic institution due to its location and the system of chiropractic taught (diversified). However, shortcomings in the education were highlighted to be a lack of practically applicable knowledge taught at undergraduate level, most especially business skills and speciality areas and that respondents’ perceived the qualification not to be as versatile and widely accepted as other international chiropractic qualifications. Factors responsible for positively affecting the career paths of chiropractic graduates were indicated to be the personality type of the graduate, the means to finance a practice, support from parents and spouse or partner and the level of acceptance graduates received from the public and other professions within the medical sector. A recommendation for future studies is that a longer time period be given for questionnaires to be returned and a larger sample group be established in order to ensure that the sample group and total population is homogenous.

Submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Technology: Management, Durban University of Technology, 2012. / It has become imperative for organisations to create family-friendly work-environments, where employees can effectively balance work and family life, in order to ensure employee satisfaction and increased productivity. A critical review of the quality of work life factors and organizational commitment literature was therefore conducted, in order to ascertain their psychometric applicability to knowledge workers within the Pulp and Paper industry in the greater eThekwini Metropolitan Area. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed to employees in the pulp and paper industry within the eThekwini metropolitan area. The employees were randomly selected, while the organisations were stratified selected. A questionnaire was used to measure the different dimensions of quality of work life factors as well as the different dimensions of organisational commitment. The gathered data was processed through an SPSS program. A number of statistical tests were then performed on the collected data, where biographical variables were compared with the independent variables. The questionnaire was considered moderately reliable because the overall coefficient alpha was 0.525. The Pearson’s value indicated that there was a positive relationship at 0.01 level of significance between the majority of the quality of work factors (organizational climate, task characteristics, job satisfaction, role behaviour, utilization and future orientation) and the organisational commitment. No relationship was found between remuneration and organizational commitment. There was no significant difference in organizational commitment across the biographical variables of marital status, age, length of service and span of control. There was, however, a significant difference in organizational commitment across different levels of education. The Analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant difference in organizational commitment across marital status group. There was however a significant difference in organizational commitment across length of service. There was a significant difference I organizational commitment across supervisory span of control. The results from the hierarchical multiple regression indicated that with the exception of age, education and experience, all other demographics variables do not have an impact on affective commitment. The results also indicated that age, education and experience had an impact on continuance commitment. Similarly, age and education contribute significantly to normative commitment. The structural equation model comparative technique was performed to all constructed models and indicated that all models had a good fit in relation to the data based on the GFI. The best-fitting model for consequences demonstrated that organisational citizenship behaviour and procedural justice were important variables. Apart from that, affective, continuance and normative commitment were also found to be part of the model.

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Technology: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2013. / Leadership is defined as a process by which an individual attempts to influence other group members towards achieving group goals. Leadership is also viewed as a process which people use to bring out the best in themselves and others. National culture is said to play a pivotal role in determining the effectiveness of leadership styles. Literature on leadership identifies transformational leadership, transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership as the three common leadership styles in the current climate, with transformational leadership and transactional leadership being the most dominant. Literature suggests that an employee’s job satisfaction is strongly influenced by leadership style. Current leadership styles are related to job satisfaction by varying degrees. Several studies have indicated that transformational leadership results in higher levels of job satisfaction than transactional or laissez-faire leadership. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and employee job satisfaction levels within the organisation. A quantitative study was conducted to accomplish the objectives of the study. Questionnaires were administered to employees within the selected target population in the organisation. The data received were analysed using statistical packages. The results of the study show that there are statistically significant relationships between overall transactional leadership and job satisfaction, overall transformational leadership and job satisfaction and laissez-faire leadership and job satisfaction. However, two attributes of transformational leadership best explain job satisfaction. Intellectual stimulation contributed most to explaining job satisfaction, followed by individualised consideration. The remaining attributes of transformational leadership, transactional leadership and laissez-faire contribution to job satisfaction.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology in Nursing. Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / INTRODUCTION A four-year diploma nursing programme undertaken by the KwaZulu-Natal College of Nursing provides training to students to become professional nurses. However, it has been noted that absenteeism of student nurses enrolled in this programme has increased. Absenteeism could result in demotion, extension of training or termination of students from the programme. This would result in fewer student nurses completing training and therefore a shortage of professional nurses. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to determine the causes and effects of absenteeism amongst student nurses that are currently registered for a four-year diploma programme (R425) in the KwaZulu-Natal College of Nursing (KZNCN). METHODOLOGY A quantitative method was used, which comprised two phases, namely, data collection through the use of a self-administered questionnaire and a retrospective record review. Simple random sampling was used to select students from the peri-urban Midlands and rural uGu districts. Stratified random sampling of 301 student nurses at different levels of training from the three campuses was done. A total of 301 questionnaires were distributed to participants; all were returned, resulting in a 100% response rate. During a retrospective record review student records were examined to assess clinical and theoretical performance of students. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS The results of the study revealed that students experienced problems in the clinical/practical areas that resulted in them absenting themselves. There were 14 terminations of training due to absenteeism. Student nurses who did not absent themselves obtained entry to the examination, whilst students with excessive absenteeism did not obtain entry to the examination.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / The nature of work and its organisation has interest managers, economists and social scientists for as long as people have been employed by others to engage in productive activity. Managers have largely been interested in maximising output from available resources. During the last decade one approach has risen to outstanding popularity in this context: Total Quality Management. Total Quality Management is regarded as an approach which combines the technical and managerial side of management. Whereas the technical side of quality management is very much dependant on statistical control processes, the managerial side is more concerned with the people involved. A main focus point of this research report is the human side of quality management. By conducting an in depth literature review the author found that the human aspect of quality management had a great impact on the successful of quality assurance programmes. In this context the variable of motivation and satisfaction are reviewed in detail. It was discovered that the success of a business is largely dependent upon the ability of leaders to motivate workers to achieve the highest results. All leaders should understand motivation theory so that they can help ensure the success of their workplace. Only by taking into account the human aspects of an organisation and especially in the context of quality management programmes, the success of an organisation in the rapidly changing and extremely demanding times can be assured.

Titel: Har chefer slutat lyssna? – en studie om kommunikationstillfredsställelse och chefers aktiva lyssnande. Nivå: Examensarbete för kandidatexamen i företagsekonomi. Författare: Michel Barjakob, Mathias Johansson. Handledare: Kristina Mickelsson, Pär Vilhelmson. Datum: 2016 - januari Syfte: I denna studie vill vi söka en djupare förståelse för chefers aktiva lyssnande och hur det formar medarbetarnas kommunikationstillfredsställelse. Metod: Då studiens syfte är att skapa en djupare förståelse i chefers aktiva lyssnande så har vi utfört en kvalitativ forskning. Data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio anställda från en ledande elektronikkedja i Gävle. Materialet har analyserats genom tematisering och presenterats med resultaten. Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar att chefer bör ha en tillräckligt hög kommunikationskompetens för att veta när ett aktivt lyssnande ska tillämpas eller ej. Chefers kommunikationskompetens formar de anställdas kommunikations-tillfredsställelse samtidigt som det framkommit att chefer inte är medvetna om det aktiva lyssnandet i tillräcklig utsträckning. Förslag till vidare forskning: Studien har varit djupgående med sin kvalitativa forskning och ligger som grund till vårt förslag till vidare forskning. Deltagarna i denna studie har efterfrågat en uppföljning av det aktiva lyssnandet. Ett ytterligare förslag till vidare forskning är en undersökning efter det aktiva lyssnandets avspegling på företagsresultat. Uppsattsens bidrag: Bidraget till studiens målgrupp syftar till det tomrum som lokaliserats samt besvarats. En teoretisk modell har skapats med hjälp av tidigare forskning som kartlägger begrepp inom kommunikation och tillfredsställelse. Det praktiska bidraget syftar till chefer då kunskap inom aktivt lyssnande kan hjälpa chefer att kommunicera med sina medarbetare. Nyckelord: kommunikationskompetens, aktivt lyssnande, kommunikationstillfredsställelse, arbetstillfredsställelse, forma. / Title: Har chefer slutat lyssna? – en studie om kommunikationstillfredsställelse och chefers aktiva lyssnande. Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration. Author: Michel Barjakob, Mathias Johansson. Supervisor: Kristina Mickelsson, Pär Vilhelmson. Date: 2016 – january Aim: In this study we aim to create a deeper understanding in supervisors active listening and how it shapes employees communication satisfaction. Method: Due to the aim of the study, which is to create a deeper understanding in supervisors active listening, we have conducted a qualitative research. Data has been gathered through semi-structured interviews with ten employees from a leading electronic store and was conducted in Gävle.  Result & conclusions: The study show that supervisors must possess enough communication competence to know when active listening should be used. Supervisors communication competence shapes the employees communication satisfaction meanwhile most supervisors lack knowledge in active listening. Suggestions for future research: Our suggestions for future research are based on this study’s qualitative research. The participants have requested a follow-up of the active listening. A further recommendation for further research is to examine the impact active listening has on company results. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes by filling the gap we found in our research area. A theoretical model was developed based on previous research, which helped find and localize communication and satisfaction and its components. The practical contribution is aimed towards supervisors hoping to receive knowledge in active listening to help them communicate with their co-workers. Key words: communication competence, active listening, communication satisfaction, job satisfaction, shape.

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The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a shared leadership for the employees perception of job satisfaction and how employees perceive the social support and communication from managers as part of a shared leadership. Shared leadership means that two or more managers share the role which the traditional manager usually holds. Research indicated that shared leadership can generate both positive and negative effects for employees on the experience of good communication and social support. To create job satisfaction, research has shown that communication and social support are two basic and important factors (Heide, Johansson & Simonsson, 2012; Charoensukmongkol, Moqbel & Gutierrez-Wirsching, 2016). The study was conducted in public organization which uses the concept of shared leadership. A qualitative methodology based on semi-structured group interviews have been applied with eight employees. The result of the study indicated that the employees experienced both good and open communication, between them and their managers. It also showed that the employees felt that their managers was available to them. The result indicated that communication in turn affected employees perception of a strong social support. Which led to strengthen the relations between managers and employees, and generated the feeling of job satisfaction. The conclusion of the study indicated that shared leadership contributed to positive effects on employees' sense of job satisfaction. / Syftet med studien var att få kunskap om vilka effekter ett delat ledarskap innebär för medarbetarnas upplevelse av arbetstillfredsställelse. Studiens frågeställningar var hur medarbetarna upplever det sociala stödet och kommunikationen från cheferna som ingår i ett delat ledarskap. Delat ledarskap innebär att två eller flera chefer delar på rollen som en traditionellt ensam chef vanligtvis innehar. Forskning har påvisat att delat ledarskap kan generera både positiva som negativa effekter på medarbetarnas upplevelse av en god kommunikation och ett bra socialt stöd. För att skapa arbetstillfredsställelse har forskningen visat på att kommunikation och socialt stöd är två grundläggande och viktiga faktorer (Heide, Johansson & Simonsson, 2012; Charoensukmongkol, Moqbel & Gutierrez-Wirsching, 2016). Studien har utförts inom offentlig organisation där enhetschefer använder sig av konceptet delat ledarskap. En kvalitativ metod som bygger på semistrukturerade gruppintervjuer med enhetschefernas åtta närmsta medarbetare har tillämpats. Kommunikationen framgår i resultatet som bra och öppen samt att medarbetarna upplever att deras enhetschefer är tillgängliga för dem. Kommunikationen i sin tur påverkar medarbetarnas upplevelse av ett starkt socialt stöd. Det leder vidare till att stärka relationerna mellan parterna samt frambringar känslan av arbetstillfredsställelse. Slutsatsen visar på att det delade ledarskapet som enhetscheferna ingår i, bidrar till positiva effekter på medarbetarnas känsla av arbetstillfredsställelse.

This thesis empirically examines the career orientations inventory (COI) as a measure of career anchors and then, using this measure, it goes on to investigate the relationship between career anchor congruence and work related outcomes, specifically job satisfaction and organisational commitment. The psychometric properties of the 40 item COI (presented by Igbaria and Baroudi, 1993) were explored by the administration of the measure to a sample of 658 individuals from 27 organisations in the UK. Through factor analysis an eight factor structure was demonstrated in line with that proposed by Schein (1993). The factor structure was replicated with a second sample. The COI demonstrated good levels of internal consistency (.59-.83) and test retest reliability (.68-.90). Similarly it was deemed to have acceptable levels of face validity and construct validity when compared to Mantech’s (1983) Work Values Questionnaire (WVQ). An analysis of the prevalence of career anchors and the demographic differences within the current sample was undertaken. This analysis provided evidence to suggest that certain career anchors may be increasing in prevalence while others are decreasing. These findings are in line with current research on the way in which workplace changes are impacting upon careers (Baruch, 2004). Evidence was found that indicated gender differences in scores on the COI subscales. Specifically women were found to score higher on the lifestyle anchor and men to score higher on the general management anchor. Differences were also found between the age groups considered in this study in the general management, creativity, pure challenge and lifestyle anchors. Interaction effects for age and gender were found for the general management and sense of service anchors. The COI was then used to develop a commensurate measure of job career anchors. This job career anchor measure discriminated between jobs within one police organisation. The measure was then used to explore the relationship between career anchors, career anchor congruence (congruence between individual and job career anchors), job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Evidence was found to suggest that career anchors and career anchor congruence have a direct effect on job satisfaction (predicting 10% and 4% of the variance respectively). The analysis also showed support for the role of career anchor congruence as a moderator to the relationship between career anchors and job satisfaction. This thesis makes full consideration of the academic contributions and practical implications of the research presented whilst also considering its limitations. A number of suggestions for the direction of future research have been made.