In this article, the author describes the problems that come through the Peruvian shipping companies because of misinterpretations made by the tax authority about the scope of the Law for reactivation and promotion of the National Merchant Marine; to harmful tax collection procedures and poor debt settlement system controversies between taxpayers and the Tax Administration. / En el presente artículo, el autor describe los problemas por los que viene atravesando las empresas navieras peruanas debido a las equivocadas interpretaciones que realiza la Administración Tributaria acerca de los alcances de la Ley de reactivación y promoción de la Marina Mercante Nacional; a los perjudiciales procedimientos de cobranza de deudas tributarias, y al deficiente sistema de solución de controversias suscitadas entre los contribuyentes y la Administración Tributaria.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Oliveira Chaves.pdf: 560361 bytes, checksum: 4f583a4b71723fc8717c83ce319997c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the midst of the evolution from the Liberal State to the Social Democratic State, the collective legal relations and the emergence of the so called "new" rights, the State's duty is no longer of merely declaring rights, It became a agent of execution of these, assuming or intervening in the social and economic life of its citizens. The society previously linked to individual values started to contemplate the collective, with the necessary incorporation of new procedurals arrangements; the establishment of instruments that enable the expansion of justice access, and especially, the hanneling of collective action in the judicial sphere. One of the most prominent of these instruments is the Public Civil Action, a procedural technique that offers greater advantages to the legal protection of the environment, with especial concern to the prevention of damage to its quality, as well as restore what may have already been degraded; and the constant purpose of maintaining an ecologically balanced environment for present and future generations. For that, the use of preventive and swift legal instruments like the anticipated tutelage in the inhibitory action, by the general public, is essential. / Com a evolução do Estado Liberal até o Estado Democrático Social, bem como as relações jurídicas de "massa" e o surgimento dos chamados "novos" direitos, a função do Estado deixa de ser apenas a de mero declarante dos direitos, tornando-se agente realizador destes, inclusive assumindo ou intervindo na vida econômica e social das pessoas. A sociedade até então ligada a valores individuais passou a contemplar o coletivo, incorporando-se, necessariamente, novos mecanismos processuais para tal fim; com a criação de instrumentos que têm por intuito a ampliação do acesso à justiça e, principalmente, a canalização de conflitos coletivos para o âmbito judicial. Dentre os mais relevantes está a Ação Civil Pública, técnica processual que maior vantagens oferece à proteção jurisdicional do meio ambiente, com a preocupação precípua de evitar prejuízo à sua qualidade, assim como, restaurar as que porventura já tiverem sido objeto de degradação; sempre voltado ao fim maior que é a manutenção de um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado para as atuais e futuras gerações. Para tanto, faz-se necessário o uso de instrumentos processuais que permitam ao cidadão o uso de medidas céleres e preventivas, como é o caso da tutela inibitória antecipada.

Le mandataire judiciaire à la protection des majeurs (MJPM) intervient dans la vie d’autrui par décision de justice. Entre un cadrage de cette mission par des textes de loi et le face-à-face avec le majeur vulnérable, comment incarne-t-il sa mission de protection ? Et plus encore, quels sont les débats et les choix qui lui sont propres pour l’accomplir ? C’est par une approche qui articule l’ergologie et l’interaction langagière que nous observons sa pratique professionnelle au regard de la notion d’activité. Des entretiens avec des MJPM et avec leur direction, puis des observations directes de temps d’échange MJPM-majeur protégé apportent un éclairage nouveau sur la mission de protection. La relation humaine sous ce cadre juridique et dans la confrontation à la vulnérabilité est privilégiée. La pratique des MJPM est traversée de trois axes qui se croisent : l’autorité de justice, la vulnérabilité et l’autonomie à favoriser telle que la Réforme de la protection du 5 mars 2007 l’a introduite dans son cadre législatif. Les débats de normes avec leurs valeurs centrales partent de ce point nodal pour le MJPM. En conséquence, cette recherche les fait ressortir tantôt comme contenu de réflexion, tantôt comme besoin de formation pour mieux remplir sa mission. / Subsequent to court decision, authorized representatives (MJPMs) intervene in the lives of vulnerable adults ostensibly to ensure their protection. When contemplating statutory legislation and one-to-one interaction with vulnerable person/s, the central question is: How do MJPMs enact their perceived protection missions? Questions surround both debate and the choices proposed, and the strategies employed by authorized representatives when implementing the requisite protection policies. Professional practice investigates the notion of activity via a combination of ergology and language interaction. Interviews with MJPMs and their managers, and field observation of the interaction between MJPMs and protected adults elucidated the reality of the mission of protection. Priority is given to the human relationship institutionalized through a legal framework and confrontation with vulnerability. MJPM practices are crossed by three axes that have been identified and which intersect each other, i.e., the authority of the judiciary, vulnerability, and the self-autonomy of the protected person according to the legal reform of 5 March 2007. For the MJPM, debate surrounding the perceived norms, together with some main values, starts from this nodal point. The purpose of this study is not only to explicate and emphasize these values, but to underscore their value as training needs for the better fulfillment of the MJPMs’ mission.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigo_ferreira_santos.pdf: 785696 bytes, checksum: f15410e4bd0e903ad02ff469282b3e5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 / The ownership of public property is the subject that, although of great importance, has not been parsed with the necessary care by doctrine and national courts. This study start of an essential distinction between the various kinds of public buildings, that guides the analysis of possession and its consequences. Possession will exist whenever there is factual power over good, provided there is no pre delete warning clause of jurisdicidade. In a second step, evaluates the effectiveness of ownership over that property public, taking into account the characteristics of the possession and the subjects involved. Existing ownership, its consequences (legal effect) will vary according to the class to which that public good fits and this condition will affect the judicial protection of ownership. You can't conceive a wayward material law possessory supervision that governs the situation being addressed. In the case of dominicias, it is possible a full guardianship of private ownership, which inexistirá in the case of goods of special use. / A posse dos bens públicos é tema que, embora de grande relevância, não tem sido analisado com o necessário cuidado pela doutrina e pelos tribunais do país. No presente estudo, parte-se de uma distinção essencial entre as diversas espécies de bens públicos, o que norteia a análise da posse e de suas consequências. A posse existirá sempre que houver poder fático sobre o bem e desde que não exista cláusula de pré-exclusão de jurisdicidade. Configurada a posse, avalia-se a eficácia da posse sobre aquele bem público, tendo em conta as características da posse e os sujeitos envolvidos. Existindo posse, suas consequências (efeitos jurídicos) variarão conforme a classe a que aquele bem público se enquadre, e essa circunstância afetará a tutela jurisdicional da posse. Não se pode conceber uma tutela possessória desgarrada do direito material que rege a situação a ser tutelada. No caso dos bens dominicas, é possível uma tutela completa da posse do particular, o que inexistirá no caso dos bens de uso especial.

This dissertation deals with judicial review of governmental action and individual legal activism. It investigates whether judicial protection of individual rights and individual legal activism, within the field of public law, can be seen as an alternative or complement to electoral control of political and administrative powers. To discuss the effect of various standing rules and the potential societal function of public law adjudication, a model for analyzing the character of public law adjudication has been developed. The model allows for a characterization of public law adjudication as either Liberal or Republican, depending on features of standing rules, court proceedings, and court decisions. It concludes that judicial protection of individual rights and individual legal activism within the field of public law can be seen as an alternative or complement to electoral control of political and administrative powers, especially when public trust in, and the powers of, the legislative assembly and political parties is low and decreasing, and if the preconditions for individual legal activism are of such a character that access to justice is available to the larger public and not only a limited group of advantaged individuals. This theoretical framework is then used to analyse judicial protection of individual rights and individual legal activism in post-Socialist Russia. The results show that the Russian state is best described as authoritarian and that the traditional principal-agent relationship is weak. Thus, in order to strengthen the individual in relation to the state, alternatives for exercising control and participation are required. An analysis of the legislative framework, i.e., the law as it is laid down in the books, shows that Russian administrative law is rights-based and that the character of Russian public law adjudication is closer to the Republican model than the Liberal. However, the Russian support structure is still weak and finds itself in an increasingly inhospitable environment – legally, financially, and politically. In addition, this dissertation concludes that Russia’s membership in the CoE has had an impact on judicial protection of individual rights within the sphere of public law in terms of: improving the legislative framework; developing Russian court jurisprudence referring to the ECHR and to the jurisprudence of the ECtHR; exerting pressure on the Russian state to improve practices of the state bureaucracy; stimulating individual legal activism, and increasing individuals’ knowledge and awareness of their lawful rights and how to implement them.

Procedural aspects of mediation in EC law Eva Rivera, 2011 1 Abstract The objective of this dissertation is the determination of the significance of procedural aspects of mediation and the answer to the question to what extent it has been considered within European Union law. The research is based on the assumption that the acknowledgment of a procedural relevance of mediation is crucial for its overall effectiveness. Mediation is besides its feature as a communication technique becoming ever more important as a dispute resolution procedure for civil and commercial conflicts in Europe. In this context the role of mediation within and in relation to other procedures for the resolution of disputes has to be considered. While on one hand the terminology and the differences between mediation and other forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as well as certain judicial attempts of settling disputes may not always be easily determined, on the other hand, it can be stated that the ADR form of mediation is beyond its early stages and clearly shows its own procedural relevance. The comparison of European national jurisdictions in the field of mediation leads to a core definition of mediation as a voluntary process where a third person without the authority to pass a binding decision over the dispute between...

Die Arbeit soll zeigen, dass es zu einer breiteren Durchsetzung von Schadensersatzansprüchen wegen kartellrechtswidrigem Verhalten eines eigenständigen Informationsanspruchs des Rechtsanwalts als Organ der Rechtspflege gegenüber der EU-Kommission und den deutschen Kartellbehörden bedarf, und zwar sowohl aus tatsächlicher Notwendigkeit, als auch auf Grund europarechtlicher und grundgesetzlicher Vorgaben. Anhand des europarechtlichen Effektivitätsgrundsatzes aus Art. 4 Abs. 3 EUV und des Rechts auf effektiven Rechtsschutz aus Art. 47 der EU-Grundrechtecharta bzw. des Justizgewährungsanspruchs als Ausfluss des Rechtsstaatsprinzips, Art. 20 Abs. 3 GG, wird erörtert, wie ein solcher Anspruch mindestens beschaffen sein muss. Die Untersuchung bestehender, sekundärrechtlicher und einfachgesetzlicher Dokumentenzugangs-, Auskunfts- und Akteneinsichtsansprüche ergibt, dass bereits nach geltender Rechtslage dem Rechtsanwalt ein Informationsanspruch gegenüber der Europäischen Kommission und den deutschen Kartellbehörden zusteht. Die Interpretation der betreffenden Tatbestände nimmt hierbei die europarechtlichen und grundgesetzlichen Vorgaben auf und bewegt sich im Rahmen zulässiger Auslegung. Daneben wird ein Vorschlag unterbreitet, wie der Informationsanspruch über die Mindestvorgaben hinaus ausgestaltet werden könnte. / The work reveals that a for a better private enforcement of competition law in the form of damages claims an independent right of information vis-à-vis the EU-Commission and the German Cartel Authorities for an attorney without a client and a mandate is needed. This need not only derives from the factual necessity but also from European primary law and the German Grundgesetz. In light of the European principle of effectiveness, Article 4 para. 3 TEU, and the right to effective judicial protection, Article 47 EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and Article 20 para. 3 German Grundgesetz respectively, the author develops the right and its boundaries. The examination of information rights and rights to access documents in EU secondary law and German law then shows that an independent right of information and access to documents for an attorney without a client and a mandate already exists if the law is interpreted in accordance with the EU primary law and the German Grundgesetz. The author further develops a recommendation as to how such an information right could be extended beyond its core that is determined by EU primary law and the German Grundgesetz.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Lamonica Bovino.pdf: 1475782 bytes, checksum: cb43960199a251d7a0b457dba14fb964 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / This thesis main objective, already under the Law 13.105/2015, is to propose pure preventive inhibitory or mandatory protection on threat of the illegal act and of abuse of rights. We seek to frame the intention of committing an abuse of rights as the foundation of inhibitory or mandatory individual judicial protection. The challenges are based on the framework of the illegal act despite the actual existence of damage, through the evidence of the intention of the exercise clearly beyond the limits imposed by economic or social order for the good faith or the good morals that the rule imposes, ending the race the probability of the right and the danger of harm or risk to the fruitful result of the process, as the basis of the request for early or injunctive interim injunction. The new Code of Civil Procedure (NCPC) which will come into force on March 16, 2016 (Law 13105 of March 16, 2015), deals with court injunctions guardianships the sole paragraph of Article 497, stating that the action that has the engaged in providing do or not do, the judge if the relief sought, grant specific protection to deter, prevent the repetition or even seeking the removal of illegal (not to be confused with prevention) regardless of the demonstration of the occurrence of damage or of fault or willful misconduct. As it turns out , the legislator has standardized , albeit not fully fit in our view, the three (3) categories of inhibitory: a) preventive inhibitory (also known as pure inhibitory protection); b) inhibitory protection to stop the repetition e c) inhibitory protection to stop the continuation of the illegal act. We feels the convenience of adoption of preventive inhibitory or mandatory protection as an autonomous differentiated judicial protection, not just one of the possible inhibitory effect of the sentence currently treated in Chapter XIII of Title I of Book I of the New Civil Procedure Code (NCPC). We suggest the adoption of inhibitory technique as an autonomous differentiated judicial protection, proposing legislative changes to the NCPC which will come into force on March 16, 2016 / A tese tem por objeto central, desenvolvido sob a perspectiva da Lei 13.105/2015, tratar da tutela judicial inibitória do ato ilícito e também diante da ameaça de abuso de direito. Buscamos enquadrar a intenção de praticar um abuso de direito como fundamento da tutela individual judicial inibitória. Os desafios partem do enquadramento do ato ilícito à despeito da existência efetiva de dano, passando pela prova da intenção do exercício manifestamente fora dos limites impostos pelo fim econômico ou social, pela boa-fé ou pelos bons costumes que a norma impõe, encerrando na prova da probabilidade do direito e o perigo de dano ou o risco ao resultado útil do processo, enquanto fundamento do pedido de tutela provisória antecipada ou cautelar. O novo código de processo civil (NCPC) que entrará em vigor no dia 16 de março de 2016 (Lei 13.105 de 16 de março de 2015), trata das tutelas inibitórias judiciais no parágrafo único do art. 497, dispondo que na ação que tenha por objeto a prestação de fazer ou de não fazer, o juiz, se procedente o pedido, concederá a tutela específica destinada a inibir, impedir a reiteração ou mesmo buscar a remoção do ilícito (esta última que não se confunde com a prevenção), independentemente da demonstração da ocorrência de dano ou da existência de culpa ou dolo. Como se vê, o legislador normatizou, ainda que de forma não plena a nosso ver, as 3 (três) categorias de tutela inibitória: a) tutela preventiva do ato ilícito (também conhecida como tutelar inibitória pura); b) tutela impeditiva da reiteração do ilícito e c) tutela impeditiva da continuação do ato ilícito. Entendemos que a tipicidade das ações inibitórias judiciais, matéria bastante debatida pela doutrina, poderia ter sido melhor explorada do ponto de vista. Inserida no capítulo que trata do cumprimento de sentença, nos parece que o legislador perdeu uma boa oportunidade de tipificar a ação inibitória ao invés de tratar no Capítulo XIII do Título I do Livro I apenas dos possíveis efeitos inibitórios da sentença. Defendemos a conveniência da adoção das ações inibitórias judiciais enquanto tutela jurisdicional diferenciada autônoma, e não apenas um dos possíveis efeitos inibitórios da sentença tratado atualmente no Capítulo XIII do Título I do Livro I do Novo Código de Processo Civil (NCPC). Sugerimos a adoção da técnica inibitória enquanto tutela jurisdicional diferenciada autônoma, propondo alteração legislativa no NCPC que entrará em vigor em 16 de março de 2016

Les événements intervenus dans certains pays arabes depuis la fin de l’année 2011 ont montré le manque juridique dans ces pays à l’égard des textes juridiques régissant les droits et leurs garanties constitutionnelles et judiciaires. Ces événements ont montré également la nécessité de renforcer les garanties des droits énoncés dans les textes constitutionnels et le besoin de mettre en place des mécanismes capables d’assurer leur respect par tous. Ceci a poussé plusieurs pays à effectuer des réformes constitutionnelles ou de réécriture de nouvelles constitutions afin de répondre aux revendications populaires. Pour comprendre la situation des droits et leurs garanties dans les constitutions arabes, il convient d’étudier, dans un premier temps, les garanties normatives des droits. L’objectif est d’examiner l’existence constitutionnelle des droits dans les Etats car avant même de s'interroger sur leur contenu et leur garantie effective, il faut déjà s'assurer qu'il s'agit bien de normes juridiques. Le principe de la séparation des pouvoirs, qui est un des piliers de l’Etat de droit, mérite d’être examiné dans les pays arabe comme un élément inséparable des garanties des droits dans la Constitution. Dans un second temps, il convient de mettre en exergue le rôle du juge arabe en matière de protection des droits car la proclamation des droits à elle seule ne saurait suffire à assurer la garantie des droits contre les menaces pesant sur eux, mais, Il faut qu'on lui enjoigne la protection. C'est le juge donc qui a le pouvoir de constater les violations de la règle de droit et le cas échéant, de les sanctionner afin d'assurer le respect du droit. Dans ce cadre, on peut envisager deux types de sanctions juridictionnels, par le juge constitutionnel et par le juge judiciaire / The events that took place recently in some Arab countries since the end of 2011 showed the legal shortcomings in these countries with regard to the legal texts governing the rights and their constitutional and judicial guarantees. These events also showed the need to strengthen the guarantees of the rights set forth in the constitutional texts, the need to develop mechanisms to ensure respect by all. This has prompted several countries to make constitutional reforms or rewrite new constitutions in order to respond to popular demands. To understand the situation of rights and their guarantees in Arab constitutions, it is necessary to study, as a first step, the normative guarantees of rights. The objective is to examine the constitutional existence of the rights in the States because even before questioning their contents and their effective guarantee, one must already make sure that they are indeed legal norms. The principle of the separation of powers, which is one of the pillars of the rule of law, deserves to be examined in the Arab countries as an inseparable element of the guarantees of rights in the Constitution. In a second step, the role of the Arab judge in the protection of rights should be highlighted because the proclamation of rights alone is not enough to guarantee the rights against the threats against them, but let him be protected. It is therefore the judge who has the power to find violations of the rule of law and, if necessary, to punish them in order to ensure respect for the law. In this context, two types of judicial sanctions can be envisaged, by the constitutional judge and the judicial judge

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glaucia Aparecida da Silva Faria Lamblem.pdf: 2271311 bytes, checksum: be1bc1c1a74499329e4bf9e0509e173f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / This study has the purpose of examining the limits of applicability of the procedural rules of the Code of Civil Procedure related to the execution of sentence in class action lawsuits. This is done through a reinterpretation of the constitutional principles of the process, from the perspective of maximum effectiveness of collective judicial protection because of the own protected material right. Considering that the effectiveness of judicial protection is closely connected to the implementation of judicial decisions, the topic is addressed in the context of execution of sentence in class actions for protection of diffuse, collective, and homogeneous individual rights. It is highlighted the judge's role in the fair adequacy of such rules to the concrete case. The study of execution of sentence under the collective jurisdiction is justified, since this leads the judicial decision to an end, being able to assess the practical impact of judicial protection. In this sense, the mass society and conflicts arising from it, allows violation to a plurality of rights, involving large numbers of subjects, thus requiring legal responses in accordance with the complexity of the factual situation. It is taken into account that the judicial response should not adhere to generic directions, requiring, therefore, the effective implementation of its controls, otherwise giving rise to the ineffectiveness of judicial protection. The theme of execution of sentence, interpreted in a broad sense, as all judicial decisions, shows fertile ground to scale the role of the judge and the influence of the executive mechanisms available on existing standards for the effectiveness of collective judicial protection. The examination of integrative rules of collective procedural microsystem, combined with those of the Code of Civil Procedure relating to the enforcement of court decisions and being in line with the constitutional principles of the process enables a true adequacy of the executive procedure in class actions such as to provide the effectiveness of collective judicial protection. In this context, the judge s role is essential to the effectiveness of judicial protection, not being limited to enforce the law and pronounce judgment on the merits, but to the exercise of a power of execution aimed to give effect to his/her own decisions / O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar os limites da aplicabilidade das normas procedimentais do Código de Processo Civil pertinentes à execução de sentença às ações coletivas, a partir de uma releitura dos princípios constitucionais do processo, sob a ótica da máxima efetividade da tutela jurisdicional coletiva, em razão do próprio direito material tutelado. Considerando que a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional está intimamente ligada à concretização das decisões judiciais, o tema é abordado no âmbito das execuções de sentença coletiva para tutela de direitos difusos, coletivos e direitos individuais homogêneos, destacando a atuação do juiz na justa adequação dessas regras ao caso concreto. Justifica-se o estudo da execução de sentença no âmbito da jurisdição coletiva, uma vez que esta leva a termo a decisão judicial podendo aquilatar a repercussão concreta da tutela jurisdicional. Neste sentido, a sociedade de massa e os conflitos dela decorrentes, possibilitam a lesão a uma pluralidade de direitos, envolvendo um grande número de sujeitos, requerendo, portanto, respostas judiciais condizentes com a complexidade da situação de fato. Leva-se em consideração que a resposta judicial não deve ficar estagnada a comandos genéricos, exigindo-se, portanto, a implementação efetiva dos seus comandos, sob pena de inefetividade da tutela jurisdicional. A temática da execução de sentença, entendida esta de forma ampla, como toda decisão judicial, mostra-se um terreno fértil para dimensionar o papel do juiz e a influência dos mecanismos executivos disponibilizados nas normas existentes para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional coletiva. O exame das normas integrativas do microssistema processual coletivo, conjugadas com aquelas do Código de Processo Civil atinentes à execução de sentença, em consonância com os princípios constitucionais do processo permite uma verdadeira adequação do procedimento executivo nas ações coletivas de tal forma a conferir a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional coletiva. Neste contexto, o papel do juiz é essencial para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional, não se limitando a aplicar a lei e pronunciar o juízo de mérito, mas também ao exercício de um poder de execução tendente a conferir eficácia às suas próprias decisões