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The aim of the thesis is to examine whether the prohibition of overcompensation in the Antitrust Damages Directive is compatible with the EU legal and normative framework. To this end, the analysis is carried out on two levels. First, the rationale for damages in the selected jurisdictions (England, France and Germany) and in the EU is examined to test the main underpinning justification for the prohibition of overcompensation in the Antitrust Damages Directive, i.e. the 'European legal tradition argument'. Second, the thesis addresses broader constitutional implications that underpin the debate on the desirability of the pursuit to prohibit overcompensation in the EU. These entail questions pertaining to the adoption of such measures and, thus, exploring whether the EU has the legitimacy to legislate and the related question of competence and the choice of the appropriate legal basis. The argument to be advanced in this thesis is that the aim of achieving a sufficient level of deterrence with awarding damages for EU competition law infringements stems from the very conceptual basis in which the right to damages is grounded - the principle of effective judicial protection and the principle of effectiveness. Thus, as the analysis reveals, the prohibition of overcompensation is inconsistent with the EU legal framework, since it has potential to jeopardise the deterrent or dissuasive function of antitrust damages actions. The prohibition of overcompensation has significantly contributed to the business-biased gist of the Directive, and thus to breaking the link between the rationale for the right to damages for EU competition law infringements, the legal basis and the content of the Directive. The thesis ultimately argues that the Directive's prohibition is incompatible with the principles of conferral, subsidiarity and proportionality, and to a considerable extent inconsistent with the EU's legal and normative framework.

El presente trabajo trata acerca de la subsanación de los defectos procesales en el procedimiento civil español. Se funda en la tesis de la subsanación como el mecanismo prioritario de eliminación de imperfecciones, por sobre la nulidad o la inadmisión, lo que se explica por la clara inspiración antiformalista del sistema procesal vigente y, al menos en lo que respecta a las actuaciones de parte, por el influjo de la tutela judicial efectiva, como garantía procesal de rango constitucional. La investigación comienza situando histórica y conceptualmente la subsanación, para luego analizarla dentro del contexto de la teoría de la invalidez procesal y concluir estudiando sus aspectos procedimentales más relevantes. Todo lo anterior, con el objetivo de elaborar un estudio sistemático de una institución que ha adquirido gran trascendencia práctica, pero ha gozado de poca atención por parte de la doctrina. / This work is about the correction of the procedural defects in the Spanish civil procedure. It is based on the assumption that the correction is a priority mechanism to eliminate imperfections, over the invalidity or rejection, which is explained by the anti-formalist inspiration of the current procedural system and, at least with respect to the actions of part by the influence of effective judicial protection as a constitutional right. The research begins by situating historically and conceptually the correction. Then, it analyzes the correction within the context of the theory of procedural invalidity and concludes by studying its most important procedural aspects. The objective is to develop a systematic study of an institution that has acquired great practical importance, but has enjoyed little attention by the doctrine.

In this article, the author describes the problems that come through the Peruvian shipping companies because of misinterpretations made by the tax authority about the scope of the Law for reactivation and promotion of the National Merchant Marine; to harmful tax collection procedures and poor debt settlement system controversies between taxpayers and the Tax Administration. / En el presente artículo, el autor describe los problemas por los que viene atravesando las empresas navieras peruanas debido a las equivocadas interpretaciones que realiza la Administración Tributaria acerca de los alcances de la Ley de reactivación y promoción de la Marina Mercante Nacional; a los perjudiciales procedimientos de cobranza de deudas tributarias, y al deficiente sistema de solución de controversias suscitadas entre los contribuyentes y la Administración Tributaria.

Procedural aspects of mediation in EC law Eva Rivera, 2011 1 Abstract The objective of this dissertation is the determination of the significance of procedural aspects of mediation and the answer to the question to what extent it has been considered within European Union law. The research is based on the assumption that the acknowledgment of a procedural relevance of mediation is crucial for its overall effectiveness. Mediation is besides its feature as a communication technique becoming ever more important as a dispute resolution procedure for civil and commercial conflicts in Europe. In this context the role of mediation within and in relation to other procedures for the resolution of disputes has to be considered. While on one hand the terminology and the differences between mediation and other forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as well as certain judicial attempts of settling disputes may not always be easily determined, on the other hand, it can be stated that the ADR form of mediation is beyond its early stages and clearly shows its own procedural relevance. The comparison of European national jurisdictions in the field of mediation leads to a core definition of mediation as a voluntary process where a third person without the authority to pass a binding decision over the dispute between...

Die Arbeit soll zeigen, dass es zu einer breiteren Durchsetzung von Schadensersatzansprüchen wegen kartellrechtswidrigem Verhalten eines eigenständigen Informationsanspruchs des Rechtsanwalts als Organ der Rechtspflege gegenüber der EU-Kommission und den deutschen Kartellbehörden bedarf, und zwar sowohl aus tatsächlicher Notwendigkeit, als auch auf Grund europarechtlicher und grundgesetzlicher Vorgaben. Anhand des europarechtlichen Effektivitätsgrundsatzes aus Art. 4 Abs. 3 EUV und des Rechts auf effektiven Rechtsschutz aus Art. 47 der EU-Grundrechtecharta bzw. des Justizgewährungsanspruchs als Ausfluss des Rechtsstaatsprinzips, Art. 20 Abs. 3 GG, wird erörtert, wie ein solcher Anspruch mindestens beschaffen sein muss. Die Untersuchung bestehender, sekundärrechtlicher und einfachgesetzlicher Dokumentenzugangs-, Auskunfts- und Akteneinsichtsansprüche ergibt, dass bereits nach geltender Rechtslage dem Rechtsanwalt ein Informationsanspruch gegenüber der Europäischen Kommission und den deutschen Kartellbehörden zusteht. Die Interpretation der betreffenden Tatbestände nimmt hierbei die europarechtlichen und grundgesetzlichen Vorgaben auf und bewegt sich im Rahmen zulässiger Auslegung. Daneben wird ein Vorschlag unterbreitet, wie der Informationsanspruch über die Mindestvorgaben hinaus ausgestaltet werden könnte. / The work reveals that a for a better private enforcement of competition law in the form of damages claims an independent right of information vis-à-vis the EU-Commission and the German Cartel Authorities for an attorney without a client and a mandate is needed. This need not only derives from the factual necessity but also from European primary law and the German Grundgesetz. In light of the European principle of effectiveness, Article 4 para. 3 TEU, and the right to effective judicial protection, Article 47 EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and Article 20 para. 3 German Grundgesetz respectively, the author develops the right and its boundaries. The examination of information rights and rights to access documents in EU secondary law and German law then shows that an independent right of information and access to documents for an attorney without a client and a mandate already exists if the law is interpreted in accordance with the EU primary law and the German Grundgesetz. The author further develops a recommendation as to how such an information right could be extended beyond its core that is determined by EU primary law and the German Grundgesetz.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glaucia Aparecida da Silva Faria Lamblem.pdf: 2271311 bytes, checksum: be1bc1c1a74499329e4bf9e0509e173f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / This study has the purpose of examining the limits of applicability of the procedural rules of the Code of Civil Procedure related to the execution of sentence in class action lawsuits. This is done through a reinterpretation of the constitutional principles of the process, from the perspective of maximum effectiveness of collective judicial protection because of the own protected material right. Considering that the effectiveness of judicial protection is closely connected to the implementation of judicial decisions, the topic is addressed in the context of execution of sentence in class actions for protection of diffuse, collective, and homogeneous individual rights. It is highlighted the judge's role in the fair adequacy of such rules to the concrete case. The study of execution of sentence under the collective jurisdiction is justified, since this leads the judicial decision to an end, being able to assess the practical impact of judicial protection. In this sense, the mass society and conflicts arising from it, allows violation to a plurality of rights, involving large numbers of subjects, thus requiring legal responses in accordance with the complexity of the factual situation. It is taken into account that the judicial response should not adhere to generic directions, requiring, therefore, the effective implementation of its controls, otherwise giving rise to the ineffectiveness of judicial protection. The theme of execution of sentence, interpreted in a broad sense, as all judicial decisions, shows fertile ground to scale the role of the judge and the influence of the executive mechanisms available on existing standards for the effectiveness of collective judicial protection. The examination of integrative rules of collective procedural microsystem, combined with those of the Code of Civil Procedure relating to the enforcement of court decisions and being in line with the constitutional principles of the process enables a true adequacy of the executive procedure in class actions such as to provide the effectiveness of collective judicial protection. In this context, the judge s role is essential to the effectiveness of judicial protection, not being limited to enforce the law and pronounce judgment on the merits, but to the exercise of a power of execution aimed to give effect to his/her own decisions / O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar os limites da aplicabilidade das normas procedimentais do Código de Processo Civil pertinentes à execução de sentença às ações coletivas, a partir de uma releitura dos princípios constitucionais do processo, sob a ótica da máxima efetividade da tutela jurisdicional coletiva, em razão do próprio direito material tutelado. Considerando que a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional está intimamente ligada à concretização das decisões judiciais, o tema é abordado no âmbito das execuções de sentença coletiva para tutela de direitos difusos, coletivos e direitos individuais homogêneos, destacando a atuação do juiz na justa adequação dessas regras ao caso concreto. Justifica-se o estudo da execução de sentença no âmbito da jurisdição coletiva, uma vez que esta leva a termo a decisão judicial podendo aquilatar a repercussão concreta da tutela jurisdicional. Neste sentido, a sociedade de massa e os conflitos dela decorrentes, possibilitam a lesão a uma pluralidade de direitos, envolvendo um grande número de sujeitos, requerendo, portanto, respostas judiciais condizentes com a complexidade da situação de fato. Leva-se em consideração que a resposta judicial não deve ficar estagnada a comandos genéricos, exigindo-se, portanto, a implementação efetiva dos seus comandos, sob pena de inefetividade da tutela jurisdicional. A temática da execução de sentença, entendida esta de forma ampla, como toda decisão judicial, mostra-se um terreno fértil para dimensionar o papel do juiz e a influência dos mecanismos executivos disponibilizados nas normas existentes para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional coletiva. O exame das normas integrativas do microssistema processual coletivo, conjugadas com aquelas do Código de Processo Civil atinentes à execução de sentença, em consonância com os princípios constitucionais do processo permite uma verdadeira adequação do procedimento executivo nas ações coletivas de tal forma a conferir a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional coletiva. Neste contexto, o papel do juiz é essencial para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional, não se limitando a aplicar a lei e pronunciar o juízo de mérito, mas também ao exercício de um poder de execução tendente a conferir eficácia às suas próprias decisões

Le contrôle juridictionnel des droits fondamentaux, en matière de procédures applicables aux pratiques anticoncurrentielles, s'inscrit dans un contexte marqué par l'affirmation de la dimension répressive et la diversification des modalités de mise en oeuvre du droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles. Par ailleurs, la protection des droits fondamentaux constitue un impératif incontournable au sein de l'ordre juridique de l'Union européenne. Les juridictions de l'Union sont confrontées à deux enjeux principaux.Le premier, essentiellement procédural, réside dans l'encadrement du déroulement et de l'articulation des procédures servant la mise en oeuvre effective des articles 101 et 102 TFUE. Les juges de l'Union doivent concilier, d'une part, la protection des droits fondamentaux dont le respect sous-tend le caractère équitable des procédures et, d'autre part, la préservation de l'efficacité des procédures. Sur ce point, l'amélioration progressive de la protection des droits des entreprises n'épuise pas une priorité accordée aux impératifs d'efficacité et d'effectivité.Le second défi, de nature institutionnelle, tient au respect des exigences découlant du droit à un procès équitable. Le maintien du système institutionnel au sein duquel la Commission concentre différents pouvoirs est subordonné à l'affermissement d'un contrôle juridictionnel répondant à certains impératifs. Ainsi,un droit fondamental commande une intensification du contrôle exercé sur certaines décisions. En outre, les droits fondamentaux constituent des instruments utiles,permettant aux juges de l'Union de consolider un contrôle juridictionnel approfondi et objectif. / The judicial control of fundamental rights, in the field of EU antitrust proceedings, has developed in a context characterized by the increasing importance ofthe repressive side and the diversification of procedures serving the enforcement of EU provisions applying to anticompetitive conducts. Besides, the protection of fundamental rights has become an unavoidable imperative within the EU legal order.The EU courts are expected to cope with two main challenges.The first one is essentially procedure-oriented and lies in the way the various procedures applying to articles 101 and 102 TFUE are to be legally carried on and combined. The EU judicature is supposed to reconcile, on the one hand, the protection of fundamental rights that strengthen the fairness of procedures and, on the other hand, the quest for procedural efficiency. In that respect, the progressive enhancement of the protection of stakeholders' rights does not completely compensate for the priority still granted to the objectives of efficiency and effectiveness. The second one rather is of an institutional nature and regards the respect of the structural requirements stemming from the right to a fair trial. The upholding ofthe current institutional system that provides the EU Commission with substantial powers depends on the capabality of the control exerted by the EU courts to meet certain requirements in terms of completeness and intensity. Thus, a fundamental principle appears to be the initial driving force of a significant strengthening of the judicial control. Moreover, fundamental rights have proven to be instrumental in enabling the EU judges to deploy an in-depth and objective control.

Dans l’Union européenne, la nécessité de mieux protéger les droits fondamentaux favorise la recherche d’un nouvel équilibre entre équité et efficacité procédurales. La thèse examine les incidences de ce phénomène en droit des aides d’État, qui se caractérise par sa technicité et sa sensibilité politique, puisqu’il confie à la Commission le droit exclusif d’autoriser ou d’interdire les aides que les États membres projettent de verser à certaines entreprises. Bien que celles-ci soient en principe reconnues comme des sujets de droit fondamental, le contrôle des aides d’État fait figure d’exception, puisqu’il n’offre quasi-aucune garantie procédurale lors de la phase administrative, apparaît souvent imprévisible aux entreprises et retient une norme de contrôle juridictionnel largement perfectible, tant en matière de légalité que d’exécution. Ce constat plaide pour une réforme, dont l’étude examine quelques pistes. / In the European Union, the need to better protect fundamental rights calls for research into finding a new balance between procedural fairness and efficiency. The thesis examines the impact of this phenomenon in State aid law which is characterized by its technical nature and its political sensitivity since it confers on the Commission the exclusive right to authorize or prohibit aids that Member States plan to grant to certain companies. Although these businesses are in principle recognized as legal persons in regards to fundamental rights, the State aid control is an exception since it offers almost no procedural guarantees during the administrative phase, often appears unpredictable to companies and maintains a standard of judicial control that could be considerably improved, both in terms of legality and enforcement. This observation argues for a reform that the study examines in the following lines of thought.

Submitted by CARLA MARIA GOULART DE MORAES (carlagm) on 2015-06-24T18:22:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VirginiaIcleDireito.pdf: 919455 bytes, checksum: 652d8c36d0e378644606e95ab56970b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-24T18:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VirginiaIcleDireito.pdf: 919455 bytes, checksum: 652d8c36d0e378644606e95ab56970b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-27 / Nenhuma / A proposta em desenvolver os processos judiciais sem dilações indevidas deve ser desenvolvida mediante práticas que estejam em concordância com os ditames Constitucionais. Para a concretização da tutela jurisdicional, é necessário que tais práticas, além de estarem em conformidade com a segurança do ordenamento jurídico e, capazes de efetivarem o direito fundamental a razoável duração do processo, contribuam, de forma efetiva, com os objetivos traçados pela Constituição. A audiência preliminar será investigada como um instrumento processual capaz de evitar dilações indevidas no decorrer dos processos, seja mediante a possibilidade de conciliação entre as partes, seja por meio do saneamento do processo. Permite a participação mais ativa dos agentes do processo, através do uso da oralidade. Neste sentido, compõe um sistema processual dinâmico, permitindo o “acesso à justiça” em sentido amplo, contemplando ao povo, a adjetivação de cidadão e difundindo a democracia participativa como proposta de Estado a ser adotada para a sociedade contemporânea. Nesse contexto, se pode vislumbrar que o dispositivo do art.331 do Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro, contribui com a efetividade do direito fundamental à razoável duração do processo, objetivando a redução da demora processual injustificável. Para tanto, cabe aos magistrados utilizarem-se de uma interpretação hermenêutica dos ditames constitucionais conjugada com os fatores externos que irão influenciá-lo. A problematização em questão pretende estudar a sociedade no momento atual, onde anseia pela consagração do direito fundamental ao processo em tempo razoável, o qual deve ser promovido por parte do Estado, já que o mesmo lhe consagrou constitucionalmente com o advento da EC 45/2004. Nesse contexto, cabe ao Estado responder pela demora injustificada dos tempos processuais. E a reparação deve manifestar-se através da indenização em favor do cidadão que teve seu direito tolhido, por conseqüência de um ato estatal, ou, no caso da audiência preliminar, sua inércia. / The proposal to develop the judicial procedures without undue delay should be developed through practices that are in accordance with the constitutional dictates. For the completion of judicial review, it is necessary that such practices, and comply with the safety of the legal system and able to enforce the fundamental right to a reasonable duration of the process, contribute, effectively, to the goals set by Constitution. The preliminary hearing will be investigated as a procedural tool that will prevent undue delays during the process, either through the possibility of conciliation between the parties, either through the restructuring process. Allows more active participation of the process’s, through the use of orality. In this sense, forms a dynamic procedural system, allowing "access to justice" in a broad sense, covering the people, the adjective of citizen participatory democracy and spreading as a proposed rule to be adopted to contemporary society. In this context, we can see that the machinery of article 331 of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, contributes to the effectiveness of the fundamental right of a reasonable duration of the process, aiming at the reduction of procedural delay unjustifiable. For this, use it to judges is a hermeneutic interpretation of constitutional principles coupled with external factors which will influence him, adopting the theory as formalism evaluative procedures. The questioning concerned intends to study the society at present, which yearns for the consecration of the fundamental right to process in reasonable time, which should be promoted by the state, since the constitutionally enshrined it even with the advent of constitutional emendment 45/2004. In this context, the State must answer for the undue delay of the procedural time. And the repair should be manifested through indemnity in favor of the citizen who had checked his right, as a consequence of a state act, or, if the preliminary hearing, his inertia.