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<p>Vid produktutveckling inom industriföretag finns idag luckor vad gäller IT-stöd i arbetets olika faser. Införandet av s.k. RBE-system (Rule Based Engineering) är ett steg på vägen mot att försöka fylla dessa luckor. Meningen med ett RBE-system kan sägas vara att ersätta traditionella konstruktionshandböcker med motsvarande konstruktionsanvisningar i digital form. Detta ger möjligheter till automatisering av processer som är tidskrävande, monotona och ofta förekommande, t.ex. olika former av komponentval, dimensioneringsprocesser etc. En av utgångspunkterna vid utvecklingen av RBE-system är att utgå från existerande programvaror. Detta kan ställa stora krav på utvecklarna. En fördel är om det finns en solid grund i form av fakta om vilka attribut hos ett program som är viktiga att ta hänsyn till för att underlätta valet av programvaror som lämpar sig integrationstekniskt för att koppla ihop med andra. Detta arbete syftar till att utreda dessa integrationstekniska aspekter.</p>

Vid produktutveckling inom industriföretag finns idag luckor vad gäller IT-stöd i arbetets olika faser. Införandet av s.k. RBE-system (Rule Based Engineering) är ett steg på vägen mot att försöka fylla dessa luckor. Meningen med ett RBE-system kan sägas vara att ersätta traditionella konstruktionshandböcker med motsvarande konstruktionsanvisningar i digital form. Detta ger möjligheter till automatisering av processer som är tidskrävande, monotona och ofta förekommande, t.ex. olika former av komponentval, dimensioneringsprocesser etc. En av utgångspunkterna vid utvecklingen av RBE-system är att utgå från existerande programvaror. Detta kan ställa stora krav på utvecklarna. En fördel är om det finns en solid grund i form av fakta om vilka attribut hos ett program som är viktiga att ta hänsyn till för att underlätta valet av programvaror som lämpar sig integrationstekniskt för att koppla ihop med andra. Detta arbete syftar till att utreda dessa integrationstekniska aspekter.

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With constantly changing regulations on emissions, heavy commercial vehicles manufacturers have to adapt for their products to preserve their quality while meeting these new requirements. Over the past decades, noise emissions have become a great concern and new stricter laws demand companies to decrease their vehicle pass-by noise target values. To address the requirements from different disciplines, Scania follows a simulation driven design process to develop new concept models EATS. The collaboration among engineers from different fields is thereby necessary in order to obtain higher performance silencers. However, the preprocessing step in terms of acoustic simulations is time-consuming, which can slow the concept development process. In this thesis, a new method was introduced to automate the pre-processing of silencer acoustic models and allow for design optimisation based on acoustic performance results. A common Scania product study case was provided to several theses within the NXD organisation. The collaboration among the master thesis workers aimed to demonstrate the benefits of KBE and MDO and how they can be integrated within Scania’s current concept development and product introduction processes. The performed work was divided in the following steps: data collection, method development and concluding work. The first step consisted in gathering sufficient knowledge by conducting a thorough literature review and interviews. Then, an initial method was formulated and tested on a simplified silencer model. Once approved and verified, the method was applied to the study case EATS. The study case showed that a complex product can have its acoustic pre-processing step automated by ensuring a good connectivity among the required software and a correct denomination of the geometrical objects involved in the simulations. The method investigated how morphological optimisations can be performed at both global and local levels to enhance the transmission loss of a silencer. Besides optimising the acoustic performance of the models, the method allowed the identification of correlations and inter-dependencies among their design variables and ouput parameters. / Med ständiga förändringar i lagkrav som berör utsläpp måste tillverkare av tunga fordon anpassa sina produkter för att upprätthålla kvalitén samtidigt som de möter de nya kraven. De senaste årtiondena har ljudnivåerna från fordon blivit ett orosmoment, det stiftats striktare lagar som berör den ljudnivå som tunga fordon får emittera under ett förbifartsprov. För att adressera kraven från de olika disciplinerna följer Scania en simuleringsdriven utvecklingsprocess vid utveckling av nya efterbehandlingssystem. Samarbetet mellan ingenjörer från olika fält är därför nödvändigt för att utveckla högre prestanda efterbehandlingsystem. Uppställningen utav de akustiska simuleringarna är tidskrävande, vilket kan leda till en långsam utvecklingsprocess. I detta examensarbete föreslås en ny metod för att introducera en automatiserad uppställning av akustiska simuleringar på efterbehandlingssystem som tillåter optimering av de akustiska egenskaperna. Ett gemensamt studiefall gavs av Scania till flera examensarbeten skrivna vid NXD organisationen. Samarbetet mellan de olika examensarbetena syftade på att demonstrera fördelarna med KBE och MDO och hur de kan bli integrerade i Scanias nuvarande konceptutvecklings- och produktintroduktionsprocess. Examensarbetet är uppdelat i följande steg; datainsamling, metodutveckling och avslutandearbete. Det första steget innefattade insamling av kunskap genom att genomföra en grundlig litteraturstudie och flera intervjuer. Det nästkommande steget innefattade formulering av en initial metod vilken testades på ett simplifierat efterbehandlingssystem. När detta hade verifierats och godkänts applicerades metoden på efterbehandlingssystem i fallstudien. Fallstudien visade att även för en komplex produkt kan uppställningen av de akustiska simuleringarna bli automatiserade genom att säkerställa en bra koppling mellan de olika mjukvarorna och en korrekt benämning av de geometriska objekten involverade i simuleringen. Metoden undersökte hur morfologiska optimeringar kan bli genomförda både på en vittomfattande och lokal nivå för att förbättra transmissionsförlusten i ett efterbehandlingssystem. Förutom att optimera den akustiska prestandan av modellen kunde flera korrelationer mellan de olika konstruktiosparametrar identifieras likväl kunde korrelationer mellan konstruktiosparametrar och systemegenskaperna.

With constantly changing regulations on emissions, heavy commercial vehicles manufacturershave to adapt for their products to preserve their quality while meetingthese new requirements. Over the past decades, noise emissions have become a greatconcern and new stricter laws demand companies to decrease their vehicle pass-bynoise target values.To address the requirements from different disciplines, Scania follows a simulationdriven design process to develop new concept models EATS. The collaboration amongengineers from different fields is thereby necessary in order to obtain higher performancesilencers. However, the pre-processing step in terms of acoustic simulationsis time-consuming, which can slow the concept development process.In this thesis, a new method was introduced to automate the pre-processing of silenceracoustic models and allow for design optimisation based on acoustic performanceresults. A common Scania product study case was provided to several theseswithin the NXD organisation. The collaboration among the master thesis workersaimed to demonstrate the benefits of KBE and MDO and how they can be integratedwithin Scania’s current concept development and product introduction processes.The performed work was divided in the following steps: data collection, methoddevelopment and concluding work. The first step consisted in gathering sufficientknowledge by conducting a thorough literature review and interviews. Then, an initialmethod was formulated and tested on a simplified silencer model. Once approvedand verified, the method was applied to the study case EATS.The study case showed that a complex product can have its acoustic pre-processingstep automated by ensuring a good connectivity among the required software anda correct denomination of the geometrical objects involved in the simulations. Themethod investigated how morphological optimisations can be performed at bothglobal and local levels to enhance the transmission loss of a silencer. Besides optimisingthe acoustic performance of the models, the method allowed the identificationof correlations and inter-dependencies among their design variables and ouput parameters.

The path along which a high voltage cable needs to travel within the production facility is designed by a combination of straight and curved segments. As segments are available only in standard sizes, the path must be standardized. The transformation of an initial path into standardized path is a manual and time-consuming process. Tools are developed to automate this process using Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE). The MOKA-methodology has been followed to capture and store the knowledge behind the standardization of the path. Designs of truss segments which are currently in use are studied and modified to make the models more efficient. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed to evaluate the strength of segments of both old and new models which shows that new models are more efficient. To rapidly obtain segments of different dimensions, parametric models of segments are designed.

Today's manufacturing industry is heading more and more towards a mass customization approach. This enables customers to individually specify product characteristics and unique design features to fulfill their exact needs. A common way to accomplish this is by means of design automation often used together with knowledge-based engineering. In this thesis, the order-to-delivery process for customized floor gratings at Weland AB is used as a case. This process is currently manual and dependent on several different departments. It results in a time consuming process which is prone to human errors. The purpose is to investigate how design automation can be used and implemented to automate and improve sections of the order-to-delivery process for customized products at an industrial manufacturing company. The objective is to develop a product configurator to automatically generate 3D models and documentation for production and sales support. The configurator succeeded in demonstrating the possible advantages of using design automation. It showed the possibility to reduce the construction department's workload and achieve faster time-to-offer for the sales department. Additionally it is concluded that using a product configurator reduces the risk of human errors and opens up possibilities for other improvements, such as reducing material waste in the production.

Engineered to Order (ETO) products can benefit from the concepts and tools offered by Product and Platforms Line Engineering (PLE) (such as increased variety offer and efficient use of resources), and CAD/PLM (Computer Aided Design/Product Life-cycle management) in order to gain competitiveness. This paper portrays a framework for describing and measuring the processes that conform that connection between PLE and CAD; presents a description of the key components of the entire process, their relationships, as well a set of metrics for assessing the ability of a process for creating Geometrical CAD Platforms. A case study of an ETO product development with the implementation of this framework is presented in two different scenarios for validating the concepts exposed and demonstrating the use of the framework for assessing the capability of an organization for creating 3DCAD platforms for ETO Products.

Intensive competition on the global market puts great pressure on manufacturing companies to develop and produce products that meet requirements from customers and investors. One key factor in meeting these requirements is the efficiency of the product development and the production preparation process. Design automation is a powerful tool to increase efficiency in these two processes. The benefits of automating the production preparation process are shortened led-time, improved product performance, and ultimately decreased cost. Further, automation is beneficial as it increases the ability to adapt products to new product specifications with production preparations done in few or in a single step. During the automation process, knowledge about the production preparation process is collected and stored in central systems, thus allowing full control over the design of production equipments. Three main topics are addressed in this thesis: the flexibility of design automation systems, knowledge bases containing conflicting rules, and the automation of the finite element analysis process. These three topics are discussed in connection with the production preparation process of rotary draw bending. One conclusion drawn from the research is that it is possible to apply the concept of design automation to the production preparation process at different levels of automation depending on characteristics of the implemented knowledge. In order to make design automation systems as flexible as possible, the concept of object orientation should be adapted when building the knowledge base and when building the products geometrical representations. It is possible to automate the process of setting up, running, and interpreting finite element analyses to a great extent and making the automated finite element analysis process a part of the global design automation system.