In my dissertation I look into different possibilities of an electrotechnical construction set RC Didactic. The thesis is primarily focused on demonstration of posibilities of the construction set on created tasks. During the processing of these tasks both hardware and software equipment of the construction set are used. Another topic which this thesis is dealing with are issues of application of existing tasks which are provided along with the construction set, than its parameters and projections of the construction set for aplication during classes and also didactical aspects of the construction set.

Depuis plusieurs années de nombreuses technologies non volatiles sont apparues et ont pris place principalement dans le monde de la mémoire, tendant à remplacer tout type de mémoire. Leurs atouts laissent à penser que certaines d'entre elles, et en particulier les technologies MRAM, pourraient améliorer les performances des circuits intégrés en utilisant leurs composants magnétiques, si connus notamment sous le nom de jonctions tunnel magnétiques, dans la logique. Pour évaluer ces éventuels gains, il faut être capable de concevoir de tels circuits. C'est pourquoi nous proposons dans ces travaux d'une part un kit de conception complet pour les flots de conception full custom et numérique, permettant de couvrir l'ensemble des étapes de conception pour chacun d'entre eux. Une partie de ce kit a servi à plusieurs partenaires de projets de recherche ANR, pour concevoir des démonstrateurs. Nous proposons également dans ce kit de conception un latch magnétique non volatil innovant ultra compact, pour lequel deux brevets d'invention ont été déposés, intégré à une flip-flop. Enfin, nous présentons l'intégration de composants magnétiques à deux applications, sécurité et faible consommation, ainsi qu'une étude qui montre que les gains en consommation statique peuvent être considérables. / For several years many non-volatile technologies have been appearing and taking place mainly in the memory world, aiming at replacing all kind of memory. Their assets let thinking that some of them, specially the MRAM technologies, could improve the integrated circuit performances, using their so called magnetic components in the logic, in particular the magnetic tunnel junctions. To evaluate the potential benefits, it is necessary to be able to design such a circuit. That is the reason why we are proposing a full design kit for both full custom and digital designs, allowing all the design steps. Part of this kit has been used by partners in research project to design demonstrators. We also propose in this kit an innovative ultra-compact magnetic latch, for which 2 patents have been deposited, integrated in a flip-flop. Finally, we present the integration of magnetic components for two applications, security and low power, as well as a case study which shows that the static consumption reduction can be huge.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-28T19:44:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKJSC.pdf: 2231341 bytes, checksum: 2631de240a3294a2befb13fb186e77fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:56:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKJSC.pdf: 2231341 bytes, checksum: 2631de240a3294a2befb13fb186e77fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:57:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKJSC.pdf: 2231341 bytes, checksum: 2631de240a3294a2befb13fb186e77fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:57:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKJSC.pdf: 2231341 bytes, checksum: 2631de240a3294a2befb13fb186e77fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Não recebi financiamento / The proposed investigative work within the PPGQ - Professional Master - Chemistry Teaching UFSCar, proposes to use as a teaching methodology using the teaching kit as a motivating tool for learning of high school students. The objective of this work is to verify the student's motivation for learning using the teaching kit as a tool and reinforcement to learn basic fundamentals of chemistry, and the relevance that link to this stimulus, and how they evaluate this feature as a methodology for teaching learning. We as a theoretical framework that justifies and directs the research, the theory of David Paul Ausubel on Meaningful Learning, and Vygotsky's theory on the socio-interactional. We propose to carry out the studies and research comparing students' motivation for teaching and learning in classes that only use the methodology exhibition to teach and motivate students to learn, and the so-called methodology of ludo-educational, with the use of an educational kit chemistry developed with the purpose of teaching the basic concepts of chemistry, such as conductivity test, measures pH, precipitation reactions, acid-base reactions, redox reactions, chemical complexation reactions and chemical reactions in general. They participated in the experiment 20 students of the 3rd year of high school at the State School "Alvaro Guião", located in São Carlos - SP. We discuss the use of the teaching kit or play experimental activity in the classroom, as a support tool and complement the theoretical and lectures, and motivate students to learn chemistry in a process involving the student and the teacher and student with another student. Completing and learning the concepts, and motivating the student to explain how they understand life, the concepts and express what they feel, and possible limitations that may have. While using the educational kit, the experimental activities, was given will give continuous monitoring, and explanations on using the kit. And at the end, it applied a questionnaire approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos - Ufscar, assessing the student's motivation for teaching and learning, its limitations, conclusions and motivations concerning the use of the teaching kit and experimental activities, compared to lecture. Believing that the student, and the teacher, to understand the proposed work, eventually achieving their teaching-learning objectives of a motivated way. Those involved in research expanded the competence for the initiative, autonomy, creative capacity, teamwork, increase the interest and motivation for chemical content, expanding the understanding and learning different and attractive way to understand the use of this methodology as aggregating form and Additional lectures in chemistry. / A proposta de trabalho investigativo dentro do PPGQ – Mestrado Profissional – Ensino de Química da UFSCar, propõe utilizar como metodologia de ensino o uso do kit didático como ferramenta motivadora ao aprendizado dos alunos do ensino médio. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a motivação do aluno para o aprendizado com a utilização do kit didático enquanto ferramenta e reforço para aprender fundamentos básicos da química, e qual a relevância que apontam a este estímulo, e como avaliam este recurso como metodologia para o ensino aprendizagem. Temos como referencial teórico, que justifica e direciona a pesquisa, a teoria de David Paul Ausubel sobre a Aprendizagem Significativa, e a de Vygotsky sobre a teoria sócio- interacionista. Propomos realizar os estudos e a pesquisa comparando a motivação dos alunos para o ensino-aprendizagem nas aulas que utilizam somente a metodologia expositiva para ensinar e motivar o aluno a aprender, e a metodologia chamada de ludo-educativa, com a utilização de um kit didático de química, desenvolvido com a finalidade de ensinar conceitos básicos de química, como: testes de condutividade, medidas de PH, reações de precipitação, reações ácido-base, reações redox, reações química de complexão, e as reações químicas em geral. Participaram dos experimentos 20 alunos da 3a série do ensino médio da Escola Estadual “ Alvaro Guião” , localizada na cidade de São Carlos – SP. Abordaremos o uso do kit didático ou atividade experimentais lúdicas na sala de aula, como ferramenta de apoio e complemento as aulas teóricas e expositivas, e que motivam o aluno a aprender química, em um processo que envolva o aluno e o professor e aluno com outro aluno. Completando e, aprendendo os conceitos, e motivando o aluno a expor como entendem a vida, os conceitos e expressem o que sentem, e as possíveis limitações que venham a ter. Durante o uso do kit didático, nas atividades experimentais,foi dado daremos o acompanhamento contínuo, e as explicações sobre o uso do kit. E ao final, foi aplicado um questionário aprovado pelo Conselho de Ética da Universidade Federal de São Carlos - Ufscar, avaliando a motivação do aluno para o ensino aprendizagem, suas limitações, conclusões e motivações sobre o uso do kit didático e a atividades experimentais, em comparação a aula expositiva. Acreditando que o aluno, assim como o professor, ao entenderem a proposta de trabalho, acabaram por alcançar seus objetivos de ensino-aprendizagem de uma forma motivada. Os envolvidos na pesquisa ampliaram a competência pela iniciativa, autonomia, capacidade criadora, trabalho em equipe, aumento pelo interesse e motivação pelos conteúdos de química, ampliação da compreensão e aprendizagem de forma diferenciada e atrativa, ao entenderem o uso desta metodologia como forma agregadora e complementares nas aulas expositivas de química.

The cattle milkmaid is present in almost the small totality of the e average familiar properties, representing the biggest participation in the composition of the rude value of national production of familiar agriculture. Especially in the half-arid region northeastern the milk production is distinguished as main economic activity, which possesss great technological and legal challenges to be surpassed. In this direction, one becomes necessary to promote the action accomplishment aiming at the sustainable development of familiar agriculture, contemplating its technological, productive, educative, ambient dimensions and of social organization, by means of the generation and diffusion of suitable technologies to the regional especificidades, also the emergent sector of assentaments of agrarian reform. Lined up with this vision, the present study she aimed at to contribute with the improvement of the quality of the milk produced in assentament of agrarian reform of the half-arid of Sergipe, through participative research of technologies and the use of the Embrapa s kit of milks manual ®. It was gotten as resulted significant, had been identified to a roll of 16 indicators of sustainability of agro ecosystems Cattle milkmaid practised in the assentament of Nossa Senhora da Boa Hora, half-arid of Sergipe , and mainly it was inquired that the use of the Embrapa s kit of milks manual ® contributed to adjust the milk produced in the Assentament to the legal requirements, observing a reduction in the somatic frame number in milk. In such a way, the biggest adoption of sustainable, appropriate technologies for the familiar farmers, the maintenance propitiates quality of production better thus allowing/formal insertion of these producers in the market. / A pecuária leiteira está presente em quase a totalidade das pequenas e médias propriedades familiares, representando a maior participação na composição do valor bruto de produção nacional da agricultura familiar. Especialmente na região semi-árida nordestina a produção leiteira destaca-se como principal atividade econômica, a qual possui grandes desafios tecnológicos e legais a serem superados. Nesse sentido, torna-se necessário promover a realização de ações visando o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura familiar, contemplando suas dimensões tecnológicas, produtivas, educativas, ambientais e de organização social, por meio da geração e difusão de tecnologias adaptadas à especificidades regionais, inclusive o emergente setor de assentamentos de reforma agrária. Alinhado com essa visão, o presente estudo visou contribuir com a melhoria da qualidade do leite produzido em assentamento de reforma agrária do semiárido sergipano, através de pesquisa participativa de tecnologias e a utilização do Kit Embrapa de Ordenha manual. Obteve-se como resultados significativos, foram identificados um rol de 16 indicadores de sustentabilidade do agroecossistema Pecuária leiteira praticada no Projeto de Assentamento Nossa Senhora da Boa Hora, semi-árido sergipano , e principalmente foi averiguada que a utilização do kit de ordenha manual da Embrapa contribuiu para adequar o leite produzido no Assentamento às exigências legais, observando-se uma redução no número de células somáticas no leite. Desta forma, a maior adoção de tecnologias sustentáveis, apropriadas para os agricultores familiares, propiciam melhor qualidade de produção permitindo assim a manutenção/inserção formal destes produtores no mercado.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do mesilato de imatinibe, em comparação com a quimioterapia usual com vimblastina e prednisona, no tratamento do mastocitoma canino e descrever os efeitos colaterais apresentados pelas medicações. Bem como analisar a expressão do VEGF (fator de crescimento endotelial), a relação da expressão do gene c-kit por RT-PCR e marcação imunoistoquímica do KIT com a presença de mutações na justamembrana e a relação desta mutação com a resposta à terapia. Para tanto foram incluídos 29 animais com diagnóstico citológico de mastocitoma, estes animais foram submetidos a tomografia computadorizada para determinação das medidas das formações cutâneas e em seguida divididos em 2 grupos. O grupo 1 foi tratado com o protocolo quimioterápico de vimblastina e prednisona por 12 semanas e o grupo 2 com o mesilato de imatinibe na dose de 10 mg/Kg a cada 24 horas por 8 semanas. A avaliação da resposta ao tratamento foi realizada com mensurações periódicas das formações com paquímetro e nova tomografia ao final do tratamento para mensuração do maior diâmetro e volume tumoral. Um fragmento das formações cutâneas foi coletado antes do início do tratamento para graduação histológica da neoplasia, determinação do índice mitótico e imunomarcação para KIT, VEGF e Ki- 67. Parte do material coletado teve o DNA e RNA extraídos e posterior sequenciamento dos exons 11 do gene c-kit e determinação da expressão deste e do seu ligante por RT-PCR. A toxicidade a medicação foi avaliada segundo as normas do VCOG 1.1.A taxa de resposta do grupo VP foi de 7,7 % e no grupo MI de 28,6%, embora os pacientes tratados com mesilato de imatinibe tenham apresentado maior chance de resposta a terapia, não foi observado diferença entre os dois grupos. Os dois protocolos foram bem tolerados, os pacientes do grupo MI d menor número de efeitos colaterais. O grau histológico, Indice mitótico, padrão imunohistoquimico do KIT, além da quantificação do ki-67 foram homogêneos nos dois grupos e não influenciaram na resposta ao tratamento. A quantificação do VEGF foi mais intensa nos pacientes com remissão parcial e total. Não foi observado relação entre a quantificação do KIT e a expressão do gene c-kit, que foi maior nos pacientes que responderam ao tratamento, porém a associação desta com a resposta a terapia não pode ser determinada. Mutações ativantes no exon11 do gene c-kit não foram identificadas. O tratamento com o mesilato de imatinibe é bem tolerado pelos animais, no entanto este não se mostrou superior ao protocolo padrão de quimioterapia para o tratamento do mastocitoma; este resultado pode ter sido influenciado pelo número de animais incluídos no estudo. Mutações em outros domínios do receptor KIT e a ação do ITK em receptores como do PDGF e o VEGF podem estar relacionados a resposta a esta classe de fármacos observada neste estudo, a despeito da ausência de mutações ativantes no exon 11 do gene c-kit. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of imatinib mesylate, compared with the usual chemotherapy with vinblastine and prednisone in the treatment of canine mast cell tumor and describe the side effects submitted by medications. Well as analyzing the expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), the relationship between the expression of c-kit gene by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining of KIT with the presence of mutations in the juxtamembrane and the relationship of this mutation with response to therapy. For both 29 animals with cytological diagnosis of mast cell tumor were included, these animals underwent computed tomography to determine the measured skin formations and then divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was treated with the chemotherapeutic protocol vinblastine and prednisone for 12 weeks and the second group with the imatinib mesylate in a dose of 10 mg / kg every 24 hours for 8 weeks. The assessment of response to treatment was performed with periodic measurements of the formations Caliper and a new computed tomography in the end of treatment to measure the largest tumor diameter and volume. A fragment of skin formations was collected before the initiation of treatment for histological grading, determination of mitotic index, KIT and VEGF staining patterns and the proliferation marker Ki67. Part of the collected material was extracted RNA and DNA and subsequent sequencing of 11 exons of the c-kit gene and determination and expression of its ligand by RT-PCR. The medication toxicity was evaluated according to the standards of VCOG 1.1.A response rate of the VP group was 7.7% and 28.6% MI group, although patients treated with imatinib had a higher chance of response therapy, no difference in response between the two groups was observed. The two protocols were well tolerated, patients in the MI group had a smaller number of side effects. The histological grade, mitotic index, staining patterns KIT, beyond the quantification of Ki-67 were homogeneous in both groups and did not influence the response to treatment. Quantification of VEGF was intensely in patients with partial and total remission. It was no relationship between KIT and quantification of the expression of c-kit gene, which was higher in patients who responded to treatment, but its association with response to therapy cant be determined. Exon11 activating mutations in the c-kit gene were not identified. Treatment with imatinib mesylate is well tolerated by the animals, however this was not superior to standard chemotherapy protocol for the treatment of mast cell tumors; this result may have been influenced by the number of animals included in the study. Mutations in other domains of the KIT receptor and action in ITK receptors as PDGF and VEGF may be related to response to this class of drugs in this study, despite the absence of activating mutations in exon 11 of c-kit gene.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-07-19T14:36:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 emelygirondossantos.pdf: 3291816 bytes, checksum: a0298032a50de012389ebc9c05890aa0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-07-23T15:38:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 emelygirondossantos.pdf: 3291816 bytes, checksum: a0298032a50de012389ebc9c05890aa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T15:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 emelygirondossantos.pdf: 3291816 bytes, checksum: a0298032a50de012389ebc9c05890aa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-18 / O presente trabalho tem por princípio básico o ensino de Eletricidade, especificamente o tema “Eletrostática”, através da atividade prática/experimental em sala de aula. Baseados nas principais ideias de Vygotsky, produzimos um kit didático utilizando materiais de baixo custo e de fácil acesso, observando o propósito de sua reprodução e aplicação pelos professores de Física e de Ciências no país, se assim o desejarem. Este kit didático contém material para construção de instrumentos com foco na realização de experiências que facilitem a aprendizagem de alguns tópicos como cargas elétricas de sinais diferentes, atração e repulsão elétrica, conservação de carga elétrica, estudo de condutores e isolantes, entre outros. A aplicação do produto efetuou-se em uma turma de 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental e em uma turma do 3º ano do Ensino Médio de duas escolas do município de Juiz de Fora – MG durante as aulas de Física. Ao longo da aplicação, observamos o grande interesse dos estudantes em montar os instrumentos e participar das atividades por se diferenciar das aulas expositivas tradicionais. Outro benefício observado foi a melhor compreensão dos conteúdos trabalhados. Analisamos a aplicação do kit, os questionários e textos livres escritos pelos estudantes, bem como suas participações durante os experimentos em sala de aula. Com esta análise pudemos evidenciar que atividades práticas têm um papel muito importante no processo de aprendizagem do aluno por auxiliar na conexão entre a abstração de conceitos e os fenômenos vistos no decorrer da prática experimental. Os materiais que compõem o kit e a montagem dos instrumentos utilizados estão descritos no Capítulo 4, enquanto que os experimentos realizados estão relatados no Apêndice B desta dissertação. O projeto, de maneira geral, nos mostrou a importância em se buscar novas estratégias e metodologias que possam servir como suporte no ensino de Física e de Ciências, dando aos estudantes a oportunidade de testar fenômenos pouco observados. / The present work has for basic principle the teaching of Electricity, specifically the theme “Electrostatics”, through practical/experimental activity at the classroom. Based in the main ideas of Vygotsky, we produced a didactic kit using materials which have low cost and easy access, aiming its reproduction and application by the teachers of Physics and Science in Brazil, if they wish. This didactic kit contains materials for the construction of instruments with focus on the realization of experiences which facilitate the learning of some topics such as electric charges of opposite signs, electric attraction and repulsion, conservation of electric charge, study of conductors and insulators, etc. The didactic kit was applied in a class of the ninth grade of an Elementary School and in a class of the third year of another High School in the city of Juiz de Fora – MG during the Physics classes. Through the application of the kit, we noticed the great interest of the students in assembling the instruments and participating in the activities, as it is different from the traditional expositive classes. Another benefit observed was the better understanding of the subject matter presented in the classroom. We analyzed the application of the kit, the questionnaires and free texts written by the students, together with their participation in the experiments during the classes. With this analysis we concluded that practical activities have a very important role in the learning process of the students as they help to establish the connection of the abstract concepts with the real phenomena observed during the experiments. The materials that compose the kit and the assembly of the instruments used are described in Chapter 4, while the experiments realized are described in Appendix B of this Masters dissertation. The project, in general, showed us the importance to search new strategies and methodologies which could serve as a support in the teaching of Physics and Science, giving the students the opportunity to test phenomena rarely observed.

This thesis focused on the probiotic bacteria, DNA isolated from these bacteria by three different methods and the effect of isolation on DNA identification using molecular biological methods. Probiotic bacteria are an important part of human intestinal tract. They have an important role in the function of the immune system due to adhesion to the mucosa of the intestinal flora. They create a inhostile environment for pathogens. Probiotic bacteria are commonly taken in the food like dairy products or food supplements. However, overuse of antibiotics is at risk of passing on the intrinsic resistance that probiotic bacteria have to the pathogenic bacteria. The intrinsic resistence they have to maintain the natural homeostasis of the intestinal tract. It is important to effectively identify risky probiotic bacteria that have the ability to transmit resistance to eliminate their presence in food and dietary supplements. Three methods of DNA isolation like phenol extraction method, magnetic particle isolation and commercial kit isolation were used in the experimental part. DNA was isolated from three dietary supplements, namely Biopron 9 premium, Linex forte and GS Lactobacily forte 21. The purity and concentration of the isolated DNA was detected spectrophotometrically. The presence of individual DNA strains in dietary supplements was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The best method of isolation in terms of purity and concentration of isolated DNA was evaluated by RT-PCR and spectrophotometry using a commercial kit isolation method.

This thesis contains description of the present methods and algoritms for measuring the quality of telephone call on the PBX Asterisk. Further develop the concept of a system for measuring and implementing the call embbeded system VOIPAC PXA270M. Based on theoretical analysis is carried out discussions between C, Java and PHP,which results in the selection of appropriate programming language suitable for implementation in embedded system. The concept is realized by creating an application written in a particular programming language. Part of this work is verification created application using experimental measurments of telecommunications system. The results of experimental measurements are discussed in the final evaluation.

This thesis describes design and manufacture of measuring and communication modules for CompactRIO platform. In the first section is described platform from National Instrument suitable for measurement and control technology. There is written more fact about CompactRIO. The second part is focused on description of the hardware requirements needed to construct the module, communication and working modes. The third part describes information about support programs. At the end of third part is describes practical application of input digital card. Next section consists of practical proposal modules (input / output analog module, GPS modulu) and achievements.

Hemos estado en confinamiento por varios meses debido a la difícil situación de una pandemia provocada por la enfermedad de Covid-19. A causa de ello, millones de personas alrededor del mundo han perdido la vida, sus trabajos, sus familiares y sus amigos. Una situación bastante dolorosa y difícil para todos. Muchas personas a lo largo de los meses en cuarentena fueron adquiriendo productos para protegerse de este terrible virus, pero a proveedores de dudosa procedencia, así como el arduo trabajo de buscar a quién comprar estos artículos sin tener la confianza ni el respaldo. Debido a esta situación nace “Qhali Kay Kit” un kit completo, de confianza, práctico y con envase eco amigable, que se compone de dos kits : kit control de covid y kit de prevención de covid, el cual busca prevenir y controlar esta enfermedad. Para este fin, se contará con artículos de calidad, de confianza, seguro y sobretodo garantía para nuestro cliente. En el presente trabajo de investigación se presentará información cualitativa como la explicación detallada de nuestro modelo de negocio, objetivos y estrategias, plan de RRHH, plan de Marketing, plan de Responsabilidad Social, entre otros. Asimismo, se presentará información cuantitativa relacionada con nuestro plan Financiero, el cual es esencial para nuestro proyecto, ya que nos ayuda a conocer qué tan rentable será la introducción de este nuevo producto. De este modo, podemos concluir que “Qhali Kay Kit” es un negocio rentable que empezará a generar utilidades a partir del primer año y se logrará recuperar la inversión en el segundo año, y cuando la pandemia cese poder brindar kits de salud para diversas enfermedades que hoy en día se presentan como la gripe, la tos, malestar estomacal, entre otros. / We have been in confinement for several months due to the difficult situation of a pandemic, caused by Covid-19. Because of it, millions of people around the world have lost their lives, their jobs, their family and their friends. This is a very painful and difficult situation for everyone. Many people throughout the months in quarantine were acquiring products to protect themselves from this terrible virus, but from suppliers of dubious origin, as well as the hard work of looking for who to buy these items, without having the confidence or the support. Due to this situation, “Qhali Kay Kit” was born, a complete, trustworthy, practical kit with an eco-friendly packaging, which consists of two kits: a covid control kit and a covid prevention kit that seeks to prevent and control this disease. For this purpose, we will have good articles, trustworthy, with security and above all guarantee for our client This research will present qualitative information such as the detailed explanation of our business model, objectives and strategies, HR plan, Marketing plan, Social Responsibility plan, among others. It will also present quantitative information related to our Financial Plan, which is essential for our project since we know how profitable will be the introduction of this new product In this way, we can conclude that "Qhali Kay Kit" is a profitable business that will begin to generate profits from the first year and the investment will be recovered in the second year, and when the pandemic ceases to be able to provide health kits for various diseases that today are presented as the flu, cough, stomach problems, and others. / Trabajo de investigación