Obemannade markfarkoster är ännu ganska ovanliga i den svenska Försvarsmakten men borde kunna bli allt vanligare. UGV:er används traditionellt till att utföra smutsiga, tråkiga och farliga arbetsuppgifter. Kan de då vara användbara i Afghanistan mot den motståndare som FM möter där idag? I studien undersöker författaren möjligheterna för obemannade markfarkoster att bidra med militär nytta inom området logistiktransporter. De obemannade transportfordonen kan från grunden utgöras av standardlastbilar i FM som har utrustats med så kallade UGV-kit. Dessa UGV-kit har till uppgift att göra standardfordonen fjärrstyrda, autonoma eller både och. Samma princip gäller för eskortfordonen som följer med till stöd för logistiktransporten, en Galt ska exempelvis kunna agera UGV. Den irreguljära och lågteknologiska motståndaren använder ofta IED:er vid eldöverfall vilket har gjort landsvägstransporter till riskfylld verksamhet för personal ute på vägarna. Personalsäkerhet är prioriterad verksamhet i Försvarsmakten och författarens antagande är att UGV:er kan bidra till att göra logistiktransporter och eskortförfaranden till mindre riskabel verksamhet. / Unmanned ground vehicles are still quite rare within in the Swedish Armed Forces but they should become more common. UGV´s are used traditionally for performing dirty, dull and dangerous tasks. Could they also be usefull against the enemy in Afghanistan that the Swedish Armed Forces are confronting there today? In this study the author investigates the possibilities for unmanned ground vehicles to contribute with military benefits to the area of logistics transportation. The unmanned transport vehicles can be ordinary standard trucks from the beginning which have been equipped with a so called UGV-kit. This UGV-kit´s task is to make the standard vehicles remotely controlled, autonomous or both. The same principle applies to the escorting vehicles, a Galt should for example also be able to act as a UGV. The irregular and low technology enemy often uses IED’s when attacking, which have made road transportation to hazardous activities for the personnel on the road. Personnel safety are prioritized activity within the Swedish Armed Forces, and the authors assumtion is that UGV’s can help making logistics transportation and escorting procedures in to less risky activities.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-11857a.pdf: 776003 bytes, checksum: 706bab397cf90eafbc8d7328214672da (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 Publico-11857a.pdf: 776003 bytes, checksum: 706bab397cf90eafbc8d7328214672da (MD5) Publico-11857b.pdf: 2062339 bytes, checksum: 8d0ca9b3ac4476504ad8de27d8b090d1 (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 3 Publico-11857a.pdf: 776003 bytes, checksum: 706bab397cf90eafbc8d7328214672da (MD5) Publico-11857b.pdf: 2062339 bytes, checksum: 8d0ca9b3ac4476504ad8de27d8b090d1 (MD5) Publico-11857c.pdf: 120525 bytes, checksum: 614bb713dcd2fcace0a691958c4f8ae7 (MD5) / Objetivos: C-kit é uma proteína tirosina–quinase transmembrana que possui importante papel na tumorogênese. Com o desenvolvimento de um novo composto, o mesilato de imatinibe, que inibe especificamente os receptores tirosina quinases, o C-kit passou a ser um importante alvo terapêutico. Nosso objetivo é estudar as características histopatológicas do retinoblastoma, a expressão imuno-histoquímica do C-kit neste tumor e correlacionar esta expressão com os principais fatores prognósticos do retinoblastoma. Material e Métodos: Oitenta e quatro blocos de parafina foram selecionados do arquivo do laboratório de patologia ocular Henry C. Witelson, Montreal, Canada. A imunohistoquímica do C-kit foi realizada de modo automatizado e os resultados foram correlacionados com a idade dos pacientes por ocasião do diagnóstico, grau de diferenciação tumoral e presença ou não de invasão de coróide e nervo óptico. O valor de p menor que 0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: A expressão imuno-histoquímica do C-Kit foi observada em 33/63 (52.38%) dos espécimes analisados. Apenas 2 dos 13 (15.4%) tumores que não apresentaram invasão de nervo óptico ou coróide foram positivos para C-kit. Por outro lado, a expressão do C-kit foi observada em 31 (62%) dos 50 tumores que apresentaram algum tipo de invasão seja para coróide ou nervo óptico , 26 dos 44 espécimes com envolvimento de coróide (59.9%), e 20 dos 29 com invasão de nervo óptico (68.96%). Quatorze dos 25 espécimes (56%) moderadamente ou bem diferenciados e 19 dos 38 (50%) pouco diferenciados apresentaram positividade para o C-kit. Dos 41 espécimes provenientes de pacientes com idade superior a 1 ano, e dos 14 (42.80%) com idade até 1 ano a expressão do C-kit foi observada em 21 (51,21%) e 6 (42.80%) espécimes respectivamente. Conclusões: Mais da metade dos retinoblastomas estudados expressaram o C-kit . A expressão do C-kit apresenta correlação estatisticamente significante com a a invasão de nervo óptico. / Purpose: C-kit is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase protein thought to play an important role in tumorigenesis. With the development of the compound Imatinib Mesylate which specifically inhibits tyrosine kinase receptors, C-kit has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. This study aims to determine the immunoexpression of C-kit in retinoblastoma and correlate this expression with histopathological prognostic features. Methods: Eighty-four paraffin-embedded enucleation globes of retinoblastoma were collected from the archives of the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Registry. C-kit immunostaining was used according to the protocol provided by Ventana Medical System Inc., Arizona. Immunoreactivity was correlated with the presence or absence of invasion into the choroid and optic nerve and the degree of tumour defferentiation. Odds ratios were calculated to quantify differences in C-kit expression between tumours with different patterns of invasion. Results: C-kit expression was identified in 33/63 specimens analysed (53.8%).Two of 13 tumours without choroidal or optic nerve invasio (15.4%) were positive for C-kit. C-kit expression was seen in 31 of the 50 tumours with extraretinal invasion (62%, p<0.01), 26 of 44 specimens with choroidal involvement (59.9%, p<0.02), and 20 of the 29 with optic nerve involvement (68.96%, p<0.02). Fourteen of 25 moderate or well-diferentiated specimens (56%) and 19 of 38 undifferentiated specimens (50%) displayed positivity for C-kit (p>0.5). Conclusions: More than half of Retinoblastomas in this study expressed C-kit. The expression of Ckit in these retinoblastomas strongly correlated with histopathological features of worse prognosis including optic nerve and choroidal invasion. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4753.pdf: 1261523 bytes, checksum: 7802c9bd1dbab10838d6a359341731c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / With this research the aim is to analyze the different discourses propagated in the Brazilian media, referring to the repercussion of the possibility of the approval of the educational material: the Anti-homophobia kit, produced and developed by MEC / SECADI, based on the project, A Homophobia-free School, between 2008 and 2010. This material is intended to support the educational task in tackling prejudice against sexual diversity and combat homophobia in schools. As methodological option, we will work with Foucaultian Arqueogenealogy, given that this event falls within the domain of knowledge and power. In this sense, it is allied to the understanding that the discourse is complex, transient, mobile, marked by historical relationships and practices that are actually alive within the discourse itself. This cannot be reduced to a set of signs and signifiers; nor is it causal. Before, it is subject to the law of becoming. In this slant, and in the understanding that sexuality is historically produced, functioning as a device of sexuality, we proceed in the first instance to analyses of the following audiovisual materials: Finding Bianca, Probability and Torpedo. Subsequently, we analyze the discourses propagated on the educational material and on sexual diversities. The entire discursive trajectory and its detailed examination offers tools which make it possible to understand the Anti-homophobia kit as a device of power. Thus, as we proceed through the discursive tangle and begin to unravel the minutiae produced by the discourses, it can be seen that these construct themselves in such a manner as to produce truth about sexual diversities, and to engender forms of subjectification of the differences. Specifically, strategies are perceived to purge or make palatable any expression of strangeness concerning: transvestites, transsexuals, lesbians, gays, bisexuals or transgender individuals. The Anti-homophobia kit resource reaffirms traditional models of heteronormativity, even though the discourses subtly construct themselves in defense of the subjects one wishes to normalize. / Objetiva-se analisar, com esta pesquisa, os diferentes discursos propagados na mídia brasileira referentes à repercussão da possibilidade de aprovação do material educacional: kit anti-homofobia, produzido e elaborado pelo MEC/SECADI a partir do projeto Escola Sem Homofobia, entre os anos de 2008 a 2010. Esse material destina-se a apoiar o trabalho pedagógico no enfretamento do preconceito contra a diversidade sexual e combate à homofobia na escola. Como opção metodológica, trabalhar-se-á com a arqueogenealogia foucaultiana, uma vez que esse acontecimento se insere numa ordem de saber e poder. Nesse sentido, partilha-se do entendimento de que o discurso é complexo, transitório, móvel, marcado pelas relações históricas e práticas que estão vivas no próprio discurso. Esse não se resume a um conjunto de signos e significantes; tampouco é causal. Antes, é submetido à lei do devir. Nesse viés, e na compreensão de que a sexualidade é historicamente produzida, funcionando como dispositivo da sexualidade, procede-se em um primeiro momento às análises dos seguintes materiais audiovisuais: Encontrando Bianca, Probabilidade e Torpedo. Posteriormente, analisamse os discursos propagados sobre o material educativo e sobre as diversidades sexuais. Toda a trajetória discursiva e seu esmiuçar oferece ferramentas para que se possa compreender o kit anti-homofobia como um dispositivo de poder. Assim, ao caminhar nos emaranhados discursivos e destrinçar as minúcias produzidas pelos discursos, vê-se que esses se arquitetam de forma a produzir verdades sobre as diversidades sexuais, e a engendrar formas de assujeitamento das diferenças. Especificamente, percebem-se estratégias para esvaziar ou tornar palatável qualquer expressão de estranheza das/dos: travestis, transexuais, lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transgêneros. O dispositivo kit antihomofobia reafirma tradicionais modelos da heteronormatividade, ainda que os discursos sutilmente se construam em defesa dos sujeitos que se quer normalizar.

The purpose of this study is to develop and education kit of solar energy generation from insolation, temperature and variable charges data for the teaching-learning in photovoltaic, electronics and instrumentation solar energy. The application of this tool will allow exploring the full potential of the student and the improvement of the theoretical contents through hands-on activities in and outside the classroom. The teaching kit provides the learner direct contact with physical and instrumental reality, and successively awakening creativity and solutions to everyday problems in many different areas, through interdisciplinary and altogether learning. / O trabalho propõe desenvolver um kit didático de geração de energia solar a partir de dados de insolação, temperatura e cargas variáveis para o ensino-aprendizagem em energia solar fotovoltaica, eletrônica e instrumentação. A aplicação desta ferramenta auxiliar possibilitará explorar o máximo potencial do estudante e o aprimoramento dos conteúdos teóricos através de atividades práticas em sala de aula e ambientes externos. O Kit didático oferece ao estudante o contato direto com a realidade física, instrumental e, sucessivamente, despertando a criatividade e soluções de situações-problemas do cotidiano em diversas áreas, através de trabalhos cooperativos e interdisciplinares.

La thrombopoïétine (TPO) favorise successivement la prolifération et la maturation des progéniteurs mégacaryocytaires, soulevant la question du mécanisme expliquant cette dualité d'action. La signalisation SCF/ c-Kit est essentielle pour la prolifération de tous les progéniteurs hématopoïétiques, alors que l'extinction de l'expression du récepteur c-Kit est requise pour l'engagement en différenciation terminale. Réciproquement, l'équipe a montré que la stimulation de la voie Notch affecte une sous-population de progéniteurs bipotents érythro-mégacaryocytaires exprimant fortement CD9 (tétraspanine induite durant la maturation mégacaryocytaire) et favorise la reprise de leurs divisions au détriment de leur différenciation mégacaryocytaire terminale. Cet effet de la voie Notch s'accompagne d'une augmentation de l'expression de c-Kit. Ces observations m'ont conduite à m'intéresser aux mécanismes de régulation de c-Kit par la TPO en m'appuyant sur un modèle de progéniteurs bipotents immortalisés et dont la prolifération est strictement dépendante de la TPO (cellules G1ME). Les travaux réalisés durant ma thèse m'ont permis d'établir que (i) La stimulation des cellules G1ME par le ligand de Notch DLL1 favorise l'expression de c-Kit et réprime celle de CD9 (ii) L'activation inattendue de c-Kit par la TPO contribue à la prolifération (iii) c-Kit contribue activement à restreindre la polyploïdisation des cellules G1ME en présence de TPO (iv) La tétraspanine CD9 elle-même réprime l'expression de c-Kit à la membrane. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous proposons le modèle selon lequel, la TPO participerait à la fois à la prolifération des progéniteurs du fait de sa capacité à activer c-Kit, mais contribue aussi à l'augmentation de l'expression de CD9 qui en atteignant un seuil suffisant conduit à l'extinction de l'expression de c-Kit à la surface, entrainant alors l'arrêt des divisions et la différenciation mégacaryocytaire terminale / The Thrombopoietin (TPO) favors both the proliferation and the maturation of megakaryocytic progenitors, raising the question of the molecular mechanism explaining its dual function. SCF/ c-Kit signaling is essential for all hematopoietic progenitors amplification, whereas terminal differentiation requires the extinction of c-Kit receptor expression. Reciprocally, we evidenced in our team that Notch stimulation enables the induction of c-Kit expression and act on a particular subpopulation of bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitors highly expressing the tetraspanin CD9 (induced during megakaryocytic maturation) and favors their re-entry in a cycling state by blocking their megakaryocytic maturation. These observations lead to the investigation of the molecular mechanism of c-Kit regulation by TPO in a cellular model of bipotent progenitors immortalized and dependent on TPO, the G1ME cells. During my thesis, I evidenced that: i) Notch stimulation induces the expression of c-Kit while repressing CD9 expression; ii) Surprisingly TPO is able to activate c-Kit allowing its contribution to cell proliferation; iii) c-Kit also represses megakaryocytic polyploidization (endomitosis characterizing megakaryocytic maturation) of G1ME cells; iv) The tetraspanin CD9 represses the expression of c-Kit. The ensemble of these data allows us to propose the following model wherein TPO activates c-Kit allowing the proliferation of megakaryocytic progenitors, while concomitantly induces the expression of the tetraspanin CD9 that will reach a sufficient level to provoke the extinction of c-Kit expression at the cell surface, thus enabling the arrest of cell cycling progress and the engagement into terminal megakaryocytic maturation

Paired box protein - 8 (PAX8) är ett protein kodat av PAX8-genen som lokaliseras i kromosom 2. PAX8 reglerar transkriptionen för organogenesen av tyreoidea, placenta, njure samt innerörat. MRQ-50 är en klon mot PAX8 som används för klinisk patologisk diagnostik inom Region Skåne. Det har visat sig att MRQ-50 korsreagerar med lymfocyter och andra PAX-proteiner i vävnaden. Syftet med studien var att utveckla och optimera ett protokoll för maskinell immunhistokemisk färgning med en alternativ klon av PAX8 antikropp, klon SP348. Immunhistokemi (IHC) används för detektion av antigen i vävnadssnitt och används som komplement inom histopatologi. I denna studie undersöktes två olika varianter av samma klon SP348, Anti PAX8 antibody [SP348] –N- terminal (PAX8-N) samt Anti PAX8 antibody [SP348] - BSA and Azid free (PAX8-B). Flera olika förbehandlingsprotokoll testades i Roche Ventana Benchmark ultra. Förbehandlingsprotokollen hade olika tid och temperatur samt två olika förbehandlingsbuffertar, CC1 och CC2. Två olika visualiserings kit användes, OptiView DAB IHC detektion kit och UltraView Universal DAB kit. Protokollnummer 4818 med buffert CC1 ansågs som bäst där inkubationstiden var 48 minuter med temperaturen 100C. PAX8-N hade en betydligt renare kontrastinfärgning och starkare intensitet jämfört med PAX8-B som hade måttlig till stark kontrast i majoriteten av vävnaderna som analyserades. Vid jämförelse med MRQ-50, klon som används kliniskt inom Region Skåne, visar PAX8-N en renare infärgning. / Paired box protein - 8 (PAX8) is a protein encoded by the PAX8 gene located on chromosome 2. PAX8 regulates the transcription for organogenesis of thyroid, placenta, kidney and inner ear. MRQ-50 is a clone directed against PAX8 and used for clinical diagnostics within Region Skåne. MRQ-50 has been shown to cross-react with lymphocytes and other PAX genes in tissues. The purpose of the study was to optimize a protocol for automated immunohistochemical staining with an alternative antibody clone directed to PAX8, clone SP348. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to detect antigens in tissue sections and is used as a complement within histopathology. In this study, two different variants of the same clone SP348, Anti PAX8 antibody [SP348] -N terminal (PAX8-N) and Anti PAX8 antibody [SP348] - BSA and Azide free (PAX8-B) were investigated. Several pre-treatment protocols were tested on Ventana Benchmark ultra from Roche. The pre-treatment protocols had different incubation time, temperature and two different pre-treatment buffers, CC1 and CC2. Two different detection kits were used, OptiView DAB IHC detection kit and UltraView Universal DAB kit. The protocol number 4818 with buffer CC1, incubation time of 48 minutes and temperature of 100C was considered optimal. PAX8-N had a significantly clearer contrast staining och stronger intensity compared to PAX8-B which had a moderate to strong contrast in the majority of the tissues analyzed. When compared to MRQ-50, the currently used clone clinically in Region Skåne, PAX8-N shows a cleaner staining.

Master’s thesis deals with the design of development kit for communication between a microcontroller and a computer using USB, Bluetooth, WiFi and Ethernet interfaces. In the theoretical introduction is the analysis of theese interfaces and the interfaces used for communication by the microcontroller. In the next part, components for the development kit are selected. Then a wiring diagram and the printed circuit board is designed. Next, the firmware design is described. The last chapter deals with the implementation and testing of the development kit. The appendix contains a proposal for a laboratory task to introduce the development kit to students.

För att ta reda på vilka utmaningar designers upplever i samband med distribuerade workshops genomfördes en förstudie där designers intervjuades och utifrån intervjuerna kunde flera utmaningar identifieras. Bland annat var det utmanande att få deltagare engagerade, att få dialoger och samtal att fungera bra över videosamtal och att tekniken inte var tillräckligt lättanvänd för alla deltagare. Efter förstudien valdes en av dessa utmaningar ut som fokus för en uppföljningsstudie och utmaningen som valdes var att höja engagemanget hos deltagare i distribuerade designworkshops. För att undersöka detta genomfördes studien med designforsknignsmetoder där skisser och olika prototyper utformades och utvärderades. Den slutgiltiga prototypen av ett fysiskt workshop-kit testades i ett experiment med mellangruppsdesign där engagemanget mättes med User Engagement Scale. Efter workshoparna intervjuades även flera deltagare ur varje grupp om deras upplevelse.  Resultatet från User Engagement Scale påvisade inte någon statiskt signifikant skillnad mellan de två grupperna men i intervjuerna lyftes flera olika aspekter och attribut som bidrar till engagemanget, vare sig ett workshop-kit används eller ej. Inledningsvis behöver det väckas ett intresse genom det första intrycket och då är workshop-kitet en värdefull tillgång då det väcker intresse och spänning hos deltagarna genom den visuella utformningen och spänning inför vad det kan innehålla.   För att behålla engagemanget under workshopen är det viktigt att deltagarna får vara aktiva och interagera snarare än att vara passiva. När de själva är aktiva ökar deras anknytning till workshopen vilket bidrar till engagemanget. Det bidrar även ifall de får vara med och influera de olika momenten, exempelvis genom omröstningar eller att få ta ledaransvar under olika moment. Anknytning kan även skapas socialt i gruppen för att höja engagemanget. Workshop-kitet var utformat för att stötta den sociala interaktionen i gruppen, något som flera deltagare upplevde hade en positiv inverkan på gruppdynamiken och workshopen.  När fysiska artefakter utformas för workshops är det fördelaktigt ifall de är visuellt tilltalande och intresseväckande då det skapar spänning inför workshopen och de olika momenten, detta hjälper till att öka engagemanget. Att ha variation i workshopen bidrar även till bibehållandet av engagemanget hos deltagarna, workshop-kitet bör således bidra till variation och nya intresseväckande moment under workshopen. Vid utformandet av det fysiska workshop-kitet är det även viktigt att ha i åtanke att det behöver stötta den digitala workshopen samtidigt som den inte ersätter funktioner som fungerar bättre online och de fördelar som finns med online-verktyg. Utifrån detta rekommenderas det att de fysiska föremålen ska kunna användas av varje deltagare enskilt och att samarbetet inte bygger på att deltagarna kan se eller interagera med varandras artefakter. / In order to understand what challenges designers experience when facilitating distributed workshops, a study was conducted where designers were interviewed about their experiences. From this several challenges were identified, for example, that it is difficult to get participants engaged, to have group conversations over video call and that the technical tools might be too difficult to use for some workshop participants. After this, another study was performed focusing on the question of increasing the engagement of participants in distributed workshops. In order to answer this question, the study followed a research through design approach where sketches and prototypes were made and the final prototype of a physical workshop-kit was evaluated in an experiment with an experimental group and a control group. The User Engagement Scale was used to measure the engagement and after the workshops several interviews were conducted with participants about their experience participating.  The result from the Use Engagement Scale did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups, however, several attributes and aspects contributing to engagement were mentioned in the interviews. To start with, there needs to be an interest that sparks the engagement, this can be done with the physical workshop kit since it looks interesting and makes the participants eager to know what it contains.   In order to maintain the engagement during the workshop it is important that the participants are kept active rather than passive, this creates a connection that increases the engagement. Another way to increase the connection is by letting the participants influence the workshop, for example through voting or by letting them take leadership in some activities in the workshop. There can also be a social connection in the group which increases the engagement and the workshop-kit was partly aimed at facilitating the social interaction in order to increase the engagement. This had a positive effect on the group dynamics and the workshop according to participants.  When physical artifacts are designed for a workshop it is beneficial if they are visually appealing and interesting since that creates interest leading up to the workshop, this interest increases the engagement. To have variation in the workshop also increases the engagement and thus the workshop-kit could be designed to support variation and new interesting activities during the workshop. Another aspect to keep in mind when designing a physical workshop-kit for distributed workshops is that it needs to support the digital workshop but at the same time not replace the strengths of the digital tools. Based on this it is recommended that the physical artifacts are designed to be used individually by the participants and that the cooperation does not build on the participants being able to see or interact with each other's artifacts. / <p>Framläggningen genomfördes på distans över videosamtal i Microsoft Teams.</p>

Yes / Background The issue of opioid use and misuse is current and topical at present with reports of opioid epidemics in the USA and the increasing use of opioids in other parts of the world. The New Scientist asserted that America was in the throes of an opioid epidemic with reports of fatalities linked to physical contact with fentanyl. Discussions have progressed from an American focus to speculating on the spread of this issue to UK cities, Glasgow in particular. Safety issues have more recently come to light regarding the physical application and management of specific drug forms e.g. opioid transdermal patches (OTPs). The prescribing, application and safe disposal of OTPs within both healthcare settings and personal dwellings is critical to the effective use of these products. Healthcare professionals have a duty of care and responsibility to ensure the safe application and disposal of OTPs. Aims The aims of this study were to 1) gain insight into current practices of healthcare professionals regarding OTPs (fentanyl and buprenorphine) disposal practices and 2) identify Abstract knowledge and system awareness surrounding the disposal of these products in care home settings. Methods We decided to focus on care homes due to the estimated high prevalence of prescribing of OTPs in these care settings. The study was undertaken by the University of Bradford School of Pharmacy in 2015 and the participant sample focussed on the North of England (UK). Results The findings (based on 56 survey responses) displayed a significant variation in current disposal practices and a lack of specific working policies. We unearthed anomalies in the participants’ knowledge of the active ingredient volume held in depleted patches which, if not disposed of correctly, can lead to harm. This has highlighted the need for more thorough training and education on the safe and effective management of OTPs. Conclusions Further education and training is needed regarding safe disposal practices of OTPs, with the suggestion of pharmacist-led interventions. This will minimise confusion and reinforce safe disposal practices (denaturing products) and support the reduction of unsafe disposal practices (domestic waste or flushing).

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.