Techn. University, Diss., 2002--Berlin.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la géométrie non-commutative - aux triplets spectraux en particulier - comme moyen d'unifier gravitation et modèle standard de la physique des particules. Des triplets spectraux permettant une telle unification on déjà été construits dans le cas des variétés riemanniennes. Il s'agit donc ici de généraliser au cas des variétés semi-riemanniennes, et d'appliquer ensuite au cas lorentzien, qui est d'une importance particulière en physique. C'est ce que nous faisons dans la première partie de la thèse, ou le passage du cas riemannien au cas semi-riemannien nous oblige à nous intéresser à des espaces vectoriels de signatures indéfinies (et non définies positives), dits espaces de Krein. Ceci est une conséquence de notre étude des algèbres de Clifford indéfinies et des structures Spin sur variétés semi-riemanniennes. Nous généralisons ensuite les triplets spectraux en triplets dits indéfinis en conséquence de cela. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous appliquons le formalisme des formes différentielles non-commutatives à nos triplets indéfinis pour formuler des théories de jauge non-commutatives sur espace-temps lorentzien. Nous montrons ensuite comment obtenir le modèle standard. / The subject of this thesis is noncommutative geometry - more specifically spectral triples - and how it can be used to unify General Relativity with the Standard Model of particle physics. This unification has already been achieved with spectral triples for Riemannian manifolds. The main concern of this thesis is to generalize this construction to semi-Riemannian manifolds generally, and Lorentzian manifolds in particular. The first half of this thesis will thus be dedicated to the transition from Riemannian to semi-Riemannian manifolds. This entails a study of Clifford algebras for indefinite vector spaces and Spin structures on semi-Riemannian manifolds. An important consequence of this is the introduction of complex vector spaces of indefinite signature. These are the so-called Krein spaces, which will enable us to generalize spectral triples to indefinite spectral triples. In the second half of this thesis, we will apply the formalism of noncommutative differential forms to indefinite spectral triples to construct noncommutative gauge theories on Lorentzian spacetimes. We will then demonstrate how to recover the Standard Model.

On decrit un procede de regularisation de la theorie de Birman-Krein pour des perturbations a longue portee du Laplacien. Si les coefficients de la perturbation ne sont plus integrables, en particulier L^2, on etend un resultat du a Koplienko qui prouve l'existence d'une phase de diffusion qui regularise la phase de diffusion usuelle de Birman-Krein. On donnne diverses asymptotiques semi-classiques de cette phase regularisees ainsi que des liens avec les matrices de diffusions et des determinants de Fredholm. Puis, on applique ces resultats a la demonstration d'une formule de trace du type "formule de Levinson".

En esta memoria se incluyen diversas alternativas a una teoría de krein-milman no arquimediana las cuales vienen sugeridas bien por intentos anteriores de otros autores bien por conseguir una teoría unificada en los casos arquimediano o no o bien por lograr una teoría independiente del cuerpo valuado y que en condiciones de comparación dan lugar a resultados muy similares / This monography provides several alternatives to a non-Archimedan Krein-Milman Theory. They are suggested by some previous attempts to this subject carried out by other authors, as well as by the aim of getting an unified theory that works in the Archimede and in the non-Archimedean cases, in the sense that in the Archimedean context, this theory coincides with the well-known one existing in the classical literature

This thesis deals with the generalized version of the Krein-Milman theorem, as it was stated in the work of Webster-Winkler. We introduce basic definitions, extending convexity notions in the classical sense to the setting of matrix convex sets. Further on, we study important theorems which are needed to prove the main result, for example, a representation result, which states that any compact matrix convex set is matrix affinely homeomorphic to the matricial version of the state space on some operator system. In the final part, we provide a proof of the matrix Krein-Milman theorem. 1

This thesis is concerned with analysis of spectral and orbital stability of solitary wave solutions to discrete and continuous PT-symmetric nonlinear Schroedinger equations. The main tools of this analysis are inspired by Hamiltonian systems, where conserved quantities can be used for proving orbital stability and Krein signature can be computed for prediction of instabilities in the spectrum of linearization. The main results are obtained for the chain of coupled pendula represented by a discrete NLS model, and for the trapped atomic gas represented by a continuous NLS model. Analytical results are illustrated with various numerical examples. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

In this dissertation, we solve multivariable Nevanlinna-Pick type interpolation problems. Particularly, we consider the left tangential interpolation problems on the commutative or noncommutative unit ball. For the commutative setting, we discuss left-tangential operator-argument interpolation problems for Schur-class multipliers on the Drury-Arveson space and for the noncommutative setting, we discuss interpolation problems for Schur-class multipliers on Fock space. We apply the Krein-space geometry approach (also known as the Grassmannian Approach). To implement this approach J-versions of Beurling-Lax representers for shift-invariant subspaces are required. Here we obtain these J-Beurling-Lax theorems by the state-space method for both settings. We see that the Krein-space geometry method is particularly simple in solving the interpolation problems when the Beurling-Lax representer is bounded. The Potapov approach applies equally well whether the representer is bounded or not. / Ph. D.

In this thesis we study quantitative weak compactness in spaces (C(K), τp) and later in Banach spaces. In the first chapter we introduce several quantities, which in different manners measure τp-noncompactness of a given uniformly bounded set H ⊂ RK . We apply the results in Banach spaces in chapter 2, where we prove (among others) a quantitative version of the Eberlein-Smulyan theorem. In the third chapter we focus on convex closures and how they affect measures of noncompactness. We prove a quantitative version of the Krein-Smulyan theorem. The first three chapters show that measuring noncompactness is intimately related to measuring distances from function spaces. We follow this idea in chapters 4 and 5, where we measure distances from Baire one functions first in RK and later also in Banach spaces. 1

The main objective of the present thesis is to investigate: What are the properties of the Ising and Potts model coupled to a CDT emsemble? For that objective, we used two methods: (1) transfer matrix formalism and Krein-Rutman theory. (2) FK representation of the q -state Potts model on CDTs and dual CDTs. Transfer matrix formalism permite us to obtain spectral properties of the transfer matrix using the Krein-Rutman theorem [KR48] on operators preserving the cone of positive func- tions. This yields results on convergence and asymptotic properties of the partition function and the Gibbs measure and allows us to determine regions in the parameter quarter-plane where the free energy converges. Second methods permite us to determine a region in the quadrant of parameters , > 0 where the critical curve for the classical model can be located. We also provide lower and upper bounds for the innite-volume free energy. Finally, using arguments of duality on graph theory and hight-T expansion we study the Potts model coupled to CDTs. This approach permite us to improve the results obtained for Ising model and obtain lower and upper bounds for the critical curve and free energy. Moreover, we obtain an approximation of the maximal eigenvalue of the transfer matrix at lower temperature. / O objetivo principal da presente tese é pesquisar : Quais são as propriedades do modelo de Ising e Potts acoplado ao emsemble de CDT? Para estudar o modelo usamos dois métodos: (1) Matriz de transferência e Teorema de Krein-Rutman. (2) Representação FK para o modelo de Potts sobre CDT e dual de CDT. Matriz de transferência permite obter propriedades espectrais da Matriz de transferência utilizando o Teorema de Krein-Rutman [KR48] sobre operadores que conservam o cone de funções positivas. Também obtemos propriedades asintóticas da função de partição e das medidas de Gibbs. Esses propriedades permitem obter uma região onde a energia livre converge. O segundo método permite obter uma região onde a curva crítica do modelo pode estar localizada. Além disso, também obtemos uma cota superior e inferior para a energia livre a volume infinito. Finalmente, utilizando argumentos de dualidade em grafos e expansão em alta temperatura estudamos o modelo de Potts acoplado as triangulações causais. Essa abordagem permite generalizar o modelo, melhorar os resultados obtidos para o modelo de Ising e obter novas cotas, superior e inferior, para a energia livre e para a curva crítica. Além disso, obtemos uma aproximação do autovalor maximal do operador de transferência a baixa temperatura.

The main objective of the present thesis is to investigate: What are the properties of the Ising and Potts model coupled to a CDT emsemble? For that objective, we used two methods: (1) transfer matrix formalism and Krein-Rutman theory. (2) FK representation of the q -state Potts model on CDTs and dual CDTs. Transfer matrix formalism permite us to obtain spectral properties of the transfer matrix using the Krein-Rutman theorem [KR48] on operators preserving the cone of positive func- tions. This yields results on convergence and asymptotic properties of the partition function and the Gibbs measure and allows us to determine regions in the parameter quarter-plane where the free energy converges. Second methods permite us to determine a region in the quadrant of parameters , > 0 where the critical curve for the classical model can be located. We also provide lower and upper bounds for the innite-volume free energy. Finally, using arguments of duality on graph theory and hight-T expansion we study the Potts model coupled to CDTs. This approach permite us to improve the results obtained for Ising model and obtain lower and upper bounds for the critical curve and free energy. Moreover, we obtain an approximation of the maximal eigenvalue of the transfer matrix at lower temperature. / O objetivo principal da presente tese é pesquisar : Quais são as propriedades do modelo de Ising e Potts acoplado ao emsemble de CDT? Para estudar o modelo usamos dois métodos: (1) Matriz de transferência e Teorema de Krein-Rutman. (2) Representação FK para o modelo de Potts sobre CDT e dual de CDT. Matriz de transferência permite obter propriedades espectrais da Matriz de transferência utilizando o Teorema de Krein-Rutman [KR48] sobre operadores que conservam o cone de funções positivas. Também obtemos propriedades asintóticas da função de partição e das medidas de Gibbs. Esses propriedades permitem obter uma região onde a energia livre converge. O segundo método permite obter uma região onde a curva crítica do modelo pode estar localizada. Além disso, também obtemos uma cota superior e inferior para a energia livre a volume infinito. Finalmente, utilizando argumentos de dualidade em grafos e expansão em alta temperatura estudamos o modelo de Potts acoplado as triangulações causais. Essa abordagem permite generalizar o modelo, melhorar os resultados obtidos para o modelo de Ising e obter novas cotas, superior e inferior, para a energia livre e para a curva crítica. Além disso, obtemos uma aproximação do autovalor maximal do operador de transferência a baixa temperatura.