This diploma thesis is focused on modernization of traction passenger lift TOV 250. The first part diserts on todays technical conditions of lift. The second part is concerned with way of modernization of lift and the last third part is focused on basic static calculation of construction traction passenger lift.

Line following robots are a practical mechatronics solution in a world that is becoming more and more automated. With added gripping and lifting abilities, a very versatile robot can be created. The goal of this thesis was to create a prototype that could navigate a black line using infrared sensors whilst gripping and lifting a package. A working prototype was built and five different sensor placements were evaluated to assess which was optimal for linefollowing. The results showed that too close placement of the sensors led to a less stable system while more distance between the sensors made a faster and more accurate system. / Linjeföljarrobotar är en praktisk mekatroniklösning i en värld som blir allt mer automatiserad. Med grepp- och lyftförmågor kan en väldigt anpassningsbar robot skapas. Målet med detta arbete var att skapa en prototyp som kunde navigera en svart linje med hjälp av infraröda sensorer medan den greppade och lyfte ett paket. En fungerande prototyp byggdes och fem olika sensorplaceringar utvärderades för att bedöma vilken som var optimal för att följa en linje. Resultatet visade att för nära placering av sensorerna skapade instabilitet. Ett större avstånd mellan sensorerna var att föredra då detta gav ett snabbare och stabilare system.

Computing 3D high lift flows has been a challenge to the CFD community because of three important reasons: complex physics, complex geometries and large computational requirements. In the recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the suitability of various CFD solvers in computing 3D high lift flows, through the systematic studies carried out under High Lift Prediction workshops. The primary focus of these workshops is to assess the ability of the CFD solvers to predict CLmax and αmax associated with the high lift flows, apart from the predictability of lift and drag of such flows in the linear region. Now there is a reasonable consensus in the community about the ability of the CFD solvers to predict these quantities and fresh efforts to further understand the ability of the CFD solvers to predict more complex physics associated with these flows have already begun. The goal of this thesis is to assess the capability of the computational methods in predicting such complex flow phenomena associated with the 3D High-Lift systems. For evaluation NASA three element Trapezoidal wing configuration which poses a challenging task in numerical modeling was selected. Unstructured data based 3D RANS solver HiFUN (HiFUN stands for High Resolution Flow Solver for UNstructured Meshes) is used in investigating the high lift flow. The computations were run fully turbulent, using the one equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. A summary of the results obtained using the flow solver HiFUN for the 3D High lift NASA Trapezoidal wing are presented. Hybrid unstructured grids have been used for the computations. Grid converged solution obtained for the clean wing and the wing with support brackets, are compared with experimental data. The ability of the solver to predict critical design parameters associated with the high lift flow, such as αmax and CLmax is demonstrated. The utility of the CFD tools, in predicting change in aerodynamic parameters in response to perturbational changes in the configuration is brought out. The solutions obtained for the high lift configuration from two variants of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model are compared. To check the unsteadiness in the flow, particularly near stall, unsteady simulations were performed on static grid. Lastly, hysteresis on lower leg of lift curve is discussed, the results obtained for quasi-steady and dynamic unsteady simulations are presented. Inferences from the study on useful design practices pertaining to the 3D high lift flow simulations are summarized.

The topic of this thesis is the Design of an active patient lift. This project brings new ideas into the patient lift design problematice while using plastic molds. Overall plastic cover is the solution for agresive looks of current products. From the technical point of view this project combines current technologies into the new, so far nonexisting, solution. Thesis brings new views on lifts controls and movement while considering ergonomic and technological parameters.

L'utilisation de filtre mosaïque hyperspectral semble être la solution idéale pour alléger les imageurs spectraux utilisés lors des missions spatiales. Les contraintes liées à ce type d'utilisation imposent l'emploi de filtres interférentiels multicouches. Ces travaux ont pour but de trouver des solutions pour réaliser un filtre mosaïque hyperspectral avec des filtres interférentiels et non avec les résines colorées traditionnellement utilisées. Pour ce faire une étude théorique sur la simplification des designs des empilements interférentiels a été effectuée. Il en ressort que les empilements restent épais, ce qui complique leur structuration. Plusieurs méthodes de structurations ont été étudiées. En particulier le lift-off qui est la technique actuellement utilisé aujourd'hui et le lift-up. Cette dernière présente l'avantage de ne pas mettre en série le risque technologique associé à chaque réalisation de filtre. Un trade-off entre ces deux techniques a été fait ainsi que des réalisations expérimentales. Celles-ci ont ensuite été caractérisées par un banc de mesure développé dans ce but qui a permis de valider expérimentalement la technique utilisée. / Hyperspectral mosaic filter appears to be the perfect solution to lighten the spectral imagers used in space missions. Such applications require the use of multilayer interference filters. This work aims to find solutions to achieve hyperspectral mosaic filter with interference filters rather than the conventionally used coloured resins. In order to achieve this, a theoretical study on the simplification of multilayer designs was performed. It appears that the stacks are thicker, which makes them difficult to pattern. Several methods of patterning were studied, especially the lift-off technique which is traditionally used and the lift-up. The latter has the advantage to avoid adding the technological risk associated with each filter production. A trade-off between these two techniques was done as well as experimental productions. These were then characterized by a bench developed for this purpose which has experimentally validate the technique used.

Le 3D-SiP, 3D-System in package, est une branche de la microélectronique visant à intégrer de manière hétérogène divers composants pour obtenir des microsystèmes compacts, pensants et communiquants. Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de deux procédés laser pour fabriquer des microsystèmes 3D-SiP sur support flexibles. On étudie dans un premier temps l'ablation laser de polymère pour réaliser des cavités dans lesquelles des composants microélectroniques peuvent être placés. On utilise du poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA) dopé et greffé avec du pyrène, chromophore absorbant dans l'UV et on montre que, bien que le greffage du chromophore sur les chaînes du polymère améliore l'homogénéité, la qualité de l'ablation est suffisante lorsque le pyrène est simplement dispersé. On modifie également le PMMA avec du N3 pour le rendre réticulable et on constate l'apparition de structures surfaciques périodiques après ablation, dont on explique les mécanismes de formations probables. Dans un second temps, on étudie le dépôt de lignes conductrices par LIFT, Laser-Induced Forward Transfer, technique permettant de transférer par laser un matériau préalablement déposé sur un substrat donneur transparent. On utilise une encre contant des nanoparticules d'argent fusionnant après recuit pour imprimer goutte après goutte des lignes conductrices. On étudie l'éjection et le dépôt d'encre à grande vitesse (0,5 MHz) et on obtient pour la première fois des images d'éjections de plusieurs jets d'encre successifs. On démontre la possibilité d'imprimer des lignes conductrices à la vitesse de 4,3 m/s et on discute les critères clefs pour le contrôle de ce procédé. / 3D-System in package (3D-SiP) is a branch of microelectronics that aims at integrating several heterogeneous components into the same package, thus forming a compact device able to communicate and process data. The goal of this thesis is to study two laser processes to build 3D-SiP microsystems on flexible substrates. In a first part, we study the laser ablation of cavities in polymer in which microchips can be inserted. We use poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped and grafted with pyrene, a chromophore which absorbs in the UV range. We show that grafting the pyrene on the polymer side-chains increases the homogeneity but that the quality of ablation is sufficient when the pyrene is simply dispersed in the matrix. We also modify the PMMA with N3 to make it cross-linkable and we observe the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures upon laser irradiation. We discuss the mechanism most likely to explain their formation. On a second part, we use the LIFT (laser-induced forward transfer) technique, which uses a laser pulse to print a material deposited on a transparent donnor substrate. Using a silver nanoparticles ink, we deposit droplets that coalesce and form lines. We study the ejection and printing at high speed (0,5 MHz) and we visualize for the first time the ejection of several succesive jets. We show that it is possible to print electrical connections at 4.3 m/s and we discuss the criteria to control the process.

Direct lift control for aircraft has been around in the aeronautical industry for decades but is mainly used in commercial aircraft with dedicated direct lift control surfaces. The focus of this thesis is to investigate if direct lift control is feasible for a fighter aircraft, similar to Saab JAS 39 Gripen, without dedicated control surfaces. The modelled system is an aircraft that is inherently unstable and contains nonlinearities both in its aerodynamics and in the form of limited control surface deflection and deflection rates. The dynamics of the aircraft are linearised around a flight case representative of a landing scenario. Direct lift control is then applied to give a more immediate relation from pilot stick input to change in flight path angle while also preserving the pitch attitude. Two different control strategies, linear quadratic control and model predictive control, were chosen for the implementation. Since fighter aircraft are systems with fast dynamics it was important to limit the computational time. This constraint motivated the use of specialised methods to speed up the optimisation of the model predictive controller. Results from simulations in a nonlinear simulation environment supplied by Saab, as well as tests in high-fidelity flight simulation rigs with a pilot, proved that direct lift control is feasible for the investigated fighter aircraft. Sufficient control authority and performance when controlling the flight path angle were observed. Both developed controllers have their own advantages and which strategy is the most suitable depends on what the user prioritises. Pilot workload during landing as well as precision at touch down were deemed similar to conventional control.

The aerodynamic performance of low aspect ratio wings at low Reynolds numbers applicable to micro air vehicle design was studied in this thesis. There is an overall lack of data for this low Reynolds number range, particularly concerning details of local flow behavior along the span. Experiments were conducted to measure the local pressure distributions on a wing at various spanwise locations in a Reynolds number range 30000 < Re < 90000. The model wing consisted of numerous wing sections and had a rectangular planform with NACA0012 airfoil shape with aspect ratio of one. One wing section, with pressure ports at various chordwise locations, was placed at different spanwise locations on a wing to effectively obtain the local pressure information. Integration of the pressure distributions yielded the local lift coefficients. Comparison of the local lift distributions to optimal elliptic lift distribution was conducted. This comparison showed a sharply peaked lift distribution near the wing tip resulting in a drastic deviation from the equivalent elliptic lift distributions predicted by the finite wing theory. The local lift distributions were further analyzed to determine the total lift coefficients vs angle of attack curves, span efficiency factors and the induced drag coefficients. Measured span efficiency factors, which were lower than predictions of the elliptic wing theory, can be understood by studying deviations of measured lift from the elliptic lift distribution. We conclude that elliptic wing theory is not sufficient to predict these aerodynamic performance parameters. Overall, these local measurements provided a better understanding of the low Reynolds number aerodynamics of the low aspect ratio wings.

Nous étudions la possibilité de réaliser des cellules à base de diséléniure de cuivre, indium et gallium (CIGSe) à absorbeur ultra-mince, en réduisant l’épaisseur de la couche de CIGSe de 2500 nm jusqu’à 100 nm, tout en conservant un haut rendement de conversion.Grâce à l’utilisation d’outils de simulation numérique, nous étudions l’influence de la réduction d’épaisseur de l’absorbeur sur les paramètres photovoltaïques de la cellule. Une importante dégradation du rendement est observée, principalement attribuée à une réduction de la fraction de lumière absorbée par le CIGSe ainsi qu’à une collecte des porteurs de charge réduite dans les dispositifs ultraminces. Des solutions permettant de surmonter ces problèmes sont proposées et leur influence potentielle est numériquement simulée ; nous démontrons qu’une ingénierie de face avant (couche tampon alternative, couche anti-réfléchissante…) et de face arrière (contact arrière réfléchissant, diffusion de la lumière) sur une cellule CIGSe à absorbeur ultramince permet de potentiellement améliorer le rendement de la cellule solaire au niveau de celui d’une cellule à absorbeur référence (2.5 μm).Grâce à l’utilisation de techniques de gravure chimique sur des échantillons standards de CIGSe épais, nous réalisons des cellules solaires avec différentes épaisseurs d’absorbeurs, et nous étudions l’influence de l’épaisseur du CIGSe sur les paramètres photovoltaïques des cellules. Le comportement similaire aux simulations numériques.Une ingénierie du contact avant sur des cellules CIGSe à différentes épaisseurs est réalisée pour spécifiquement améliorer l’absorption dans la couche de CIGSe. Nous étudions l’influence d’une couche tampon alternative de ZnS, de la texturation de la fenêtre avant de ZnO:Al, et d’une couche anti-reflet sur la cellule solaire. D’importantes améliorations sont observées quelque soit l’épaisseur de la couche de CIGSe, ce qui permet d’obtenir des rendements de conversions supérieurs à ceux obtenus dans la configuration standard des dispositifs.Une ingénierie du contact arrière à basse température est également réalisée avec l’utilisation d’un procédé novateur combinant la gravure chimique du CIGSe avec un « lift-off » mécanique de la couche de CIGSe afin de la séparer du substrat de Molybdène. De nouveaux matériaux fortement réflecteur de lumière et précédemment incompatible avec le procédé de croissance du CIGSe sont utilisés comme contact arrière pour des cellules CIGSe ultra-minces. Une étude comparative en fonction de l’épaisseur de CIGSe entre des cellules avec contact arrière réfléchissant en Or (Au) et cellules solaires avec contact arrière standard Mo est effectuée. Le contact Au permet d’augmenter significativement le rendement de conversion des cellules solaires à absorbeur sub-microniques comparé au contact standard Mo avec un rendement de conversion supérieur à 10% obtenu sur une cellule CIGSe de 400 nm (comparé à 7.9% avec Mo).Afin de réduire encore plus l’épaisseur de la couche de CIGSe, jusque 100-200 nm, les modèles numériques montrent qu’il est nécessaire d’utiliser un réflecteur lambertien sur la face arrière de la cellule afin de maximiser l’absorption de la lumière. Un dispositif preuve de concept expérimental est réalisé avec une épaisseur de CIGSe de 200 nm et un réflecteur arrière lambertien, et ce dispositif est caractérisé par spectroscopie de transmission/réflexion. La réponse spectrale est déterminée en combinant des valeurs issues de simulation numérique et la mesure expérimental de l’absorption du dispositif. Nous calculons un courant de court circuit de 26 mA.cm-2 pour ce dispositif avec réflecteur lambertien, bien supérieur à ce qui est calculé pour la même structure sans réflecteur (15 mA.cm-2), et comparable au courant mesuré sur une cellule de référence de 2500 nm (28 mA.cm-2). L’utilisation de réflecteur lambertien pour des cellules CIGSe ultraminces est donc particulièrement adaptée pour maintenir de hauts rendements. / In this thesis, we investigate on the possibility to realize ultrathin absorber Copper Indium Gallium Di-Selenide (CIGSe) solar cells, by reducing the CIGSe thickness from 2500 nm down to 100 nm, while conserving a high conversion efficiency.Using numerical modeling, we first study the evolution of the photovoltaic parameters when reducing the absorber thickness. A strong decrease of the efficiency of the solar cell is observed, mainly related to a reduced light absorption and carrier collection for thin and ultrathin CIGSe solar cells. Solutions to overcome these problems are proposed and the potential improvements are modeled; we show that front side (buffer layer, antireflection coating) and back side (reflective back contact, light scattering) engineering of an ultrathin device can potentially increase the conversion efficiency up to the level of a standard thick CIGSe solar cell.By using chemical bromine etching on a standard thick CIGSe layer, we realize solar cells with different absorber thicknesses and experimentally study the influence of the absorber thickness on the photovoltaic parameters of the devices. Experiments show a similar trends to that observed in numerical modeling.Front contact engineering on thin CIGSe solar cell is realized to increase the specific absorption in CIGSe, including alternative ZnS buffer, front ZnO:Al window texturation and anti-reflection coating. Substantial improvements are observed whatever the CIGSe thickness, with efficiencies higher that the default configuration.A back contact engineering at low temperature is realized by using an innovative approach combining chemical etching of the CIGSe and mechanical lift-off of the CIGSe from the original Molybdenum (Mo) substrate. New highly reflective materials previously incompatible with the standard solar cell process are used as back contact for thin and ultrathin CIGSe solar cells, and a comparative study between standard Mo back contact and alternative reflective Au back contact solar cells is performed. The Au back reflector significantly enhance the efficiency of solar cell with sub-micrometer absorbers compared to the standard Mo back reflector; an efficiency higher than 10 % on a 400 nm CIGSe is obtained with Au back contact (7.9% with standard Mo back contact). For further reduction of the absorber thickness down to 100-200 nm, numerical modeling show that a lambertian back reflector is needed to fully absorb the incident light in the CIGSe. An experimental proof of concept device with a CIGSe thickness of 200 nm and a lambertian back reflector is realized and characterized by reflection/transmission spectroscopy, and the experimental spectral response is determined by combining simulation and experimentally measured absorption. A short circuit current of 26 mA.cm-2 is determined with the lambertian back reflector, which is much higher than what is obtained for the same device with no reflector (15 mA.cm-2), and comparable to the short circuit current measured on a reference 2500 nm thick CIGSe solar cell (28 mA.cm-2). Lambertian back reflectors are therefore found to be the most effective way to enhance the efficiency of an ultrathin CIGSe solar cell up to the level of a reference thick CIGSe solar cell.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeffersonDF_DISSERT.pdf: 1592605 bytes, checksum: aa61d131dd2eadfff386030e41f5bd71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-22 / The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) methods applied to the lifting of oil present as an area with growing demand technical and scientific in view of the optimizations that can be carried forward with existing processes. This dissertation has as main objective to present the development of embedded systems dedicated to a wireless sensor network based on IEEE 802.15.4, which applies the ZigBee protocol, between sensors, actuators and the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), aiming to solve the present problems in the deployment and maintenance of the physical communication of current elevation oil units based on the method Plunger-Lift. Embedded systems developed for this application will be responsible for acquiring information from sensors and control actuators of the devices present at the well, and also, using the Modbus protocol to make this network becomes transparent to the PLC responsible for controlling the production and delivery information for supervisory SISAL / As Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) aplicadas aos m?todos de eleva??o de petr?leo se apresentam como uma ?rea com crescente demanda t?cnico-cient?fica tendo em vista as otimiza??es que podem ser realizadas frente aos processos existentes. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados dedicados a uma rede de sensores sem fio baseada no padr?o IEEE 802.15.4, onde se aplica o protocolo ZigBee, entre os sensores, atuadores e o CLP (Controlador L?gico Program?vel), visando solucionar os problemas presentes nas fases de implanta??o e manuten??o da comunica??o f?sica atual das unidades de eleva??o de petr?leo baseadas no m?todo Plunger-Lift. Os sistemas embarcados desenvolvidos para essa aplica??o ser?o respons?veis por interpretar as informa??es dos sensores e comandar os atuadores dos dispositivos presentes no po?o, como tamb?m utilizar o protocolo Modbus para fazer com que essa rede se torne transparente para o CLP respons?vel pelo controle da produ??o e envio das informa??es para o supervis?rio SISAL