Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Trois inquiétudes, actuellement, dans le monde de la microbiologie médicale : la fréquence des infections nosocomiales, d'origine bactérienne dans plus de 60% des cas, la multiplication et la dissémination des résistances bactériennes, mais aussi la pénurie annoncée en molécules antibiotiques et antiseptiques. Il est indispensable de trouver de nouvelles molécules antibactériennes, avec un mécanisme d'action innovant. Nous présentons dans cette étude, l'évaluation d'une molécule innovante, calixarène purement synthétique, le para-guanidinoéthylcalix[4]arène (Cx1). Dans une 1ère partie de ce travail, nous avons montré que cette molécule se caractérise par : (i) une activité antibactérienne à large spectre, conservée sur des isolats cliniques tels que les SARM, les ERG ou les EBLSE ; (ii) une activité rapidement bactéricide, concentration-dépendante ; et (iii) une absence de cytotoxicité in vitro. Des interactions de type synergie sont obtenues avec de nombreux antibiotiques (ß-lactamines, fluoroquinolones, rifampicine, acide fusidique, tigécycline…) ; aucun antagonisme n'a été observé. Dans une 2ème partie, nous avons souligné l'absence de sélection de mutants résistants in vitro, après 30 passages, pour S. aureus et P. aeruginosa. Pour E. coli, des mutants résistants stables sont sélectionnés au delà de 15 ou 20 passages, avec un effet inoculum. Enfin, dans une 3ème partie, nous avons recherché la ou les cible(s) du Cx1 par diverses techniques, innovantes (microélectrophorèse, microscopie à force atomique) ou plus classiques (cytométrie en flux, liaison au LPS/LTA). L'ensemble des données recueillies converge vers l'existence d'une cible ou plusieurs cibles pariétales (liaison au LPS et au LTA, à d'autres structures ?). L'activité du Cx1 résulte en une modification des propriétés pariétales (densité de charge de surface, souplesse hydrodynamique, perméabilité membranaire) et en une augmentation de la rigidité bactérienne (pression osmotique). En conclusion, le Cx1 possède un potentiel intéressant en terme de nouvel antibactérien, mais de nombreuses inconnues demeurent encore concernant son mécanisme d'action. Cela laisse ouverte la porte à de nombreuses voies de recherche afin de mieux appréhender les cibles de cette molécule, et d'en optimiser les propriétés. / The progressive reduction of the therapeutic effectiveness of the available antibiotics and antiseptics as a result of the spread of antimicrobial resistance underlines the urgency of the development of new classes of drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. The major challenge is to find drugs that act against multiple multidrug-resistant strains, with a real new mechanism of action. The work presented here is an evaluation of the potential of the para-guanidinoethylcalix[4]arene (Cx1), as a new innovative antibacterial. In the first part of this work, we have demonstrated that Cx1 possess: (i) a broad-spectrum with an activity conserved against multidrug-resistant isolates such as MRSA, VRE or ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae; (ii) a rapid bactericidal and concentration-dependant activity; and (iii) an absence of cytotoxicity in vitro. Checkerboard studies have underlined a large number of synergies with numerous antibiotics (ß-lactamins, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, fusidic acid, tigecycline…) ; no antagonism have been observed. In the second part, we have showed that Cx1 was not able to select resistant mutants with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. For E. coli, we have observed resistant mutants beyond 15 or 20 passages, with inoculums effect. In the last part of this work, we have used various techniques in order to elucidate mechanism of action of Cx1: innovative techniques (microelectrophoresis, atomic force microscopy),and other more classical (flow cytometry, LPS/LTA sequestration). All data obtained conduct us to confirm our first hypothesis: Cx1 possess one or many targets on bacterial cell wall, and its activity was translated by wall changes (surface charge density, hydrodynamic properties, membrane permeability), and increase of bacterial rigidity (increase of turgor pressure). In conclusion, Cx1 appears as a good candidate as new antibacterial or adjuvant in anti-infectious therapy, but its real mechanism of action remains unknown. Numerous research ways remain to be investigated in order to better understand of targets of Cx1, and to optimize its antibacterial properties.

Krav om förbättrad spillvattenrening och städer som förgrenar sig över större områden är några av anledningarna till att dagens avloppsledningsnät får allt längre ledningssträckor. Att med gravitationens hjälp föra avloppsvatten framåt kräver ett kontinuerligt fall som vid långa avstånd kan innebära mycket schaktning, den ekonomiskt mest belastande delen vid nyinstallation av avloppsledningsnät. Ett fördelaktigt alternativ kan vara trycksatt avloppssystem, som sedan 70-talet har kompletterat de traditionella självfallssystem i kuperade och bergiga områden. På senare tid har trycksatt avloppsystem fått större användningsområde utanför sina etablerade bruksområden med anledning av skärpta krav på rening och kostnadseffektivitet. Självfallssystem är dock det mest använda avloppssystemet i urbana områden. För ett bostadsområde i utkanten av centrum, utanför de båda systemens vedertagna användningsområden, vore det därför intressant att undersöka vilket av avloppssystemen som är bäst lämpat. För VA-branschen generellt vore det också intressant att utreda hur de båda systemen står sig vid en jämförelse. Med anledning av detta var syftet med examensarbetet att jämföra trycksatt avloppssystem med självfallssystem på grundval av ekonomi, miljö och kapacitet. I tillägg undersöktes om några generella slutsatser kunde fastställas utifrån fallstudien. Undersökningen baserades på ett bostadsområde i utkanten av Fredrikstad centrum, som nyligen projekterats med självfall. Ett teoretiskt trycksatt avloppssystem projekterades. Ekonomi värderades utifrån drift- och underhållskostnader samt grund- och reinvesteringskostnader. Kapaciteten jämfördes numeriskt och via dimensioneringsmodeller. Vad gäller den miljömässiga jämförelsen utvärderades systemet med hjälp av rapporter utgivna av Svenskt Vatten och Norsk Vann. Det planerades en utbyggnad för området till dubbla antalet fastigheter vilket visade sig bli avgörande för det ekonomiska resultatet. Den vitala faktorn var de höga investerings- och driftskostnaderna för pumpenheterna vilket gjorde självfallssystemet mer ekonomiskt lämpligt. Även ur ett miljömässigt perspektiv var självfallssystemet marginellt bättre, givet att riskeffekterna inte rankades inbördes. Kapacitetsmässigt dimensioneras självfallssystem för nästan det dubbla flödet jämfört med trycksatt system, vilket ger det trycksatta systemet en kapacitet mer anpassad till behovet. Generellt sett antydde resultatet att trycksatt system var mer gynnsamt vid glesare bebyggelse. / As a result of stricter treatment requirements and city expantion the length of the sewer network is steadily increasing. To drain wastewater by gravity requires a continuous slope which often results in great excavation - a very costly part in the process. An advantageous alternative could be a pressurized sewer system, which has been a useful complement to traditional gravity systems in hilly or rocky areas since the 70’s. Even though pressurized sewer systems lately have tended to be more frequently used outside their common application area due to stricter requirements on treatment and cost-efficiency, gravity systems are still the most common sewer system in urban areas. Concerning this, it would be intresting to investigate which of the two systems that suites a residental area on the outskirts of a city center best, since the area is outside the traditional usage of the two established systems. In addition it would be interesting for the wastewater industry in general to investigate how the two systems compare.  For this reason the aim of this master thesis was to compare pressure sewer systems with gravity systems on the basis of economy, environment and capacity. In addition, it was examined whether any general conclusions could be determined from the case study. The survey was based on a residental area in the outskirts of Fredrikstad city center, recently designed with a gravity system. A theoretical pressure sewer system was designed. Economy was evaluated based on the operating and maintenance costs and basic and reinvestment costs. The capacity was compared numerically and through design templates. As for the environmental comparison, an evaluation was done on the basis of reports from the Swedish Water & Wastewater Association and Norwegian Water BA. An expansion to double the number of real properties was planned for the area of study, which proved to be crucial to the financial results. The gravity system was most appropriate from an economic standpoint and the vital factor was the high investment and operating costs for the pumping units. Even from an environmental point of view, the gravity system was maginally better. Given that the risk effects are not ranked relative to each other. In terms of capacity the gravity system was dimensioned for almost twice the flow compared to the pressure sewer systems, which gave the pressure sewer system a more adusted capacity. The result indicated that the pressure sewer system is favorable in densely built flexible areas.

Submitted by NATÁLIA POIANI HENRIQUES null (natihenriques@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-02T02:05:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HENRIQUES_NP_MS_PRUD_2017.pdf: 6694485 bytes, checksum: cd01092160e4ce028ff35a29fc2395ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-03-05T11:27:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 henriques_np_me_prud.pdf: 6694485 bytes, checksum: cd01092160e4ce028ff35a29fc2395ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T11:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 henriques_np_me_prud.pdf: 6694485 bytes, checksum: cd01092160e4ce028ff35a29fc2395ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é uma doença infecto-parasitária, não contagiosa, transmitida aos mamíferos através da picada de fêmeas de flebotomíneos, infectadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania. Caracterizada por afecções dermatológicas, a doença apresenta atualmente três padrões epidemiológicos e ampla distribuição geográfica. A preocupação em se entender a doença e seus fatores determinantes não é recente, e dentre eles, é preciso considerar como se processa a produção do espaço e a relação da sociedade com a natureza, o que reforça a importância dos estudos geográficos. Os Parques Estaduais do Aguapeí (PEA) e do Rio do Peixe (PERP) e os municípios que os integram, compõem a área do presente estudo, cujo objetivo geral consistiu em analisar a relação entre o espaço geográfico e a LTA, de modo a contribuir com a gestão destes espaços especialmente protegidos. Para tanto, na revisão bibliográfica, retomamos os processos de ocupação da região e os estudos da doença no estado de São Paulo em diferentes contextos históricos. Consideramos as notificações dos casos humanos da doença de 1998 a 2016, a ocorrência de casos nas proximidades dos parques e as relações socioespaciais existentes no interior dos mesmos. Utilizamos armadilhas luminosas tipo CDC para a captura de espécies de flebotomíneos e analisamos os planos de manejo com vistas à identificação da abordagem epidemiológica. Assim, constatamos que a situação epidemiológica da doença na área de interesse caracteriza-se por casos esporádicos com evidências da ocorrência de um surto em alguns municípios do PEA no ano de 2015, quando observamos um incremento significativo na participação da área de estudo nos casos totais do Estado. Foram capturadas 12 espécies de flebotomíneos, das quais Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Nyssomyia whitmani e Pintomyia fischeri estão associadas à transmissão da LTA. Constatamos ainda que os planos de manejo atuais não contemplam o levantamento entomológico e não abordam aspectos epidemiológicos desta ou de outras doenças. Considerando os perfis epidemiológicos da LTA e as relações sociais que ocorrem no interior dos parques, ao trazermos para a reflexão a noção de risco e vulnerabilidade em saúde, propomos ações e destacamos medidas preventivas individuais e coletivas, contribuindo para a gestão destes espaços no tocante ao risco da transmissão desta doença. / American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is a non-contagious infectious-parasitic disease transmitted to mammals through the bite of female sandflies infected by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Characterized by dermatological conditions, the disease currently presents three epidemiological patterns and a wide geographic distribution. The concern to understand the disease and its determinants is not recent, and among them, it is necessary to consider how the production of space and the relation of society to nature are processed, which reinforces the importance of geographic studies. Aguapeí and Rio do Peixe State Parks and the municipalities that comprise them integrate the area of the present study, whose general aim was to analyze the relationship between geographic space and the ACL, in order to contribute with the management of these specially protected spaces. Therefore, in the bibliographic review, we return to the processes of occupation of the region and the studies of the disease in the state of São Paulo in different historical contexts. We consider the reports of the human cases of the disease from 1998 to 2016, the occurrence of cases in the vicinity of the parks and the socio-spatial relationships existing within them. We used CDC type light traps to capture sandflies species and analyzed management plans to identify the epidemiological approach. Thus, we verified that the epidemiological situation of the disease in the area of interest is characterized by sporadic cases with evidence of the occurrence of an outbreak in some municipalities of the Aguapeí State Park in the year 2015, when we observed a significant increase in the participation of the study area in the total cases of state. Twelve species of sandflies were captured, of which Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Nyssomyia whitmani and Pintomyia fischeri are associated with the transmission of ACL. We also found that the current management plans do not contemplate the entomological survey and do not address the epidemiological aspects of this or other diseases. Considering the epidemiological profiles of the ACL and the social relations that occur within the parks, in bringing to the reflection the notion of risk and vulnerability in health, we propose actions and highlight individual and collective preventive measures, contributing to the management of these spaces in relation to the transmission of this disease. / FAPESP: 2012/23959-9

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-12-29T15:29:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Rosana Pereira Morais Balian - 2014.pdf: 11248041 bytes, checksum: c5e17257fc2aa971ce5615831d8147ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-12-29T15:36:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Rosana Pereira Morais Balian - 2014.pdf: 11248041 bytes, checksum: c5e17257fc2aa971ce5615831d8147ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-29T15:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Rosana Pereira Morais Balian - 2014.pdf: 11248041 bytes, checksum: c5e17257fc2aa971ce5615831d8147ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-30 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which affects the skin and/or mucous membranes, cause American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). It is an endemic zoonosis whose numbers of cases in the Brazil Midwest region are growing. In the Goiás state, 2798 ACL cases were been reported between 2007 and 2013. In the present study, our proposal was to investigate the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of ACL patients attended at the ambulatory of the Hospital Anuar Auad in the period 2000 at 2006 and identify the species of Leishmania sp. The study included 152 patients with ACL, 124 were from of the state of Goiás and 28 at Mato Grosso, aged between 6-79 years, and center and thirteen these individuals were male. For diagnosis, clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data were collected, such as direct examination (ED), histopathology (AH), Montenegro skin test (MST), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). ELISA using crude extract of L. (Viannia) braziliensis was performing. Characterization of Leishmania species was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The positivity of ED, AH, MST, IIF and ELISA was 70.6%, 80.9%, 68.9%, 44.2% and 73.0%, respectively. Specific IgG to L. (V.) braziliensis were detecting in 84.7% of patients with mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), significantly higher than those found in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which was 69.0% (p < 0.05). Detection of IgG before and after treatment was performed using ELISA and was observed a statistically significant difference only in samples obtained from patients with CL after 6 and 18 months of treatment. The data serological monitoring of patients with ACL before and after treatment indicates that the total IgG levels tend to decrease after 6 months of treatment. PCR was performed on 69 samples obtained from scraping the edge of lesions of patients with ATL, these, 62 (89.8%) were positive, 53 patients with LC and 9 patients with ML. The samples were characterized by PCR as L. (V.) braziliensis (93.5%) and L. (L.) amazonensis (6.5%). It was found that 25.8% of cases of leishmaniasis in the state of Goiás occurred in Campestre, Goiânia, Aparecida de Goiânia and Niquelândia. By analyzing the frequency of cases of ATL over the months during the years analyzed, it was observed that there was a distribution of ACL in all seasons from 2000 to 2006, with a larger number of cases in winter. PCR represents important and powerful tool in the diagnosis and species identification in ACL in endemic areas. ACL controlling in endemic areas is difficult and requires an accurate idea of its epidemiology. / A leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) é causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, que acomete pele e/ou mucosas. É uma zoonose endêmica, cujos números de casos na região Centro-Oeste são crescentes. No Estado de Goiás, foram notificados 2798 casos de LTA, entre os anos de 2007 e 2013. No presente trabalho a nossa proposta foi Investigar as características epidemiológicas e moleculares da LTA de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de endemias do hospital Anuar Auad no período de 2000 a 2006 e identificar as espécies de Leishmania spp. Participaram do estudo 152 pacientes com LTA, 124 do Estado de Goiás e 28 do Mato Grosso, com faixa etária de 6 a 79 anos. Destes, 113 eram do sexo masculino. Para o diagnóstico foi realizada a avaliação clínicoepidemiológica e laboratorial, tais como exame direto (ED), análise histopatológica (AH), intradermorreação de Montenegro (IRM), imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) e ELISA utilizando extrato total de L. (Viannia) braziliensis. Foi feita a caracterização das espécies de leishmânias por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). A positividade do ED, AH, IRM, IFI e ELISA foi de 70,6%, 80,9%, 68,9%, 44,2% e 73,0%, respectivamente. Foram detectadas IgG específica para L. (V.) braziliensis em 84,7% dos pacientes com leishmaniose mucosa (LM), sendo significativamente superiores às encontradas em pacientes com leishmaniose cutânea (LC), que foi de 69,0% (p<0,05). A detecção de IgG antes e após o tratamento foi feita utilizando ELISA e foi observado que apenas nas amostras dos pacientes com LC obtiveram uma diferença estatística significante após 6 e 18 meses de tratamento. Os dados do acompanhamento sorológico dos pacientes com LTA antes e após o tratamento indicam que os níveis de IgG total tendem a diminuir após 6 meses de tratamento. A PCR foi realizada em 69 amostras obtidas a partir de raspado das bordas das lesões de pacientes com LTA. Destes, 62 (89,8%) foram positivas, sendo 53 de pacientes com LC e nove de pacientes com LM. As amostras foram caracterizadas por PCR como Leishmania (V.) braziliensis (93,5%) e L. (L.) amazonensis (6,5%). Verificou-se que 25,8% dos casos de LTA no Estado de Goiás ocorreram em Campestre, Goiânia, Aparecida de Goiânia e Niquelândia. Ao analisar a frequência de casos de LTA ao longo dos meses durante os anos analisados, observou-se que houve uma distribuição de LTA em todas as estações do ano, com um maior número de casos no inverno. A PCR representa uma importante e poderosa ferramenta no diagnóstico e na identificação das espécies de LTA em áreas endêmicas. O controle da LTA em áreas endêmicas é difícil e requer uma ideia exata de sua epidemiologia.

No description available.

Tick saliva contains a lot of molecules with antihemostatic and immunosupressive effects.The goal of this thesis is to test the effects of tick salivary cystatins from I.ricinus and I.scapularis on TLR - induced maturation of bone-marrow derived dendritic cells and production of chosen cytokines. Over all, the supressive effect of tick cystatins was observed in relation to TLR-induced maturation of DC. In addition, cystatins enhanced production of IL-10 and attenuated induction of IL-12 cytokines.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T14:16:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 3485858 bytes, checksum: bf6831f74d42e04741add88b4781e3d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Leishmaniasis is a complex of infectious and parasitic diseases endemic in 88 countries, that constitute a serious public health problem. Several species of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of disease, among them the species L. (V.) braziliensis associated with different clinical manifestations of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). In the present study were obtained nine isolates of Leishmania sp. from cases of ACL. Seven isolates (87%) from patients residing in the municipalities of Pilões, and one (13%) resident in João Pessoa city, both Paraiba state regions. All nine strains were identified as L. (V.) braziliensis by specific PCR. Analyses of molecular characterization by RAPD-PCR showed that these isolates shared 62.63% revealing genotypic differences among them. However, the isolated AF and JSL, both from disseminated lesions had the highest percentage of shared bands among the isolates. Another molecular technique used was a SSR-PCR using the K7 primer, and it was also able to show polymorphism between isolates. In PCR-RLFP analysis of ITS1, different profiles were found among isolates, MRSS, JMTS, AF, JCTS, JRL showed the same band profile and the isolates JSL, JCNS, MFTS and JAS have each had, profiles different band. The analysis of hsp70 gene region by PCR-RLFP reveled that the isolates JSL, AF, JCTS, JRL, MFTS showed the same band profile and the isolates, MRSS, JMTS, JCNS and JAS had each one, different profiles band. In addition were also observed phenotypic differences between these isolates, since at an given time of cultivation, all showed different behavior, and demonstrate differences in sensitivity to drugs used in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Therefore, these studies show that the isolates of L. (V.) braziliensis obtained in the state of Paraiba demosntraram a significant genetic polymorphism, revealing a high level of intraspecific variation. / As leishmanioses são um complexo de doenças infecto-parasitárias endêmicas em 88 países que constituem um grave problema de saúde pública. Diversas espécies do gênero Leishmania são os agentes causadores da doença, dentre elas a espécie L. (V.) braziliensis associada a diferentes quadros clínicos da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana. No presente trabalho foram obtidos nove isolados de Leishmania sp. oriundos de LTA, sendo sete isolados (87%) oriundos de pacientes residentes no município de Pilões, um (13%) da cidade de João Pessoa, ambas regiões, do estado da Paraíba. Todos os nove isolados foram identificados como sendo da espécie L. (V.) braziliensis através de PCR específica. As análises de caracterização molecular pela técnica de RAPD-PCR mostraram que esses isolados compartilharam 62,63% revelando diferenças genotípicas entre elas. Contudo, os isolados AF e JSL, ambos provenientes de lesões disseminadas, tiveram o maior percentual de bandas compartilhadas dentre os isolados. Outra técnica molecular utilizada foi o SSR-PCR com o iniciador K7 que também foi capaz de demontrar polimorfismo entre os isolados. Nas análises de PCR-RLFP das regiões ITS1, foram encontradas perfis diferentes entre os isolados, onde MRSS, JMTS, AF, JCTS, JRL apresentaram o mesmo perfil de bandas e os isolados JSL, JCNS, MFTS e JAS tiveram, cada um, perfis de bandas distintos. Na análise de PCR-RLFP da região do gene hsp70, JSL, AF, JCTS, JRL, MFTS apresentaram o mesmo perfil de bandas e os isolados, MRSS, JMTS, JCNS e JAS perfis de bandas distintos. Adicionalmente foram também observadas diferenças fenotípicas entre estes isolados, visto que em dado momento de cultivo, todos apresentaram comportamento diferenciado, além de demonstrarem diferenças quanto à sensibilidade às drogas utilizadas na terapêutica das leishmanioses. Portanto estes estudos revelam que os isolados de L. (V.) braziliensis obtidos no estado da Paraíba demonstraram um significativo polimorfismo genético, revelando um alto nível de variação intraespecífica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T17:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO WALMA FERNANDA MEIRELES SANTOS.pdf: 288787 bytes, checksum: 2e960028530403c4e90066e07ca8ceca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Maranhão is one of the states with the highest occurrence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Thus, it should be the focus of studies related to this disease. This study was conducted in Buriticupu-MA, a city with higher incidence of leishmaniasis in the State. This work aimed to study epidemiological aspects of ATL in Buriticupu the period 2005 to 2010. Data collection was performed at the Center for Studies in Tropical Medicine of the Pre-Amazon UFMA, Meteorology Laboratory of the Center Geoenvironmental UEMA, the Department of the Unified Health System - DATASUS and capture of sandflies in areas with reported cases ACL with the CDC light traps. It found the diagnosis of 281 autochthonous cases of ATL in Buriticupu, of which 238 patients were aged 10 years or more, predominantly in individuals 20 to 29 years. Regarding gender, 86 were female and 195 male. Virtually all cases were diagnosed with the cutaneous form, with the direct parasitological examination detected 228 cases and 53 IDRM. The overall detection was classified in high and very high levels, ranging from 20,0 to 135,0 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. The registration of cases had a higher concentration in the months July to December, ie during the dry season with low rainfall and high temperature. We captured 377 specimens of sandflies, predominantly the species L. whitmani. The ACL was largely distributed in Buriticupu the period 2005 to 2010, reaching rural areas and urban areas, especially in the main access roads to the city, BR 222, the corridor leading to the train station and the borders with neighboring municipalities. It is believed that the precariousness of the health infrastructure in the municipality can be detected by providing a favorable environment for the development of the vector, creating conditions for humans becoming infected in the vicinity of their homes. / O Maranhão é um dos estados com maior ocorrência de casos de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA). Desta forma, deve ser alvo de estudos relacionados a esta doença. O presente estudo foi realizado em Buriticupu-MA, município com maior incidência de casos de LTA no Estado. Este trabalho visou estudar aspectos epidemiológicos da LTA em Buriticupu no período de 2005 a 2010. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Núcleo de Estudos em Medicina Tropical da Pré-Amazônia da UFMA, Laboratório de Meteorologia do Núcleo Geoambiental da UEMA, no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde DATASUS e captura de flebotomíneos em áreas com registro de casos de LTA com armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC. Constatou-se o diagnóstico de 281 casos autóctones de LTA em Buriticupu, dos quais 238 pacientes tinham idade igual ou maior de 10 anos, com predomínio nos indivíduos de 20 a 29 anos. Quanto ao sexo, 86 eram do sexo feminino e 195 do sexo masculino. Praticamente todos os casos foram diagnosticados com a forma cutânea, sendo que o exame parasitológico direto detectou 228 casos e a IDRM 53. O Coeficiente Geral de Detecção classificou-se nos níveis alto e muito alto, variando de 20,0 a 135,0 casos por 100 mil habitantes. O registro de casos teve maior concentração nos meses de julho a dezembro, ou seja, no período seco com baixa precipitação pluviométrica e alta temperatura. Foram capturados 377 espécimes de flebotomíneos, predominando a espécie L. whitmani. A LTA mostrou-se amplamente distribuída no município de Buriticupu no período de 2005 a 2010, atingindo áreas da zona rural e urbana, sobretudo nas principais vias de acesso ao município, a BR 222, o corredor de acesso a estação ferroviária e as fronteiras com os municípios vizinhos. Acredita-se que a precariedade da infra-estrutura sanitária detectada no município pode estar proporcionando um ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento do vetor, criando condições para os seres humanos se infectarem no entorno de suas residências.