Estudos realizados na última década mostram que a substância P (SP) é um neuromediador importante de estados emocionais e afetivos. A SP tem ação pró-aversiva quando microinjetada na substância cinzenta periaquedutal dorsal (SCPd) através da ativação de receptores neurocininérgicos do tipo NK-1, uma vez que o comportamento defensivo é bloqueado por antagonistas desses receptores. A ativação de receptores NK-1 na SCPd também produz antinocicepção, a qual é considerada parte da reação de defesa. Na sequência desses estudos, este projeto visa investigar o envolvimento dos receptores neurocininérgicos no núcleo central (CeA) e basolateral (BLA) da amígdala na mediação dos estados aversivos gerados e elaborados nessa estrutura prosencefálica que, junto com a SCPd, faz parte do sistema encefálico aversivo. O presente estudo mostrou que a SP e o agonista NK-1 (Sar-Met-SP) promoveram efeitos pró-aversivos no labirinto em cruz elevado somente no CeA, mas não no BLA. Ao contrário da SCPd, não obtivemos qualquer alteração no limiar nociceptivo com a microinjeção de antagonista de receptores NK-1 (Spantide) em ambos os núcleos. O Spantide sozinho não alterou os indicadores de nocicepção e ansiedade. Nenhum tipo de vocalização (audível ou ultrassônica) foi detectado no presente trabalho após a microinjeção de SP ou Sar-Met-SP em ambos núcleos amigdalóides, apesar de relatos de vocalizações ultrassônicas (VUS) após o mesmo tipo de tratamento na SCPd. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo mostraram que o CeA, mas não o BLA, modula a expressão de comportamentos relacionados ao medo inato através de receptores neurocininérgicos do tipo NK-1. VUS e antinocicepção não parecem participar da reação de defesa elaborada no CeA. A ausência da emissão de VUS nesses núcleos pode indicar que somente estruturas mais antigas do neuroeixo (mesencéfalo e hipotálamo) são responsáveis pela produção de VUS. / A substantial body of evidence obtained in the last decade demonstrated that the Substance P (SP) is an important mediator of the affective and emotional behaviors. SP is a pro-aversive compound when microinjected within the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG). These effects are mediated by the type 1 neurokininergic receptors (NK-1), since the defensive behavior was inhibited by antagonists of these receptors. The activation of NK-1 receptors in the dPAG also produced antinociception and ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). In the sequence of these studies, this study investigated the involvement of neurokinin receptors of the central (CeA) and basolateral (BLA) nuclei of the amygdala in the mediation of the defense reaction. The amigdala together with the dPAG and the medial hypothalamus comprise the encephalic aversive system. The results showed that SP and the NK-1 agonist (Sar-Met-SP) promoted pro-aversive effects in the elevated plus maze test only when microinjected into the CeA, without effect in the BLA. Although SP and the activation of NK-1 receptors induce antinociception in the dPAG, we did not observe any alteration of the nociceptive threshold in the tail-flick test with the NK-1 antagonist (Spantide) injected into both nuclei and any changes of the anxiety parameters in the EPM. No vocalizations (audible or ultrasonic) were detected after treatment with SP or Sar-Met-SP in both amygdaloid nuclei. The lack of emissions of USVs after activation of these nuclei could indicate that only older structures (PAG and hypothalamus) of the neuroaxis are responsible for the production of USVs. The results obtained in the present study show that NK-1 receptors within CeA, but not BLA, modulate the expression of defensive behaviors related to the innate fear. Apparentely USVs and antinociception are not involved in the defensive reactions indiced by activation of NK-1 mechanisms in the CeA.

OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e transtornos de abuso e dependência de álcool (TADA) em população atendida por Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Santa Cruz do Sul, Brasil; estudar as associações entre TMC e TADA com variáveis sociodemográficas. METODOLOGIA: Todos moradores acima de 14 anos de 3 áreas atendidas por ESF foram convidados a participar no período de 10 de fevereiro de 2006 a 10 de fevereiro de 2007. RESULTADOS: Dos 2921 participantes, as prevalências de TMC e TADA foram de 29,93% (IC95%29,30%-30,56%) e 12,07% (IC95%11,63%-12,52%), respectivamente. Sexo feminino, situação ocupacional desfavorável, baixa escolaridade e baixa renda mostraram associação positiva e independente com TMC. Sexo masculino, situação ocupacional desfavorável e TMC apresentaram associação independente com TADA. DISCUSSÃO: Foram encontradas prevalências de TMC e TADA acima das relatadas em outros estudos brasileiros. Grupos com condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis são os de maior risco para TMC e TADA. CONCLUSÕES: Os grupos de maior risco para TMC e TADA deveriam ser levados em consideração quando se planejam políticas públicas em saúde mental. / OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) as well as alcohol abuse and dependence disorders (AADD) in a population assisted by Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF or Family Health Program) in the City of Santa Cruz do Sul, Southern Brazil; estimate the associations between CMD and AADD with socio-demographic variables. METHOD: All residents over 14 years of age from 3 areas assisted by the PSF were invited to participate between February 10, 2006 to February 10, 2007. RESULTS: Of 2,921 participants, the prevalence estimates of CMD and AADD were 29.93% (IC95%29.30%-30.56%) e 12.07% (IC95%11.63%-12.52%), respectively. Female, unfavorable employment situation, low schooling and low income showed a positive and independent association with CMD. Male, unfavorable employment situation and CMD showed an independent association with AADD. DISCUSSION: We found higher prevalence estimates of CMD and AADD in relation to the observed prevalence estimates in other Brazilian studies. Groups with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions present the highest risk. CONCLUSIONS: The groups with the highest risk for CMD and AADD should be taken into account when planning public mental health policies.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-11-12T16:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_AvaliacaoCustoConstrucao.pdf: 6237801 bytes, checksum: 8096ea3c3621ad6e74093762a52d85d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-11-13T12:05:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_AvaliacaoCustoConstrucao.pdf: 6237801 bytes, checksum: 8096ea3c3621ad6e74093762a52d85d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-13T12:05:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_AvaliacaoCustoConstrucao.pdf: 6237801 bytes, checksum: 8096ea3c3621ad6e74093762a52d85d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / FAPESPA - Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas / Um dos principais entraves para expansão do Sistema de Esgotamento Sanitário no país é o alto custo da implantação da rede coletora de esgoto, uma vez que está relacionada diretamente com a profundidade. Considerando este problema, o presente trabalho apresenta dois diferentes estudos de traçados de rede coletora do tipo separador absoluto para o município de Santa Cruz do Arari – Marajó – Pará, a fim de encontrar a menor profundidade e consequentemente o melhor custo. Primeiramente, foram elaborados dois traçados de rede coletora de esgoto na área com maior concentração populacional sendo dimensionado conforme as normas técnicas existentes. A partir dos levantamentos quantitativos de cada traçado, foram realizadas planilhas orçamentárias com a possibilidade de comparar entre si o menor custo de rede. Embora houvesse pequena diferença de comprimento entre os dois traçados, o item que mais pesou foi à profundidade ao longo da rede. No trecho de chegada da Estação Elevatória de Esgoto, a profundidade teve 4,90 m e 4,77m, para o Traçado Nº 1 e para o Traçado Nº 2, respectivamente. Logo, o que melhor apresentou o custo total foi o Traçado Nº 2, com valor total de R$ 913.867,54 versus R$ 1.021.818,11 do Traçado Nº 1, representado uma economia de R$ 107.950,56 para o mesmo local. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi possível avaliar que o estudo de traçado de rede coletora de esgoto se torna importante para qualquer local, como neste estudo de caso, onde o município apresenta grandes dificuldades de acesso para a implantação do sistema de esgotamento sanitário. / One of the main barriers to expansion of sewage system in the country is the high cost of implementation of sewage disposal system, as being directly related to depth. Considering this problem, this paper presents two different studies tracings collection network type absolute tab for the city of Santa Cruz Arari - Marajó - Pará, in order to find the smallest depth and consequently the best cost. First, we designed two stroke sewage disposal system in the area with the highest population concentration is scaled according to existing technical standards. From the quantitative surveys of each stroke, there were budget spreadsheets with the possibility to compare among themselves the best network cost. Although there was little difference in length between the two paths, the item is weighed more than the depth of the network along the stretch of arrival of Sewage Pumping Station, for example, the depth was 4.90m and 4.77 m for the Path 1 and Path to 2, respectively. Soon we had the best total cost was Trace 2, with a total value of R$ 908,329.11 versus R$ 1,021,818.11 in Trace 1, representing a savings of R$ 113,579.00 to the same location. According to the results obtained, it was possible to evaluate the study tracing sewage disposal system becomes important for any location, as in this case study, where the city presents great difficulties of access and reduced costs for system implementation sewage.

This thesis offers a typology of Postmodern women�s discourse from a sociological perspective. By focusing on the reading of Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, Isabel Allende�s Paula, and Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca, it examines how each writer achieves, thanks to the process of dialogism and the carnivalesque, a critique of social and aesthetic values, associated with Eurocentric discourse. Thanks to these two processes, the values associated with the marginalized position of women in Latin America, are brought to the surface, offering a better understanding of the relation that exists between women�s literary production and the cultural environment. Chapter one offers an overview of the concepts associated with Posmodernism, and its relevance in the Latin American context. This chapter also outlines the key concepts associated with dialogism and the carnivalesque. Chapter two examines the use of the carnivalesque in two plays by Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Los empenos de una casa and Amor es mas laberinto as antecedents of subversive writing in Spanish American women�s writing. It discusses how Sor Juana through appropriation and inversion, transforms her texts into a critique of marginalized social groups. This chapter proposes that Sor Juana sets the model for the subversive nature of Spanish American women�s writing. Chapter three offers a reading of Cristina Peri Rossi�s El libro de mis primos as an example of radical feminist discourse produced in the 60�s, focusing on the use of parody and irony as means of transgressing patriarchal discourse. Chapter four examines Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, and the incorporation of ancestral and modern myths, to accentuate women�s marginality and the conflicting and contradictory nature of Nicaraguan society. Chapter five focuses on a reading of Isabel Allende�s Paula in which the techniques of magical realism and the carnivalesque are brought together to criticize social and cultural practices that marginalize women. Chapter six examines Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca. It focuses on the way Rossi makes use of popular music, romantic literature, poetry, and bureaucratic discourse, to denounce the exploitation and destruction of Costa Rica�s natural resources through ecotourism.

Das Phänomen der Subduktion eines aktiven Spreizungszentrums an der Südspitze Südamerikas ist seit langem bekannt. Eine Vielzahl von geologischen Beobachtungen wurden mit diesem Phänomen in Verbindung gebracht, trotzdem ist der genaue Mechanismus der Beeinflussung des aktiven Kontinentalrandes weitgehend unbekannt. <br /> <br /> Die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Subduktionsprozessen und der Entwicklung der patagonischen Anden zwischen 47&#176;S und 48&#176;S stehen im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen. Um eine detaillierte zeitliche Auflösung der zugrunde liegenden Prozesse untersuchen zu können, wurde die Entwicklung der Vorlandsedimentation, die thermische Entwicklung und die Heraushebung der Oberkruste des andinen Orogens untersucht und diese in Bezug zur Subduktion des Chile-Rückens gesetzt. <br /> <br /> Im Bereich von 47&#176;30&prime;S wurden die synorogenen Vorlandsedimente der Santa Cruz Formation sedimentologisch untersucht. Diese fluviatilen Sedimente wurden in einem reliefarmen Vorlandgebiet durch häufige Rinnenverlagerung und dem Aufbau von Rinnenumlagerungsgürteln in Kombination mit assoziierten großräumigen Überflutungsablagerungen akkumuliert. Sie stehen in einem engen Zusammenhang mit der orogenen Entwicklung im andinen Liefergebiet. Dies spiegelt sich in dem nach oben gröber werdenden Zyklus der Santa Cruz Formation wider. Die magnetostratigraphischen Untersuchungen einer 270 m mächtigen Sequenz aus der Basis der Santa Cruz Formation, die mit 329 Einzelproben aus 96 Probenpunkten beprobt wurde, ergab 7 Umkehrungen der geomagnetischen Feldrichtung. Mit Hilfe der geomagnetischen Polaritätszeitskala (CANDE AND KENT, 1995) konnte der untersuchte Abschnitt der Santa Cruz Formation zwischen 16.2 und 18.5 Ma datiert werden. Als Träger der Sedimentations-Remanenz konnten überwiegend Pseudoeinbereichs-Magentitpartikel und untergeordnet Hämatitpartikel identifiziert werden. <br /> <br /> An drei Profilen der Santa Cruz Formation wurden aus Sandsteinlagen unterschiedlicher stratigraphischer Position detritische Apatite mit Hilfe der thermochronologischen Spaltspurmethode untersucht. Die thermisch nicht rückgesetzten, detritischen Apatite spiegeln das Auftreten unterschiedlicher Altersdomänen im Liefergebiet der Sedimente wider. In der Kombination mit den geochemischen Gesamtgesteinsuntersuchungen der Sedimente und den petrographischen Untersuchungen der Sandsteine, die ein überwiegend andesitisch-vulkanisch geprägtes Liefergebiet widerspiegeln, kann nachgewiesen werden, dass die Erosion im Liefergebiet um 16.5 Ma in tiefere, deformierte Krustensegmente einschneidet. Dies bedeutet, dass aufgrund der Denudation im andinen Orogen erste Sockelgesteinseinheiten in den Bereich der Abtragung gelangen und dass dieser Eintrag um 12 bis 10 Ma ein Volumen einnimmt, das zu signifikanten Änderungen der Gesamtgesteinsgeochemie der Vorlandsedimente führt. <br /> <br /> Die thermochronologische Untersuchung von Apatiten aus rezenten topographischen Höhenprofilen aus der Kernzone der patagonischen Anden im Bereich von 47&#176;30&prime;S zeigen den Beginn einer beschleunigten Heraushebung des Orogens um 7.5 Ma. Aus diesen Untersuchungen kann eine Denudationsrate im Zeitraum der letzen 7 bis 8 Ma von 600 bis 650 m/Ma abgeschätzt werden. Die Modellierung der Apatit-Spaltspurergebnisse zeigt eine signifikante Temperaturerhöhung im Zeitraum zwischen 12 und 8 Ma um 20 bis 30&#176;C für diesen Krustenbereich, die mit der Subduktion des aktiven Chile-Rückens in diesem Bereich der Anden in Verbindung gebracht wird. <br /> <br /> Aus den gewonnen Daten kann ein Modell für die Entwicklung der patagonischen Anden seit dem frühen Miozän abgeleitet werden. In diesem Modell wird die orogene Entwicklung in den patagonischen Anden auf eine erhöhte Konvergenzrate zwischen der Nazca Platte und der Südamerikanischen Platte zurückgeführt, die für die Heraushebung und Denudation der Anden sowie für die damit verbundene Entwicklung im Vorlandbereich verantwortlich ist. Diese orogene Entwicklung wird in einer späten Phase durch die nordwärts wandernde Subduktion des aktiven Spreizungszentrums des Chile Rückens überprägt und beeinflusst. Das auf der Integration von geologischen, chronologischen sowie thermochronologischen Daten beruhende Modell kann zahlreiche geologische und geophysikalische Beobachtungen in diesem Bereich der südlichen Anden konsistent erklären. / The phenomenon of active ridge subduction to the continental margin of southern South America has been well known for a long time. A diversity of geological observations are related to this phenomenon, however, the exact mechanism of the influence of ridge subduction to the active continental margin is unknown.<br /> <br /> The aim of the present investigations is to determine connections between the subduction processes and the development of the Patagonian Andes between 47&#176;S and 48&#176;S. In order to reach that objective, the development of the foreland basin settings, the uplift of the upper crust of the Andean Orogeny, and the relation with the subduction of the Chile Ridge were investigated to obtain a detailed temporal resolution of the basic geological processes.<br /> <br /> Within the area of 47&#176;30'S the style and sedimentological pattern of the synorogenic foreland deposits of the Santa Cruz Formation were investigated. These fluvial sediments were accumulated in a foreland basin of small scale topography by frequent progradational avulsions, which were accompanied by deposition of avulsion-belt sediments associated with thick overbank deposits. <br /> <br /> The upward-coarsening is best explained by progradation of fan deposits during an eastwards advancement of the deformation in the western Andes at that time. <br /> <br /> Magnetostratigraphic investigations of a total of 329 drill cores, which were collected at 96 sites, show seven major reversals in a thick stratigraphic section of 270 m from the base of the Santa Cruz Formation. A comparison with the geomagnetic polarity timescale of Cande and Kent (1995) gives a sedimentation age between 16.2 and 18.5 Ma for the investigated section of the Santa Cruz Formation. The investigation of rock-magnetism predominantly indicates magnetite and subordinated haematite as the dominant carrier of remanence. All results from hysteresis data determination cluster in the coarse pseudo-single (PSD) to multi-domain (MD) grain size range of the Day Diagram (DAY ET AL. 1977)<br /> <br /> Fission track analysis was applied to detrital apatite of sandstone samples at different stratigraphic positions within three sections of the Santa Cruz Formation. The fission track ages of the not reseted detrital apatite are assumed to be related to the age of the sediment provenance area. In combination with sandstone petrographic investigations, which indicate a dominant andesitic volcanic source for the sediment and geochemical whole rock investigations can be shown, that the erosion cuts into the basement of the source area at 16.5 Ma. This means, that due to the denudation in the Andean Orogen first deformed basement units arrive into the sedimentation cycle. In the range of 12 to 10 Ma this sediment input attained such a volume, that the whole-rock geochemistry of the sediments was changed .<br /> <br /> The thermochronological investigations of apatites from vertical profiles covering the largest elevation range of the central zone of the Patagonian Andes within the range of 47&#176;30'S show the beginning of an accelerated cooling and related uplift phase of the orogen at approximately 7.5 Ma. The calculated denudation rate in the period of the last 7 to 8 Ma ranges from 600 to 650 m/Ma. The modelling of apatite fission-track data shows a significant reheating in the range of 20 to 30&#176;C between 12 and 8 Ma for the upper crust. This is interpreted as an influence of the active Chile rise mid-oceanic spreading center on the overriding plate.<br /> <br /> The modelling of the apatite fission-track results shows a significant rise in temperature between 12 and 8 Ma around 20 to 30&#176;C for this crust area, which is associated with the subduction of the active Chile back in this area of the Andes. <br /> <br /> A model has been derived from the obtained data to explain the evolution of the Patagonian Andes since the early Miocene. In this model, orogeny is attributed to the increasing convergence rate between the Nazca plate and South America and its response due to uplift and denudation of the Patagonian Andes and the development of the adjacent foreland basin. In a late phase, orogeny is influenced and overprinted by the northward migration of the Chile ridge subduction. The model consistently explains many of the geological and geophysical observations.

From the Proceedings of the 1975 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 11-12, 1975, Tempe, Arizona / Since 1955 secondary treated effluent from the city of Tucson treatment plant has been released into the Santa Cruz River, the principal drainage tributary of the Tucson basin. Because the river is ephemeral, it has functioned essentially as an artificial recharge facility for sewage effluent. In past years the total volume of effluent artificially recharged amounted to about 31,000 ac-ft per year. Such recharge has affected not only the groundwater levels in the vicinity of the river, but also water quality. Recharge of nitrate is of particular concern.

This thesis offers a typology of Postmodern women�s discourse from a sociological perspective. By focusing on the reading of Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, Isabel Allende�s Paula, and Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca, it examines how each writer achieves, thanks to the process of dialogism and the carnivalesque, a critique of social and aesthetic values, associated with Eurocentric discourse. Thanks to these two processes, the values associated with the marginalized position of women in Latin America, are brought to the surface, offering a better understanding of the relation that exists between women�s literary production and the cultural environment. Chapter one offers an overview of the concepts associated with Posmodernism, and its relevance in the Latin American context. This chapter also outlines the key concepts associated with dialogism and the carnivalesque. Chapter two examines the use of the carnivalesque in two plays by Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Los empenos de una casa and Amor es mas laberinto as antecedents of subversive writing in Spanish American women�s writing. It discusses how Sor Juana through appropriation and inversion, transforms her texts into a critique of marginalized social groups. This chapter proposes that Sor Juana sets the model for the subversive nature of Spanish American women�s writing. Chapter three offers a reading of Cristina Peri Rossi�s El libro de mis primos as an example of radical feminist discourse produced in the 60�s, focusing on the use of parody and irony as means of transgressing patriarchal discourse. Chapter four examines Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, and the incorporation of ancestral and modern myths, to accentuate women�s marginality and the conflicting and contradictory nature of Nicaraguan society. Chapter five focuses on a reading of Isabel Allende�s Paula in which the techniques of magical realism and the carnivalesque are brought together to criticize social and cultural practices that marginalize women. Chapter six examines Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca. It focuses on the way Rossi makes use of popular music, romantic literature, poetry, and bureaucratic discourse, to denounce the exploitation and destruction of Costa Rica�s natural resources through ecotourism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-11. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000864019.pdf: 1052012 bytes, checksum: 30868035736293f5c3dc2f8b6388e85b (MD5) / A presente dissertação de Mestrado tem como título Macário e La cruz del diablo: a caracterização da figura do diabo na literatura fantástica e discute a forma como a figura do diabo se estabelece nas duas obras fantásticas, de autoria de Álvares de Azevedo e de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, respectivamente. Para estudar estas duas obras e estabelecer semelhanças e diferenças entre elas, será estudada a figura do diabo, criatura bastante utilizada em obras literárias, especialmente fantásticas; o gênero fantástico, pois ambas as obras possuem características que permitem inseri-las neste. Serão estudadas também algumas características do Romantismo, pois ambas as obras foram escritas durante este período. Outras teorias como as do conto, do teatro, da lenda e da literatura comparada serão brevemente incluídas quando necessárias para a análise das obras / This Masters dissertation called Macário e La cruz del diablo: the figure of the devil's characterization in fantastic literature, discourses about the way as the figure of the devil sets in two Álvares de Azevedo and Gustavo Adolfo Becker 's literary works, respectively. To study these two literay works and find similarities and differences between them, it will be study the figure of the devil, a creature widely used in literary works, especially in fantastic literay works; fantastic literary genre, because both literay works have features which allow insert them in fantastic literay genre. It will be also studied some features of Romanticism, whereas the two literary works studied here, were written during the romantic period. Other theories such as the tale, the theater, the legend and the comparative literature, will be briefly included when necessary, for the analysis of the literay works

[pt] A kénosis de Jesus evidencia o ser profundo de Deus - pathos. Ela revela, no esvaziamento de Cristo - esvaziamento obediente ao Pai até morte de cruz -, que o Deus das escrituras é um Deus passível, próximo à humanidade em seu sofrimento, é amor e por ser amor - apaixonado e sofredor - sofre com os sofrimentos de sua criação. Seu sofrimento, no entanto, não constitui uma carência de seu ser, mas sua onipotência no amor. O pathos de Deus evidenciado na kénosis de Jesus difere muito do Deus da filosofia clássica, cuja existência implica a ordenação do mundo como um motor imóvel ou como o sujeito absoluto da modernidade que recebe a subjetividade de sua criação, portanto, um Deus apático, indiferente às vicissitudes da história humana. Jesus, em sua kénosis, revela o ser humano como o evento da gratuita autocomunicação de Deus e no ponto culminante de seu esvaziamento - abandono e morte de cruz – acolhe os sofredores, justifica os ímpios e vivifica os mortos em sua comunhão com o Pai e com o Espírito que procede dessa comunhão amorosa. Sendo assim, os objetivos desse trabalho são: proporcionar uma nova perspectiva para a compreensão de Deus, que norteia a fé cristã, através de Jesus Cristo. Este em sua vida e profunda intimidade autocomunica o pathos de Deus e isso pôde ser constatado nesta pesquisa a partir dos diversos livros e artigos consultados para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Portanto, concluímos que Jesus em sua kénosis autocomunica o pathos de Deus. / [en] The kenosis of Jesus evidences the profound being of God - pathos. It Vreveals, in the emptying of Christ - obedient emptying to the Father until death on the cross - that the God of scripture is a passible God, close to humanity in its suffering, He is love and because being love - passionate and suffering - suffers with the sufferings of His creation. His suffering, however, is not a lack of His being, but His omnipotence in love. God s pathos that is evidenced in the kenosis of Jesus differs at all from the god of classical philosophy, whose existence implies the ordering of the world as a motionless motor or as the absolute subject of modernity which receives the subjectivity of its creation, therefore, it is an Apathetic god, indifferent to the vicissitudes of human history. Jesus, in his kenosis, reveals the human being as the event of God s gratuitous selfcommunication and at the culmination of his emptying - abandonment and death on the cross - He welcomes the suffering, He justifies the ungodly and He vivifies the dead in their communion with the Father and with the Spirit that proceeds from this loving communion. Thus, the objectives of this work are: to provide a new perspective for the understanding of God, that guides the Christian faith, through Jesus Christ. Jesus in his life and deep self-communion intimacy communicate God s pathos and this could be verified in this research from the many books and articles that were consulted for the development of this work. Therefore, we conclude that Jesus in His kenosis self-communicates God s pathos.

[pt] O presente estudo discute um problema teológico: Deus é ou não é silencioso? Depois da encarnação em Jesus Cristo, não se pode mais julgar Deus de omisso ou silencioso. Na segunda pessoa da Trindade, Ele se revela solidário ao homem, caminha junto, sofre junto, é presente na sua forma kenótica. Isso nos é revelado por Jesus em sua vida e missão. A pesquisa chega assim a primeira questão: o que aconteceu com o humano que se distanciou deste ponto de referência? Jesus, Deus encarnado, traz a esperança que nos afirma que hoje, como sempre, ainda se pode crer que a paz e o bem são possíveis porque o mal não é mais forte que o bem. Ainda é possível falar de um Deus que se faz cercar e preceder da presença da paz e da justiça e cujo outro nome é Amor. O Crucificado não é a sacralização do absurdo do mal e da violência, mas a mais completa expressão da definição joanina: Deus é amor! E por isso a fonte de toda esperança. Mas se Deus é amor, perguntar-se pelo silencio de Deus é inerente ao homem que olha ao seu redor. Questiona-se sobre o mal, pergunta-se pela finitude não aceita, pela morte indesejada e, apesar disso, acontecida, pelo absurdo da morte do inocente, do sofrimento do justo, dos acidentes inexplicáveis, das doenças degenerativas, das violências vivenciadas em cada dia... O presente trabalho fundamentará seu estudo e buscará algumas respostas na obra O Deus Crucificado de J. Moltmann e no livro Jesus libertador de Jon Sobrino. / [en] This study discusses a theological problem: Is GOD silent or not? After the reincarnation of Jesus Christ, we can no longer judge GOD absent or silent. In the second person of the Trinity, He reveals himself with solidarity to men, walks alongside them, suffers with them, and is present in his kenotic form. This is revealed to us by Jesus Christ in his life and mission. This research brings to life the first question: What happens with the person who distances himself from this reference point? Jesus, GOD reincarnated, brings hope that tell us that today, as always, we can still believe that the peace and goodness are possible because evil is not stronger than good. It is still possible to speak of a GOD that it is surrounded and preceded by the presence of peace and justice and whose other name is LOVE. The crucified is not the sacralisation of the absurdity of evil and violence, but the most complete expression of the John definition: GOD IS LOVE! And so the source of all hope. But if GOD is love, to question Jesus Christ silence, is inherent to the men looking around themselves. Questions about evil, the end not welcomed, the unwanted death, and nevertheless, taking place, the absurd death of the innocent, the suffering of the just, the inexplicable accidents, the degenerative diseases, violence experienced every day… This work reasons for the study and will seek for some answers in the works of The Crucified God by J. Moltmann and Christ, the Liberator by Jon Sobrino.