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Nowadays there are different forms and technologies for implementing web applications without much concern for their architectural model. Without a good and stable architecture those applications may fail during their operations. Thus, this thesis project is focused on exploring different architectural models for creation of web solutions. Moreover, this thesis project is also part of the collaboration between Linnaeus University and Ljungby municipality with the aim to create a system that grow up local economies by showing the local producers’ locations, providing customers with different information about the products etc. The result of the thesis shows that an application can be developed in various architectural models. The choice of one architectural model over another depends on the project needs. I found that by using ASP.NET MVC framework there is more separation of concerns, easy maintenance of the code, and unit testing for an application. Search engine of find local food system can be used to search for different local producer’s location and their services.

Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om kolliderande standardavtal, internationellt benämnt battle of the forms. Problematiken grundas i att två parter i en avtalsförhandling har tillsänt varandra olika standardavtal med motstridiga villkor. Tvist uppkommer sedan oftast när parterna börjat prestera eller till och med fullbordat avtalet. Frågan uppkommer då vilka villkor som skall gälla samt hur denna problematik bör lösas. Eftersom problematiken är sparsamt utredd i svensk rätt har vi valt att studera tre nationella och tre internationella rättskällor och regelverk för att söka ledning i frågan. Utifrån det vi har kommit fram till kan det påpekas att en betydande majoritet av de rättskällor och regelverk vi har undersökt har frångått att lösa problematiken med hjälp av den klassiska synen på avtal samt anbud och accept. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att ge läsaren en helhetsbild av problematiken med kolliderande standardavtal samt visa i vilken riktning utvecklingen på området tenderar att gå. Efter att ha utrett de olika rättskällorna kan vi fastslå att the knock-out rule torde vara den lösningsmodell som domstolarna generellt föredrar att tillämpa.

Bullying is a common problem among children and adolescents in which the consequences can be severe. Bullying is associated with a variety of negative outcomes and can lead to a variety of mental and physical health problems. The purpose of this study was to examine forms of bullying behaviors that were most predictive of student-reported bullying and the frequency of student-reported bullying in response to a variety of bullying behaviors. In this study, an archival dataset was utilized. Data collected in the fall of 2012 came from 8387 6th through 12th grade students who attended 124 public middle and high schools in Anne Arundel County Public Schools, Maryland. The web-based bullying survey, designed as a component of a district-wide bullying prevention initiative, was intended to assess the prevalence, type, and social norms associated with bullying and school violence.<br>For the first research question, logistic regression analyses indicated that teasing and name-calling were the most frequent forms of bullying and were the two primary predictors of student-reported bullying. Social and/or relational forms of bullying were overall the most frequently reported forms of bullying. In contrast, physical or direct forms of bullying and cyberbullying were the least frequent forms of bullying reported.<br>For the second research question, a series of chi-square analyses indicated significant differences for all types of bullying behavior and whether or not student reported being bullied. Specifically, compared to student who did not report being bullied in the past month, those students who did report being bullied within the last month were more likely to report (a) being called names, (b) being threatened, (c) being teased or picked on, (d) being pushed or shoved, (e) having emails or messages sent to others about them, (f) having rumors or lied spread about them, (g) being ignored or left on purpose, (h) having sexual comments or gestures made toward them; and (i) having their property stolen. Based on the results of this current study, several different proposals for future research can be proposed, including (a) examination of the changes in bullying behaviors and reporting of bullying longitudinally, from elementary to high school and (b) comparisons between schools with and without bullying prevention programs in regard to type and frequency of student bullying behaviors and student reporting of bullying. / School of Education; / School Psychology / PhD; / Dissertation;

We study the power series ring R= K[[x1,x2,x3,...]]on countably infinitely many variables, over a field K, and two particular K-subalgebras of it: the ring S, which is isomorphic to an inverse limit of the polynomial rings in finitely many variables over K, and the ring R', which is the largest graded subalgebra of R. Of particular interest are the homogeneous, finitely generated ideals in R', among them the generic ideals. The definition of S as an inverse limit yields a set of truncation homomorphisms from S to K[x1,...,xn] which restrict to R'. We have that the truncation of a generic I in R' is a generic ideal in K[x1,...,xn]. It is shown in <b>Initial ideals of Truncated Homogeneous Ideals</b> that the initial ideal of such an ideal converge to the initial ideal of the corresponding ideal in R'. This initial ideal need no longer be finitely generated, but it is always locally finitely generated: this is proved in <b>Gröbner Bases in R'</b>. We show in <b>Reverse lexicographic initial ideals of generic ideals are finitely generated</b> that the initial ideal of a generic ideal in R' is finitely generated. This contrast to the lexicographic term order. If I in R' is a homogeneous, locally finitely generated ideal, and if we write the Hilbert series of the truncated algebras K[x1,...,xn] module the truncation of I as qn(t)/(1-t)n, then we show in <b>Generalized Hilbert Numerators </b>that the qn's converge to a power series in t which we call the generalized Hilbert numerator of the algebra R'/I. In <b>Gröbner bases for non-homogeneous ideals in R'</b> we show that the calculations of Gröbner bases and initial ideals in R' can be done also for some non-homogeneous ideals, namely those which have an associated homogeneous ideal which is locally finitely generated. The fact that S is an inverse limit of polynomial rings, which are naturally endowed with the discrete topology, provides S with a topology which makes it into a complete Hausdorff topological ring. The ring R', with the subspace topology, is dense in R, and the latter ring is the Cauchy completion of the former. In <b>Topological properties of R'</b> we show that with respect to this topology, locally finitely generated ideals in R'are closed.

L'objectiu bàsic d'aquesta tesi és l'estudi de la dinàmica a l'entorn de tors de dimensió baixa de sistemes hamiltonians analítics. Per aquest estudi l'eina fonamental és l'ús de formes normals al voltant d'aquests objectes.La formulació dels resultats d'aquesta memòria s'ha fet de manera adient per a la seva aplicació a models de mecànica celeste del món real. Per aquest motiu els resultats no es redueixen només al cas autònom, sinó que algun d'ells pren en consideració la possiblitat que les diferents perturbacions pugin dependre del temps de forma periòdica o quasiperiòdica. Aquests resultats s'apliquen per descriure la dinàmica d'alguns problemes d'interes per la Astronàutica. Per tant, els resultats obtinguts inclouen també aplicacions numèriques.Els resultats assolits en cadascun del capítols de la memòria es poden sintetitzar de la forma següent:Capítol 1.- Estudi de la dinàmica entorn d'un tor parcialment el.líptic d'un sistema Hamiltonià autònom. Es donen cotes inferiors pel temps de difusió entorn d'un tor totalment el.líptic, així com estimacions, en el cas general, de la densitat de tors invariants (de qualsevol dimensió) al voltant del tor inicial. Les estimacions en la velocitat de difusió i en la proximitat a 1 d'aquesta densitat, són exponencialment petites respecte la distància al tor inicial.Capítol 2.- Computació numèrica de formes normals al voltant d'òrbites periòdiques. Es desenvolupa un mètode per a calcular formes normals al voltant d'òrbites periòdiques el.líptiques de sistemes hamiltonians. Aquesta metodologia és aplicada numèricament a una òrbita periòdica del Problema Restringit de tres Cossos espaial. Els resultats d'aquest capítol es poden veure com una implementació numèrica del Capítol 1.Capítol 3.- Persistència de tors de dimensió baixa sota perturbacions quasiperiòdiques. Es mostra que un tor de dimensió baixa d'un sistema hamiltonià sotmès a una perturbació quasiperiòdica és pot continuar respecte el paràmetre perturbatiu, tot afegint a les freqüències bàsiques inicials les de la perturbació, excepte per un conjunt de mesura petita pel paràmetre. Al igual que en el Capítol 1 també s'estima la densitat de tors en el problema perturbat. En ambdós casos, les cotes obtingudes per la mesura dels tors pels qual no és possible provar existència són de tipus exponencialment petit.Apèndix. Es presenta un resultat obtingut de forma conjunta amb Rafael Ramírez-Ros sobre la reducció a coeficients constants de sistemes d'equacions lineals autònoms perturbats quasiperiòdicament. Es mostra que tal reducció és possible excepte un reste exponencialment petit en el tamany de la perturbació.

This thesis presents a new algorithm for computing the Hermite form of a polynomial matrix. Given a nonsingular n by n matrix A filled with degree d polynomials with coefficients from a field, the algorithm computes the Hermite form of A in expected number of field operations similar to that of matrix multiplication. The algorithm is randomized of the Las Vegas type.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-42).

Several polymer systems including P(MAA-g-EG) and P(MAA-co-NVP) with crosslinking agents TEGDMA and PEGDMA1000, monomer-to-solvent ratios of 67:33, 60:40, and 50:50, and particle sizes of <75 microns, 90-150 microns, and 150-212 microns were synthesized for use with protein-transporter conjugates. All synthesized systems were characterized by SEM which demonstrated the visual size, surface features, and surface textures of the polymer microparticles. Insulin-transferrin and calcitonin-transferrin conjugates were successfully synthesized using the protein crosslinker SPDP, binding the two proteins with a disulfide bond. The multi-step conjugation reactions used to create the conjugates were analyzed by the use of UV spectroscopy and HPLC to ensure the quality of the final products. In both conjugation reactions, the final product yield was found to be over 70%. The in vitro loading and release characteristics for insulin-transferrin and calcitonin-transferrin were separately investigated. By testing loading and release using a number of different polymer systems with different synthesis parameters, it was possible to optimize the hydrogel carriers for use with each of the conjugates independently. Upon optimization, the ideal system for use with insulin-transferrin and calcitonin-transferrin was found to be P(MAA-g-EG) microparticles of <75 microns formed using a PEGDMA1000 crosslinker and a 50:50 monomer-to-solvent ratio for both conjugates through separate optimization processes. This optimized polymer carrier was found to release upwards of 50% of loaded insulin-transferrin conjugate and near 90% of loaded calcitonin-transferrin conjugate. The insulin-transferrin conjugate was further evaluated through the use of cellular and animal models. Using cellular models, the insulin-transferrin conjugate was shown to increase transport relative to insulin by a factor of 7, achieving an apparent permeability of 37 x 10⁹ cm/s. Also, in the presence of polymer microparticles, the insulin-transferrin conjugate increased transport by a factor of 14 times relative to insulin, achieve an apparent permeability of 72.8 x 10⁹ cm/s. The presence of the microparticles near the cells was found to improve conjugate transport by nearly 100%. The preliminary animal studies verified the successful synthesis of the insulin-transferrin conjugate as well as demonstrated the bioactivity of the insulin portion of the molecule by achieving a drop in blood glucose level upon subcutaneous injection. / text

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