No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Moral injury is a relatively new psychological syndrome characterized by profound emotional, cognitive, and social pain following perceived moral violations. Though often overlapping, moral violations can involve either the perpetration of a moral transgression (via action or inaction) or the experience of a moral betrayal by a trusted other. In each case, symptoms of moral injury may include guilt, shame, anger, loss of trust and meaning, and social withdrawal. To date, the study of moral injury has remained nearly exclusive to the military arena. In turn, the aim of this thesis is to highlight the relevance of moral injury to other populations vulnerable to its effects. These include: 1) justice-involved individuals found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder who may experience moral injury after regaining insight into their offending behaviour; and 2) Public Safety Personnel who are often exposed to morally ambiguous situations while under high levels of social responsibility. To appreciate the impact of moral injury for these populations, adequate tools must first be developed to measure and assess it. The three studies included in this dissertation outline the key steps to instrument development using a mixed-method approach: first, a qualitative investigation with justice-involved individuals explores the unique emotional consequences following a criminal offence that will inform subsequent phases of instrument development; second, quantitative inquiries are taken to construct, evaluate, and employ a new moral injury assessment for Public Safety Personnel to uncover important causes and consequences of moral injury in this group. This dissertation serves as a strong indicator that moral injury is a unique and costly health outcome relevant across societal groups. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Moral injury is a new psychological syndrome developed to understand an individual’s response to a moral trauma. As with other traumatic stress disorders, some people may develop a moral injury after experiencing a situation or event that violates deeply held moral standards. These morally injurious events may be moral violations perpetrated by the individual and result in deep feelings of shame and guilt, or may be moral betrayals by a trusted other and result in feelings of anger and loss of trust. To better understand the causes, symptoms, and consequences of moral injury, we must first develop tools to measure and assess it. This thesis outlines the key steps involved in developing new moral injury assessments in two groups who have an elevated risk of experiencing morally injurious events and so may be more likely to develop a moral injury: justice-involved individuals found Not Criminally Responsible and Public Safety Personnel.

Yes / In this chapter we will review experimental evidence related to pharmacological moral enhancement. Firstly, we will present our recent study in which we found that a drug called propranolol could change moral judgements. Further research, which also investigated this, found similar results. Secondly, we will discuss the limitations of such approaches, when it comes to the idea of general “human enhancement”. Whilst promising effects on certain moral concepts might be beneficial to the development of theoretical moral psychology, enhancement of human moral behaviour in general – to our current understanding – has more side-effects than intended effects, making it potentially harmful. We give an overview of misconceptions when taking experimental findings beyond the laboratory and discuss the problems and solutions associated with the psychological assessment of moral behaviour. Indeed, how is morality “measured” in psychology, and are those measures reliable?

Cette recherche a pour objectif d'éclairer au plan éthique la crise écologique anthropogénique actuelle. Celle-ci peut être définie comme la diminution de la capacité de la Terre à fournir un habitat aux êtres vivants et qui découle des activités ou perturbations écologiques humaines. Cette crise se manifeste notamment par une perte d'habitats à grande échelle, une diminution vertigineuse des populations de nombreuses espèces d'êtres vivants et un taux d'extinction exceptionnel à l'échelle des temps géologiques. Cette réflexion est orientée sur trois axes. Dans un premier temps, un cadre conceptuel s'appuyant sur le concept de culture sera développé pour mettre en évidence la spécificité de l'action écologique humaine. Dans un contexte de changement de paradigme en écologie, cet enjeu de la spécificité écologique humaine a des implications pour l'éthique de l'environnement. La culture comme mode de détermination principal du comportement humain sera analysée comme produisant une instabilité fondamentale dans les rapports de coévolution qui structurent les écosystèmes. Faute de pouvoir analyser en détail l'ensemble des perturbations écologiques multiformes engendrées par Homo sapiens, les implications écologiques de l'exploitation et de la production délibérée de biomasse pour l'alimentation constitueront un fil conducteur pour l'ensemble de cette réflexion. Le second axe de cette recherche concernera la réflexion en éthique de l'environnement par rapport à la crise écologique. Il s'agira d'abord de voir si cette crise écologique constitue bel et bien un problème moral. Ensuite, trois familles de discours en éthique de l'environnement seront analysées de manière critique par rapport à leur pouvoir explicatif respectif quant au problème de la crise écologique. L'anthropocentrisme, le biocentrisme tel que formulé par Paul Taylor, et l'écocentrisme formalisé par J. B. Callicott seront tour à tour considérés. Chacune de ces formulations possédant des implications problématiques, des éléments de réinterprétation de l'écocentrisme seront proposés en s'appuyant sur les acquis de la science écologique afin de fournir de meilleures assises conceptuelles pour faire face à cette crise écologique. La troisième partie de cette recherche portera cette réflexion sur le terrain du politique. D'une part, les intérêts du vivant non-humain et ceux de l'être humain semblent s'opposer dans bien des cas, et d'autre part la relation entre une société et son environnement est aussi influencée par les rapports de pouvoir en son sein et par rapport à d'autres organisations du même ordre. Cette partie visera à réfléchir aux conditions d'organisation sociale qui pourraient favoriser une cohabitation entre l'être humain et le vivant non-humain dans le but de contribuer à l'enraiement de la crise écologique actuelle, tout en maintenant autant que faire se peut une haute qualité de vie pour le premier. Pour ce faire, le rapport à l'espace, tant des êtres humains que du vivant non-humain, sera analysé, entre autres à travers la perspective de la théorie de la biogéographie insulaire. Les implications de cette perspective pour les sociétés humaines seront développées, ce qui permettra en dernier lieu de réfléchir à la façon dont l'être humain conçoit son avenir et sa place sur Terre. / The goal of this inquiry is to shed some light from an ethical point of view on the ongoing anthropogenic ecological crisis. This phenomenon can be defined as the diminishing ability of Earth's habitat, through human ecological disturbance, to supply adequate conditions for living beings. This crisis is manifested through massive habitat fragmentation and loss, dwindling populations of many living beings, and outright extinctions, whose rate now seems to be many times higher than in the geological past. This inquiry is three-pronged. First, a conceptual framework developed around the notion of culture will enable a better understanding of the human being's ecological specificity. As there has been a paradigm shift in ecology in the last decades, the status of the human ecological disturbance has implications for environmental ethics. Culture as the main behavioral determination mechanism in humans will be analysed as producing a fundamentally unstable relationship with coevolutionary processes structuring ecosystems. Human disturbances have many forms, and all could not be properly analysed in the research. This research will thus narrow focus on human exploitation and production of biomass as food and other resources. The second part of this inquiry will analyse the current crisis through the lens of environmental ethics. We will first try to see if this crisis is actually a moral problem. Then, the explanatory power of three common theoretical outlooks in environmental ethics (anthropocentrism, Paul Taylors's biocentrism and the ecocentrism of Leopold and Callicott) will be considered with regard to the current crisis. Because these three outlooks all have problematic implications, elements for a reinterpretation of ecocentrism resting on the recent developments of ecology will be put forward in order to supply a better ethical framework to think this crisis. The third part of this inquiry will bring these issues in environmental ethics in the political realm. On the one hand, human and non-human interest often seems to oppose each other, and, on the other hand, the way a relationship between a society and its ecological background is shaped is also influenced by political power struggle within society and with similar organizations. This last part will focus on how societies could further cohabitation between humans and non-humans in order to halt the anthropogenic ecological crisis, while maintaining as far as possible high standards of quality of life for humans. In order to achieve this, the way human and non-human living beings occupy space will be analysed, mainly through the lens of the theory of island biogeography in ecology. The implications of this theoretical outlook for human societies will be developed, which will enable in the last stretch of this inquiry a reflection on the place of Man on Earth and its future.

It is the purpose of the present investigation to make an examination of the moral content of literature taught in the schools from 1600 to 1800, from 1800 to 1900, and from 1900 to 1940, and to draw conclusions as to the values of such literature. In the literature examined in this study, both the moral content and the methods used in presentation will be considered.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / O estudo analisou a competência de juízo moral de estudantes de teologia (n=115) de uma instituição protestante batista, sendo conduzido em duas partes, primeiro através da aplicaçãodo MJT na versão proposta por Bataglia (2003) que incluiu o Dilema do Juiz Steimberg e segundo, de um debate realizado através da técnica de Grupo Focal com estudantes (n=10) do último ano sobre o dilema da eutanásia, o dilema dos operários e sobre questões relacionadas à autonomia moral e religião a partir do ponto de vista do protestantismo. A hipótese sustentada neste estudo foi a da possível relação entre o escore C do MJT e religião.Os resultados obtidos utilizando o MJT(xt) não mostraram alterações significativas quando comparadas aos estudos realizados anteriormente na população brasileira. Observou-se apenas uma diferença nos resultados quanto ao postulado da preferência hierárquica dos estágios. Os estudantes de teologia demonstraram preferir mais os argumentos de orientação moral dos estágios 2 e 4 e menos os argumentos dos estágios 3 e 6. / The study examined moral judgment competence of theology students (n = 115) of a Protestant Baptist institution, and conducted in two parts, first through the application of the version proposed by MJT Bataglia (2003) that included the Dilemma of the Judge Steimberg and second, a discuss over Focus Group technique with students (n=10) of the last year on the dilemma of euthanasia, the dilemma of the workers and on issues related to moral autonomy and religion from the point of view of Protestantism. The hypothesis was supported in this study the possible relationship between religion and escore-C of MJT. The results obtained using the MJT (xt) showed no significant changes compared to previous studies in the Brazilian population. There was only a difference in the results on the postulate of the preference hierarchy of stages. Students of theology have preferred more guidance from the arguments of moral stages 2 and 4 and less the case of stages 3 and 6.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_tb_me_rcla.pdf: 1446448 bytes, checksum: b3d421c53380047ad9c5493923c1a86b (MD5) / É visível a preocupação com um modelo de Educação que tenha como princípio a formação da cidadania. Surge, portanto, no meio escolar, a necessidade de se produzir ações que focalizem o ensino de valores morais, dentro desse contexto, uma vez que aos educadores e a todos os agentes envolvidos com a Educação é atribuída a tarefa de se educar ética e moralmente os indivíduos. E este é o interesse desta pesquisa, que apresenta uma alternativa de intervenção pedagógica que culmina na prática da discussão de dilemas morais encontrados no enredo das Fábulas Italianas, compiladas por Ítalo Calvino em 1954. Os objetivos que permearam todo o desenrolar desta pesquisa foram: identificar o nível evolutivo da noção de justiça em que se encontram os sujeitos participantes, de acordo com as teorias de Piaget e Kohlberg, em duas classes do Ensino Fundamental (uma experimental e outra de controle), dentro de uma instituição pública de ensino e verificar se o trabalho pedagógico com o enredo de algumas fábulas italianas, por meio da técnica da discussão moral, implica em uma evolução qualitativa no nível do raciocínio moral. Para tanto, os sujeitos participaram de um pré-teste que corresponde às respostas dadas aos dilemas de Kohlberg. Posteriormente, participaram da intervenção pedagógica e, por último, realizaram o pós-teste com os mesmos questionamentos aplicados no pré-teste. A análise qualitativa dos dados baseou-se nesses depoimentos fornecidos pelos sujeitos, tendo o cuidado de acompanharmos o raciocínio e a estrutura de seu pensamento, caracterizando o seu estágio de raciocínio moral antes e depois de todo o trabalho de intervenção pedagógica, relacionando-os sempre com as teorias de Piaget e Kohlberg e com a teoria da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1977). Observou-se, ao final dessa pesquisa, que os sujeitos que participaram da Classe Experimental... / It is clearly identifiable the existence of a strong concern towards the existence of an Education model that aims for citizenship development. As a consequence, the school environment holds the need for actions that focus on the teaching of moral values, considering that educators and other teaching-related agents have the difficult task of teaching their pupils both ethic and morally. The present research attempts to introduce an alternative pedagogical intervention which results in the discussion of moral dilemmas taken from the plot of Italian Folktales, compiled by Italo Calvino in 1954. One of the objectives pursued throughout this research was: to identify the level of justice maturity of each participant according to Piaget and Kohlberg theories in two groups of Secondary school (being one the experimental group and other the control group) from a public school. The second objective was to assess the pedagogical work with the plot of some Italian folktales - through moral discussion method - as a means of qualitative evolution in the level of moral reasoning. In order to achieve this result, the participants sat for a pre-test which fits Kohlberg dilemmas‟ answers. Afterwards, they were involved in a data gathering process during the period of pedagogical intervention and in the end, they sat for a post-test involving the same questions previously applied in the pre-test. The datum qualitative analysis was based on the testimony provided by participants. During the analysis, the reasoning and the structure of their thinking were closely observed in order to qualify their stage of moral reasoning before and after all the work of pedagogical intervention, applying Piaget and Kohlberg theories as well as the theory of content analysis by Bardin (1977). At the end of this research, it was observed that all the experimental group participants achieved a superior moral reasoning... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)