The present thesis is an exploration of normalization processes and the problem of appropriation in labor conflict. More specifically, it analyses the way contemporary labor conflicts in nursing relate to, and thereby help to illuminate, changes in modes of gender normalization under neoliberalism, and how nurse labor conflict thereby sheds light on wider patterns of labor strife. Analysis shows how a “virtue script” bound up with long-lasting patterns of gender normalization in nursing becomes tangled with forms of abstract labor related to “new public management” reform. Although the restructuring of work threatens public professionals’ autonomy, at the same time, it provides opportunities for resistance through collective action. What is more, this restructuring process facilitates the appropriation by nurses and, by implication, other public workers, of the discourses and ideals that belonged to the ethos of the Keynesian welfare state. However, this is a contradictory process, since the discourses and ideals thus appropriated inhere in modes of labor exploitation and normalization. Analysis indicates that although appropriation risks to reinforce gendered and exploitative ideas about work, the strategy can be a lever of collective mobilization, and one of its possible outcomes is the radical transformation of the entities it takes possession of. This interview study is mainly based on four journal articles, attending to different aspects of an act of collective resignation taken by registered nurses at a Swedish hospital ward. This is an emerging form of collective action and the thesis provides one of the first analyses of this new grassroots and workplace-based phenomenon, which may be considered its particular empirical contribution. On the other hand, the chapters of the cover essay unfold a sustained argument on normalization and appropriation, thereby elaborating theoretical themes broached in the articles. The focal point of this discussion is a certain concept of form, deployed in Marxist and feminist theory, a concept pointing to the identity of thought-forms and practically enacted forms. Further, these forms migrate: they are evoked in practices wherein “the mind is not active as sentient” (Hegel), later to be projected by the mind onto different entities. The results of the discussion thus question common approaches to normalization. In particular, it is untenable to oppose a tacit and internal mode of control where individuals are induced to comply by attaching to identifications (by becoming/being made into subjects) to an overt and external mode reliant on sheer coercion. This matter–form dichotomy should be dissolved, and modes of coercion should be understood to leave subjective imprints—not at the level of identity but at the level of thought’s infrastructure, that is, form. / Föreliggande avhandling utforskar normaliseringsprocesser och problem rörande appropriering i samband med arbetskonflikter. Avhandlingen analyserar hur sam-tida arbetskonflikter i sjuksköterskeprofessionen relaterar till och sålunda belyser förändrad genusnormalisering i en nyliberal tid, samt hur dessa konflikter belyser övergripande konfliktmönster i arbetslivet. Analysen påvisar hur en ”dygdighets-norm” kopplad till långlivade modaliteter av genusnormalisering sammanvävs med en form av abstrakt arbete relaterad till sentida NPM-reformer. Men medan denna omstruktureringsprocess urholkar den autonomi som professioner i offentlig sektor länge innehaft medför den också möjligheter till kollektiva motståndshandlingar. Vidare möjliggör denna nyliberala omstrukturering sjuksköterskors—liksom andra offentliga professioners—appropriering av diskurser och ideal som var centrala i den tidigare, keynesianska, välfärdsstaten; men detta är en motsägelsefull process då dessa diskurser och ideal är sprungna ur, och präglade av, historier av utsugning och normalisering. Analysen visar att medan appropriering visserligen riskerar att reproducera former av normalisering underlättar denna strategi mobilisering och kan i förlängningen omvandla övertagna diskurser och ideal. Denna intervjustudie är huvudsakligen baserad på fyra artiklar: de analyserar olika aspekter av en kollektiv uppsägningsaktion bland sjuksköterskor vid en sjukhus-avdelning. Detta är en framväxande typ av aktion i Sverige och avhandlingen är en av de första studierna av denna gräsrots- och arbetsplatsbaserade kampform, vilket kan ses som dess empiriska forskningsbidrag. I kappan förs, å andra sidan, en kon-tinuerlig teoretisk diskussion kring normalisering och appropriering som utvecklar teman som lyfts i de enskilda artiklarna. Diskussionen kretsar kring ett visst form-begrepp, som härrör ur marxistisk och feministisk teori och som påvisar en identitet mellan tankeform och praktiskt artikulerad form. Dessa former migrerar; de uttrycks omedvetet i praktiker där individens fokus är annorstädes och projiceras sedan på andra praktiker. I diskussionen ifrågasätts sålunda vedertagna förståelser av norma-lisering: det är teoretiskt ofruktbart att ställa omedvetna, interna, former av kontroll där lydnad eller konformitet uppnås via internaliseringen av påbjudna identiteter mot medvetna, externa, eller tvingande, former av kontroll. En häri latent dikotomi om materia respektive form bör upplösas i syfte att synliggöra hur ett slags kontroll över arbete lämnar subjektiverande avtryck, inte genom att påbjuda identifikationer utan genom att forma vad som kan beskrivas som tänkandets minsta beståndsdelar. / <p>Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 2 och 4 inskickat.</p><p>At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 2 and 4 submitted.</p>

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-28T18:26:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Matheus Nascimento Germano - 2013.pdf: 954448 bytes, checksum: 783155a29f52820168edd5b90aa04ce7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-12-04T14:13:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Matheus Nascimento Germano - 2013.pdf: 954448 bytes, checksum: 783155a29f52820168edd5b90aa04ce7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-04T14:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Matheus Nascimento Germano - 2013.pdf: 954448 bytes, checksum: 783155a29f52820168edd5b90aa04ce7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Our object of study deals with the conflict between capital and labor in Brazil at the time of systematization of neoliberal policies, with the time frame from 1990 to 1996, the beginning of the Collor government until the middle of the first government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso. During the Collor government, we will analyze the early deployment of neoliberal addendum through the prism of a crisis of bourgeois hegemony. This crisis of hegemony, among other factors, led the impeachment of Collor's term and the beginning of Itamar Franco, who made the ultimate option for neoliberalism to develop an important economic mainstay with the Real Plan. The success of the Real will be crucial for the development of neoliberal hegemony that materialized with the election of FHC in 1994, which imposed a series of regressive measures for the working world. This entire process will be seen from the thesis that the defeat suffered by workers not only at the corporate level, but also in the ideological and organizational, which imposed new dynamics of social struggle in Brazil. / Nosso objeto de estudo se trata do conflito entre capital e trabalho no Brasil no momento de sistematização das políticas neoliberais, tendo como recorte temporal de 1990 a 1996, do inicio do governo Collor até a metade do primeiro governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Durante o governo Collor, analisaremos o início da implantação da adenda neoliberal sob o prisma de uma crise de hegemonia burguesa. Essa crise de hegemonia, entre outros fatores, levou o impeachment de Collor e o início do mandato de Itamar Franco, que fez a opção definitiva pelo neoliberalismo ao elaborar um importante sustentáculo econômico com o Plano Real. O êxito do Real vai ser crucial para a elaboração da hegemonia neoliberal que se materializou com a eleição de FHC em 1994, que impôs uma série de medidas regressivas para o mundo do trabalho. Todo esse processo será visto a partir da tese de que a derrota sofrida pelos trabalhadores não somente no plano corporativo, mas também no plano ideológico e organizativo, que impôs uma nova dinâmica da luta social no Brasil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alfredo Moreno Leitao.pdf: 2284706 bytes, checksum: 6d392e1c7760dd9c338e9cd6e151064e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Since the 19th century São Paulo, an immigrant-receiving state, has attracted workforce for coffee plantations as well as for the developing urban centers. Among the many that arrived, the Portuguese stand out. As they came in search of their dreams and of a better life, some found wealth but others did not. To the latter it was left to struggle every day for survival, going through the routine of hardship shared by national and foreign workers. In this experience many Portuguese workers got engaged in the labor conflicts, guided by anarchist and communist ideas, seeking a way to reverse the imposed conditions of plight and arbitrariness. From the 1930 s on, Brazil and Portugal develop closer relations since the administrations of Getúlio Vargas and Antonio de Oliveira Salazar are built on similar proposals, a situation that favored the emigration of Portuguese people who acquired certain privilege over other nationalities. However, the Portuguese who took part in the labor conflicts did not enjoy the privileges and, imprisoned and tortured by the political police, were punished and expelled from Brazil. The present research investigates the trajectory of the fight of these Portuguese nationals, in particular those who were persecuted by the DEOPS (State Department of Political and Social Order) and evicted in the 30 s / Desde o século XIX, São Paulo, um estado imigrantista, atraiu mão de obra tanto para a lavoura do café, como para os centros urbanos em desenvolvimento, entre os muitos que chegaram cabe destacar os portugueses. Vinham na busca de seus sonhos e de uma vida melhor, alguns encontraram a riqueza, mas outros não. A esses cabia batalhar diariamente pela sobrevivência, vivenciando o cotidiano de dificuldades compartilhadas com os trabalhadores nacionais e estrangeiros. Nessa vivência muitos trabalhadores portugueses engajaram-se nas lutas operárias, orientadas por idéias anarquistas e comunistas, na busca de caminhos que revertessem às condições de carência e arbitrariedades impostas. A partir da década de 1930 se estreitam às relações entre Brasil e Portugal, já que os governos de Getúlio Vargas e de Antonio de Oliveira Salazar se constituíam com propostas semelhantes, isso favoreceu a emigração de portugueses, que adquiriram alguns privilégios em relação a outras nacionalidades. Contudo, os portugueses que participavam das lutas operárias não usufruíram de privilégios, presos e torturados pela polícia política, tiveram como pena a expulsão do Brasil. Esta pesquisa investiga a trajetória de luta destes portugueses em particular os que foram perseguidos pelo DEOPS e expulsos nos anos 30

Cette thèse propose trois essais empiriques consacrés à l'analyse des grèves en France, à partir de données récentes d'établissements et d'entreprises et l'utilisation de méthodes économétriques variées. Très peu d'études quantitatives, d'inspiration économique, ont été menées sur ce sujet en France, contrastant avec une littérature anglo-saxonne particulièrement étendue sur l'analyse économique des grèves. Le déclin de la syndicalisation et de l'action collective des salariés a néanmoins conduit à un déplacement progressif de l'intérêt des chercheurs anglo-saxons, en économie du travail et en relations industrielles (ou industrial relations), vers l'étude des relations de travail individuelles entre salariés et employeurs. L'individualisation des emplois et des relations de travail dans les entreprises est souvent considérée comme orthogonale à l'action collective des salariés. Le déclin des grèves et autres formes collectives de conflit a pu notamment être associé, dans la littérature anglo-saxonne, à une augmentation des manifestations individuelles de conflit et de la dispersion ou inégalité globale des salaires dans les entreprises. Nous proposons, dans cette thèse, une analyse originale des grèves en France, en lien avec ces deux aspects, caractéristiques de l'individualisation des emplois et des relations de travail dans les entreprises. Le premier chapitre s'intéresse à la relation existant entre l'expression collective de conflit, dont les grèves, et des formes individuelles de conflit croissantes dans les établissements français, i.e. les recours aux prud'hommes et l'action disciplinaire. L'analyse conduite révèle une relation de substitution entre l'expression collective de conflit et le recours aux prud'hommes des salariés, tandis que les grèves et autres conflits collectifs tendent parallèlement à s'associer à un recours accru des employeurs à l'action disciplinaire. Le deuxième chapitre considère explicitement cette relation, plus spécifiquement entre les grèves et l'absentéisme des salariés, dans l'estimation et l'analyse de l'effet des grèves sur la productivité du travail des entreprises françaises. L'occurrence de grèves sur la période récente passée tend à s'associer à un gain de productivité du travail dans les entreprises concernées par une faible fréquence de grèves, sous condition que celles-ci soient associées à une expression individuelle de mécontentement des salariés (i.e. absentéisme) plus faible.Le troisième chapitre examine le rôle de la dispersion salariale intra-firme dans les variations de l'activité de grève entre les établissements français. Si une forte dispersion des salaires au sein de la main d'oeuvre s'avère être un frein à la mobilisation collective des salariés dans des grèves, elle apparaît néanmoins être à l'origine d'une activité de grève plus soutenue, en termes de fréquence et de durée des grèves, dans certains établissements. / This thesis consists of three essays on the analysis of labor strikes in France, using recent data on workplaces and firms and applying various econometric methods. Very few quantitative studies, in economics, have been conducted on this issue in France, in contrast with a particularly large Anglo-saxon literature on the economic analysis of strikes. The decline of unionization and collective action of employees led however to a progressive shift in the interest of Anglo-saxon researchers, in labor economics and industrial relations, towards the study of individual labor relations between employees and employers. The individualization of jobs and labor relations is often considered as orthogonal to employee collective action. The decline of strikes and other collective disputes may have been linked, in the Anglo-saxon literature, to an increase in individual expressions of conflict and in the overall wage dispersion or inequality within firms. We propose, in this thesis, an original analysis of strikes in France, in connection with these two facets, linked to the individualization of jobs and labor relations in firms. The first chapter documents the relationship between the collective expression of conflict, including strikes, and growing individual forms of conflict in French workplaces, i.e. Employment Tribunal (or prud'hommes) claims and disciplinary action. It is shown that the collective expression of conflict and Employment Tribunal claims are substitutes in French workplaces, while strikes and other collective disputes increase the employer use of disciplinary action. The second chapter deals explicitly with this relationship, more specifically between strikes and employee absenteeism, in estimating and analyzing the effect of strikes on labor productivity in French firms. Strike occurrence during the recent past period tends to be associated with a surplus in labor productivity in firms affected by a low strike frequency, conditionally to a weaker employee expression of discontent (i.e. absenteeism). The third chapter discusses the role of within-firm wage dispersion in variations of strike activity between French workplaces. If a great wage dispersion among the workforce proves to be an obstacle to employee collective organization in strikes, it seems however to result in a more intense strike activity, in terms of frequency and of duration, in some workplaces.