This study aims to address the longstanding questions surrounding the consistently low levels of support articulated towards the European Union (EU)by British citizens. Existing studies highlight that political identities are closely related to the levels of support citizens across the EU express for the process of European integration. Citizens who define their identity in exclusively national terms tend also to oppose the process of European integration and their country’s participation in this process. Present studies, however, fail to provide an adequate account of the emergence of exclusively national identities and their prevalence in member-states such as the UK. The citizens of the UK have expressed consistently low levels of support for the process of European integration and for British membership of what is now the EU, since Britain’s accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) over 30 years ago. Similarly, the UK has one of the highest proportions of citizens who define their identity in exclusively national terms of any EU memberstate. The argument presented in this thesis is that the low levels of support for the EU and the prevalence of exclusively national identity constructions amongst UK citizens must be understood in the context of British discourses about the EU. I employ the conception of subjectivity developed by post-structuralist discourse theory in order to examine the emergence of an exclusively national form of British identity within media debates on the EU treaty reform process. Discourse theory offers a set of concepts and logics through which it is possible to investigate the structure of eurosceptic discourses. Furthermore, drawing on the insights from Lacanian psychoanalysis, it is able to account also for the strength and longevity of these constructions of national identity. This thesis identifies a eurosceptic discourse of British national identity characterised by an underlying logic of nationalism, according to which nations are seen as natural political communities and the nation-state the most logical unit of political organisation. This is evident not only in debates about the powers of the EU, but also in the relationship constructed between the UK and other member-states in the EU. In addition, the EU is itself constructed as a quasi-state and functions in these discourses as the ‘other’ against which Britain is defined. The former is seen as a hostile, foreign power bent on assuming ever greater control over the UK. These constructions of Britain and the EU feed into fantasmatic constructions of subjugation and oppression, which help account for the strength and resilience of eurosceptic discourses. The final part of the thesis examines the pro-European voices in the British media. However, it is not possible to discern a coherent pro-European discourse in the same way in which it is possible to identify the eurosceptic discourse. I outline the extent to which these pro-European voices challenge the predominant eurosceptic discourse, and offer alternative constructions of Britain’s relationship with the EU which may form the basis of more inclusive identity constructions.

This study offers a Lacanian-informed analysis of the rhetorical shifts, significant absences and elisions in the Bush administration’s justificatory war rhetoric prior to, during, and after the 2003 Iraq War. Lacan’s conception of the Subject, I suggest, is indispensable for the study of how ideology succeeds and fails rhetorically to avoid traumatic kernels, inconvenient facts, unspeakable historical truths, voids, etc. This project presents an opportunity to re-examine rhetorical studies’ assumptions about the emergence of subjectivity, including the process of interpellation, in ways that allow us to theorize not only the constitution but also the failure of identity. In so doing, it revisits the question of agency and calls for an increased focus on desire in matters rhetorical. Finally, the study invites reconsideration of the relation between rhetoric and time by suggesting that a psychoanalytic understanding of temporality can enrich and expand the existing scholarship.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Gustav Mahler’s Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen (first published 1887) feature as their only character a miserable wayfarer who laments his unrequited love for someone and who, in spite of all his beautiful pastoral surroundings, cannot help but feel deep unhappiness. Using Lacan’s three orders (Imaginary, Symbolic and Real) and further developments of his theory by Slavoj Žižek in The Sublime Object of Ideology, I argue that the eyes of the wayfarer’s beloved are the Lacanian Real that disrupts his symbolic network and thus are the origin of his traumatic existence. His misery becomes an immanent part of his identity and he can therefore only exist through this feeling. Furthermore I suggest that, although he laments the situation, he subconsciously desires the unhappy love affair as a way of guaranteeing his own existence as a wayfarer, in accordance with Freud’s concept of Repetition compulsion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Otavio Fonseca.pdf: 1560842 bytes, checksum: e0d40ea21bb1df11f87252c0e82b5dd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Psicose was always, for Freud, a fenomenom which symptoms were certainly proportional to the radicalism of the defense mechanisms which are busy with it. Among the possibilities of searching a metapsycological unterstanding, Freud thinks about a more primitive and radical mechanism than the repression, which could work decisively to cause psychosis. Considering an hallucinatory incident that was lived by Ergei Pankejeff, The Wolves Man, Freud calls this mechanism as rejection (Verwerfung). Without a systematic continuity of the research on psychosis, new heirs to the Master developed new ideas not only about psychosis but also about its psycological operation. That s what happened to the psychiatries Wilfred R. Bion and Jacques Lacan. Even if they are from different schools of thought and have different traditions, both consider the diversity of the psychotic categories (Bion with schizophrenia and Lacan with paranoia) to develop their systems of the psychoanalytic thought abou the theme. The originality and the diversity of their ideas make the authors have particular view points about the psychic mechanisms of psychosis; by the way, even withou a dialogue between them, some of their propositions can be considered very similar. The objective of this study is to consider mainly the concept of the defense mechanism called rejection (Verwerfung) e its connections between Wilfred Bion s and Jacques Lacan s thoughts abou their role on the constitution of the psychic system / A psicose sempre foi, aos olhos de Freud, um fenômeno cuja peculiaridade dos sintomas era certamente proporcional à radicalidade dos mecanimos de defesa nele envolvidos. Dentre as possibilidades de buscar um entendimento metapsicológico, Freud lança mão da idéia de um mecanismo mais primitivo e radical que o recalque, e que funcionaria de maneira decisiva no desencadeamento da psicose. A despeito de um episódio alucinatório vivido por Ergei Pankejeff, o Homem dos Lobos, Freud nomeia esse mecanismo de rejeição (Verwerfung). Sem uma continuidade mais sistemática nas investigações sobre as psicoses, novos herdeiros do Mestre desenvolveram novas idéias não só a respeito da psicose como também do seu funcionamento psíquico. Foi assim com os psiquiatras Wilfred R. Bion e Jacques Lacan. De Escolas e tradições psicanalíticas diferentes, ambos os autores partem da diversidade dos quadros psicóticos (Bion com as esquizofrenias e Lacan com as paranóias) para desenvolverem seus sistemas de pensamento psicanalítico sobre o tema. A originalidade e diversidade de suas idéias faz com que os autores busquem pontos de vista muito particulares acerca dos mecanimos psiquicos da psicose; entretanto, mesmo sem um dialógo entre eles, algumas de suas proposições podem ser consideradas bem semelhantes. O objetivo desse estudo parte principalmente do conceito do mecanismo de defesa chamado rejeição (Verwerfung) e dos seus entrelaçamentos com os pensametos de Wilfred Bion e Jacques Lacan sobre seu papel na constituição do aparelho psíquico

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Nous abordons une Ãtude sur la thÃmatique du fantasme en psychanalyse en soulignant la faÃon dans laquelle la question du fantasme sâintroduit et se dÃveloppe dans lâoeuvre de Freud tout en mettant en Ãvidence les modifications introduites dans le concept du fantasme avec la formalisation de lâobjet a crÃation de Lacan Pour cela nous procÃdons par lâexamen de lâÃvolution du concept du fantasme chez Freud depuis les premiÃres formulations en situant le moment de lâÃmergence de ce concept, qui correspond à lâabandon de la thÃorie de la sÃduction et à la notion de la rÃalità psychique En suite nous Ãtablissons une distinction entre les fantaisies conscientes et le fantasme inconscient comme le montre lâexemple princeps de Freud âOn bat un enfantâ Chez Lacan le fantasme inscrit le rapport de deux ÃlÃments hÃtÃrogÃnes le sujet et lâobjet Lacan formalise le fantasme à diffÃrents moments de son enseignement, en lâarticulant avec les trois registres lâimaginaire le symbolique et le rÃel Dâabord en premier lieu le dÃplacement de lâimaginaire vers le symbolique quand Lacan met en relief la logique du fantasme et le dÃfinit comme axiome ensuite, le dÃplacement de la dimension symbolique vers la dimension rÃelle quand lâobjet a est conÃu dans le registre du rÃel comme la cause du dÃsir A partir de la dÃcouverte freudienne et de lâinvention lacanienne de lâobjet a le fantasme dans sa dimension rÃelle la dimension fondamentale constitue un changement conceptuel avec des consÃquences thÃorique-cliniques / Aborda-se uma investigaÃÃo acerca da temÃtica da fantasia em psicanÃlise destacando o modo como a questÃo da fantasia se introduz e se desenvolve na obra de Freud e evidenciando as modificaÃÃes introduzidas no conceito de fantasia com a formalizaÃÃo do objeto a criaÃÃo de Lacan Para isso procede-se ao exame da evoluÃÃo do conceito de fantasia em Freud desde as primeiras formulaÃÃes situando-se o momento da emergÃncia desse conceito que corresponde ao abandono da teoria da seduÃÃo e à noÃÃo de realidade psÃquica Em seguida estabelece-se uma distinÃÃo entre as fantasias conscientes e a fantasia inconsciente como mostra o exemplo princeps de Freud âEspanca-se uma crianÃaâ Em Lacan a fantasia inscreve a relaÃÃo de dois elementos heterogÃneos o sujeito e o objeto Lacan formaliza a fantasia em diferentes momentos de seu ensino articulando-a com os trÃs registros imaginÃrio, simbÃlico e real Destaca-se em primeiro lugar o deslocamento do imaginÃrio ao simbÃlico quando Lacan enfatiza a lÃgica da fantasia definindo-a como axioma em seguida o deslocamento da dimensÃo simbÃlica à dimensÃo real quando o objeto a à concebido no registro do real como causa do desejo A partir da descoberta freudiana e da invenÃÃo lacaniana do objeto a a fantasia em sua dimensÃo real dimensÃo fundamental constitui-se em uma mudanÃa conceitual com consequÃncias teÃrico-clÃnicas

Ce travail – dont l´origine découle d´une question clinique – cherche, dans le champ de la théorie psychanalytique, établir une comparaison entre les concepts de vérité chez Freud et Lacan, ainsi que rechercher les conceptions de vérité qui peuvent être reconnues dans les deux oeuvres. Nous utilisons la formalisation lacanienne pour concevoir une “topologique” de la vérité, c´est à dire, le fondement du concept, pour ainsi mettre en question ses possibles impacts dans le champ de la technique psychanalytique. Avec le même objectif, à partir de la référence à la topologie des surfaces, on investigue le rapport entre le dispositf de coupure dans la situation clinique et la conception topologique de coupure, essentielle pour aborder l´interprétation (opération central à la technique). C´est ainsi que l´on débat le rapport de la vérité avec propositions comme mi-dire, acte, scansion, citation, énigme et ponctuation, afin d´exposer un possible fondement de la technique interprétative en la psychanalyse. On présente donc l´importance du concept lacanien de vérité pour le champ de la technique, ce que définirait la pratique psychanalytique comme une pratique de vérité. / Este trabalho origina-se de uma questão clínica e busca, no campo da teoria psicanalítica, estabelecer uma comparação entre os conceitos de verdade de Freud e Lacan, assim como pesquisar as concepções de verdade que podem ser reconhecidas em ambas obras. Utiliza-se a formalização lacaniana para conceber uma “topológica” da verdade, isto é, o fundamento do conceito, para assim questionar seus possíveis impactos no campo da técnica psicanalítica. Com a mesma finalidade, através da referência à topologia das superfícies, investiga-se a relação entre o dispositivo de corte na situação clínica e a concepção topológica de corte, essencial para a abordagem da interpretação (operação central à técnica). Dessa maneira coloca-se em debate a relação da verdade com propostas tais quais semi-dizer, ato, escansão, citação, enigma e pontuação, a fim de expor um possível fundamento da técnica interpretativa em psicanálise. Tendo isso em vista, apresenta-se a relevância do conceito de verdade de Lacan para o campo da técnica, o que definiria a prática psicanalítica como uma prática de verdade.

In 1900, Sigmund Freud published The Interpretation of Dreams, establishing climacteric concepts for psychoanalysis and creating a structure upon which he built the theory and his career. 20 years later, he had entirely revised these concepts that solidified the foundation of psychoanalysis. In Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), Freud notably theorizes the ‘death drive’ for the first time, a radical but necessary break from the economics of the pleasure principle. Often, the death drive is taken to be the most important contribution of this essay, but I argue that the lasting message to be gleaned from Freud is what he concludes Beyond the Pleasure Principle with: “We must be ready, too, to abandon a path that we have followed for a time, if it seems to be leading to no good end. Only believers, who demand that science shall be a substitute for the catechism they have given up, will blame an investigator for developing or even transforming his views.” In this thesis, I argue that we can develop a necessary Ethic from this way that Freud approached the formation of his work. Drawing on the further developments from Jacques Lacan, I claim that one can take theory of the gaze as an ethical moment: the point at which one is faced with a disruption that they are tasked to carry out “to see where it will lead,” as Freud puts it. Further, I utilize this formation of the Ethic to read the films of Abbas Kiarostami’s “Koker trilogy” to highlight the points at which we can locate the characters, form, and content of these films as realizations of such ethical moments.

No description available.