La tesis analiza un corpus de 74 cederrones dedicados a la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera fechados mayoritariamente entre los años 1997 y 2007 con los siguientes objetivos: a) determinar el panorama de este tipo de soporte a partir de sus características intrínsecas, de acuerdo con las teorías de las adquisición de segundas lenguas y, especialmente, las de enseñanza de lenguas asistida por ordenador. b) establecer el eventual rendimiento de esos materiales didácticos concretos en ese soporte en el proceso de enseñanza / aprendizaje del ELE a partir de sus características intrínsecas. c) diseñar, en relación con lo anterior, unos instrumentos de análisis didáctico y también de valoración. d) finalmente, subordinado a los resultados del análisis, proponer una serie de recomendaciones didácticas (y en menor medida técnicas) para el diseño, implantación y uso de estos materiales en este u otros soportes análogos.

South Africa is a multilingual country and this has certain implications on the development of cognitive-linguistic skills such as phonological processing (amongst others), which are essential for reading development. Research has, in the past, not adequately addressed the development of, and relationship between, a broad range of phonological processing and reading skills in South Africa. The study investigates the relationship between phonological processing skills and reading development in Northern Sotho-English bilingual children. Ninety-eight participants, divided into group 1 (n=48) and group 2 (n=50) based on their Language of Learning Language of Teaching were sampled. Group 1 received literacy instruction in Northern Sotho, whilst group 2 in English. Participants were assessed using a battery of phonological processing tests and on reading abilities in English and Northern Sotho. Correlations, multiple regressions and multivariate analyses of variance were conducted. Findings revealed that phonological processing skills are essential in reading development in both the first and second language of the participants. / African Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

The advent of democrary in South Africa in the early 1990's led, due to choice or circumstances, to the influx of numerous learners whose home language is an indigenous language, into school environments where the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) is English. These learners are confronted with the challenge of mastering the curriculum content while simultaneously learning English in which it is couched and instructed. When the LoLT differs from learners’ home language, this difference can be an educational barrier, which if not addressed timeously and effectively, may become a major challenge to a fully inclusive education system. The main aim of this research was to investigate whether Grade 4 English second language learners who experienced barriers to English as LoLT were supported in all subjects. The research also probed how effectively these learning support strategies were being implemented under the guidance of SBSTs at mainstream schools. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Text in English / There is an abundance of multilingual education (MLE) studies internationally and locally. Studies show that MLE is a global issue. South Africa is a unique country since it has assigned eleven languages official status at the national level. The multilingual nature of this country calls for the implementation of MLE. This study seeks to argue that if mother tongue, the language of wider communication as well as other languages are important, the transition should be geared towards MLE rather than to second language (L2). The question is how the transitioning to MLE is embraced in South Africa. This study is an attempt to examine the transitioning to MLE in South Africa schools with reference to Limpopo Province. The study mainly explored the Language-in-education policy (LiEP) implementation and practices in the selected schools as well as examining schools’ compliance with the pedagogical motivations and theories dealing with transition to multilingual education. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to corroborate the data obtained by using one method to reduce the limitations of another method. In quantitative research, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to gather data from principals, parents, teachers and learners. In the qualitative research methodology, observations and document analysis methods of collecting data were employed. Purposive sampling was the major sampling method to ensure that relevant data was collected. Qualitative data was analysed thematically. LiEP and the National Language Policy Framework (NLPF) formed the major analytical framework for this study. Cummins’ theories (1978), bi/multilingual education models as well as the Language management theory form the theoretical framework that guided this study. The theories emphasise the link between mother tongue and the development of L2. The findings of this study show the misunderstandings of the LiEP, the implementation of early transitional bilingual education as well as the lack of confidence in the ability of African languages to provide quality education. The study generally suggests that language policies should be dealt with differently due to the contexts which they address. This study concludes by suggesting a working model that is suitable for the unique linguistic situations of schools. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)

This study investigated teachers' and learners' perceptions of the causes of poor performance in Mathematics among Grade 9 learners in Durban's Ethusini Circuit of KwaZulu-Natal Province. By using a phenomenographic research design, a sample of 15 Grade 9 learners who take Mathematics, one Grade 9 Mathematics teacher and one Mathematics head of department was selected purposively from three high schools in the Ethusini Circuit. The three schools are one former model C school, one ordinary government school and one private school. Focus group and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from the participants. The data were analysed by transcribing the focus group and semi-structured interviews; thereafter, the transcriptions were coded into themes and categories. The results of this study indicate that teachers and learners perceive that poor performance in Mathematics in Grade 9 is due to CAPS curriculum challenges, such as overloaded and advanced content, and insufficient time to complete the curriculum. Parental support, English (first additional language) as a language of learning and teaching, methods of teaching (such as the talk and chalk method), and learners' negative attitude towards Mathematics were also cited. From these findings, recommendations for revisiting the CAPS curriculum and other areas of need, as well as topics for future research were suggested. / Dinyakišišo tše di nyakišišitše ka ga maikutlo a barutiši le a baithuti ka ga dilo tšeo di bakago go se šome gabotse ka thutong ya Dipalo gareng ga baithuti ba Kreiti ya 9 ka Sedikothutong sa Ethusini ka Durban ka Phrobentsheng ya KwaZulu-Natal. Ka go šomiša mokgwa wa dinyakišišo wa fenomenokrafiki, sampole ya baithuti ba 15 ba Kreiti ya 9 bao ba ithutelago Dipalo, morutiši o tee wa Dipalo ka go Kreiti ya 9 le morutiši o tee yo e lego hlogo ya lefapha la Dipalo o kgethilwe ka maikemišetšo go tšwa dikolong tše di phagamego tše tharo ka Sedikothutong sa Ethusini. Dikolo tše tharo tše ke sekolo se tee seo se bego se le sa motlolo wa C, se tee sa tlwaelo sa mmušo le se tee ke sekolo sa phraebete. Sehlopha seo se nepišitšwego le dipoledišano tša dipotšišo tšeo di beakantšwego peleng di šomišitšwe go kgoboketša tshedimošo go tšwa go bakgathatema. Tshedimošo e sekasekilwe ka go ngwalolla dipoledišano tša dipotšišo tša sehlopha seo se nepišitšwego le tšeo di beakantšwego peleng; ka morago ga fao, dingwalollo tše di filwe dikhoutu go ya ka merero le magoro a tšona. Dipoelo tša dinyakišišo tše di laetša barutiši le baithuti ba bona gore go se šome gabotse ga baithuti ka thutong ya Dipalo ka go Kreiti ya 9 ke ka lebaka la ditlhohlo tša lenaneothuto la Setatamente sa Melawana ya Tekolo ya Lenaneothuto (CAPS), go swana le diteng tša thuto tšeo di tletšego kudu le tšeo di gatetšego pele kudu, le nako ye e sego ya lekana ya go fetša lenaneothuto. Thekgo ya batswadi, Seisemane (polelo ya gae ya tlaleletšo) bjalo ka polelo ya go ithuta le ya go ruta, mekgwa ya go ruta (ya go swana le mokgwa wa go bolela le go ngwala ka tšhooko letlapeng), le maikutlo ao a sego a loka a baithuti go Dipalo le tšona di filwe bjalo ka dilo tšeo di bakago se. Go dikutollo tše, ditšhišinyo tša go etela leswa lenaneothuto la CAPS le makala a mangwe ao o hlokago šedi, gammogo le dihlogotaba tša dinyakišišo tša ka moso le tšona di ile tša šišinywa. / Lolu cwaningo luphenye imibono yothisha kanye neyabafundi yezimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle esifundweni seziBalo kubafundi beBanga le-9 kuSekhethi yase-Ethusini eThekweni esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali. Ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo sokucwaninga esisezingeni eliphezulu, isampula yabafundi abayi -15 beBanga le-9 abathatha iziBalo, uthisha oyedwa weBanga le-9 kanye nomphathi oyodwa womnyango weziBalo bakhethwa ngenhloso ezikoleni ezintathu eziphezulu kuSekhethi yase-Ethusini. Lezi zikole ezintathu esisodwa semodeli C, esisodwa sikahulumeni ojwayelekile kanye nesisodwa isikole esizimele. Iqembu lokugxila kanye nezingxoxo ezihlelwe kahle zisetshenzisiwe ukuqoqa imininingwane evela kubahlanganyeli. Imininingwane yahlaziywa ngokubhalwa kweqembu okugxilwe kulo kanye nezingxoxo ezihlelwe kahle; emva kwalokho, imibhalo ivezwe ngendlela engaqondile ezindikimbeni nasezigabeni. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi othisha kanye nabafundi babona ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle esifundweni seziBalo kuBanga lesi-9 kungenxa yezinselela yezifundo ezibandakanya isifundo esifundwayo seCAPS, njengokuqukethwe okugcwele kakhulu nokuthuthukile, kanye nesikhathi esinganele sokuphothula izifundo ezibandakanya isifundo esifundwayo. Ukusekelwa kwabazali, isiNgisi (ulimi lokuqala olwengeziwe) njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa, izindlela zokufundisa (njengeyokufundisa lapho uthisha ebhala ebhodini), kanye nesimo sengqondo esingesihle sabafundi maqondana neziBalo nakho kuveziwe. Ukusuka kulokhu okutholakele, kuphakanyiswe ukuphinda kuphinde kufundwe izifundo ezibandakanya isifundo esifundwayo seCAPS kanye nezinye izindawo ezidingeka, kanye nezihloko zocwaningo lwakusasa ziphakanyisiwe. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)

The growing diversity of school populations around the world means that for many learners the language of learning in mainstream classrooms is not their first language. The researcher would submit that content-based second language learning in a context such as a Science classroom is considered advantageous as it enables the learner to manipulate a target language such as English in a way which is meaningful. However, Science learners who have yet to achieve communicative competence in English are disadvantaged when it comes to developing a deep understanding of scientific concepts. Many mainstream Science educators have concerns about this significant group of learners who can be left on the periphery of the class to cope as best as they can. Very often educators aim to meet the needs of English Second Language (ESL) learners without any specific knowledge of the strategies which would enhance learning and ensure that learning environments encourage participation and interaction. The learners themselves have not only to deal with language and sociocultural issues but must face the cognitive demands of Science including negotiating its specialized language. The aim of this study was to investigate how the use of English as a language of learning and teaching Science in rural secondary schools in the Vlakfontein Circuit of the Limpopo Capricorn District, influenced the ability of Grade 8 students to learn Science. The focus was on the Grade 8 classes since they are at the threshold of their educational pursuit. The study had two main purposes. The first goal was to describe the current situation with respect to rural secondary school learners and their educators in selected learning environments in Vlakfontein Circuit. The second goal was to bring about improvement in the learners’ situations by employing specifically designed interventions. The study had three focal areas: the language; the teaching and learning environment; and the ESL learner. The investigation was conducted in disadvantaged rural secondary schools in the Vlakfontein Circuit in the Limpopo province. Observations of the Science classes revealed that, even for the learners with very limited English language proficiency there was little ESL specialist support available. The data analyzed was collected using a variety of data collection tools. The main data generation tools were observation, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The analysis revealed that learners were lacking in Science register (terminology). This study also found out that non-technical language used in Science lessons affected the learners’ understanding much more than the educators were aware. Educators’ attitudes and beliefs strongly influenced the interaction and participation of ESL learners in Science classrooms. The study also revealed that developing language skills prevented ESL learners from asking questions and answering questions in class and academic progress in Science was impeded by limited opportunities for ESL learners to clarify their understanding. Further, the investigation established that achievement in Science and in education overall was affected by assessment instruments which were infused with specific linguistic or cultural knowledge. The study arrived at a conclusion that the needs of the research students could not be met by a programme based on the traditional format of ESP teaching. Hence, the researcher has recommended a Science Based English Programme (SBEP) which encapsulates several adjustments in orientation methods and materials to meet the ESL learners’ needs. This kind of learning-centred arrangement will allow not only efficiency of SBEP instruction but also allow the kinds of activities that may not be possible in groups with a wide dispersion of interests. However, the extent to which the research learners encountered difficulties with vocabulary suggests that there is a need to investigate more effective methods of dealing with this issue. Needed research could also be directed into the development of a Science glossary with appropriate language levels for ESL learners. This could include technical scientific terms with examples of how terms can be used.From the outcome of the interviews with educators, it is evident that further research is needed concerning the educators’ English proficiency and Science competence in ESL situations. / Teacher Education / D. Ed. (Didactics)

L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è guidare il docente attraverso la letteratura esistente, gli strumenti già in uso e si propone di fornire una modellizzazione per la pratica didattica delle lingue straniere ad alunni sordi. Nel primo e nel secondo capitolo si raccolgono, analizzano e definiscono le basi teoriche di riferimento per la didattica delle lingue a soggetti sordi. Nello specifico, si definiscono il quadro della glottodidattica speciale, i principi di bisogno speciale e specifico e le linee guida per la didattica in contesti di disabilità, procedendo con l’inclusione della sordità tra le esigenze a cui riferirsi con tali strumenti. Il terzo e il quarto capitolo rappresentano l’applicazione concreta dei modelli esposti con l’applicazione del modello SOMA al mondo della sordità e la costruzione del Profilo Glottomatetico Funzionale dell’alunno sordo. Nell’ultimo capitolo si presenta la proposta operativa di didattica dell’inglese ai sordi, partendo dall’analisi e la scelta dei materiali più accessibili, passando per la progettazione fino ad arrivare alla strutturazione specifica del lavoro di classe. / This work aims to guide the foreign language teacher trough the literature on special education needs and deafness, the available tools, and the modeling for everyday practice to encourage the inclusion of deaf students until now considered not teachable. In the first and second chapters, the theoretical approaches to deaf students learning are presented in the contexts of special language teaching, special education, and disabilities. The third and fourth chapters represent the application of those principles to include deaf students in the language classroom activities following the operational models usually used for different learning disabilities. The last chapter offers the concrete model that may guide teachers from their deaf students' needs analysis and the correct material choice for them, passing through the learning project management to get to the specific class lessons, in collaboration with support staff members.

The diploma thesis is focused on the search for opportunities for distance learning of the Czech language at primary schools. The aim of the work is to deal in detail and find out how distance learning of the Czech language takes place at primary schools and what is the level of adoption of teaching among pupils who are learning a distance form of study. The work is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with a general treatise of primary education and education. It also briefly characterizes the Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education. Then it analyzes distance education in detail, briefly defines communication tools and in the end summarizes the subject Czech language and its teaching. The practical part contains two research surveys, which are structured in detail. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. In the first research survey, it finds out the effectiveness of Czech language distance education at selected primary schools in specific grades of primary school. It also characterizes the work of a teacher in online Czech language lessons. The second research survey examines in the form of a questionnaire how distance learning of the Czech language is carried out at primary schools. The questionnaire survey is filled out by...

Deutschlandweit nehmen die Schulen zahlenmäßig von Jahr zu Jahr zu, die ein bilinguales Angebot z.B. als Zweig oder als Modul in ihr Unterrichtsprogramm aufnehmen. Die meisten Angebote sind in englischer Sprache, aber auch andere – vor allem europäische Sprachen – spielen eine Rolle. Mittlerweile gibt es bilinguale Angebote in fast allen Fächern, wobei die gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Fächer wie z.B. Geschichte und Geographie nach wie vor dominieren. Überraschenderweise spielt das Fach Darstellendes Spiel in der Diskussion um potenziell geeignete bilinguale Fächer weder in der Theorie noch in der Praxis eine nennenswerte Rolle. Mit der Wahl dieses Themas für die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift wird der bilinguale Sachfachunterricht Darstellendes Spiel erstmals in das Blickfeld der Forschung gerückt. Damit werden sowohl dem Sachfach als auch dem bilingualen Unterricht neue Perspektiven eröffnet. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird folgenden übergeordneten Fragestellungen nachgegangen: Wie kann das bilinguale Sachfach Darstellendes Spiel für die Sekundarstufen I und II der allgemeinbildenden Schulen konzipiert werden? Worin liegt das besondere Potenzial des bilingualen Sachfachunterrichts Darstellendes Spiel? Welches sind seine spezifischen Merkmale? Dabei soll aufgezeigt werden, wo und in welchem Maße der Einsatz der Fremdsprache die sachfachliche Arbeit positiv oder negativ beeinflusst bzw. welche Auswirkungen der Unterricht im Sachfach auf den Fremdsprachenerwerb hat. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurde eine Auswahl existierender Ansätze zum szenischen Spiel im Fremdsprachunterricht unter Einbeziehung allgemeiner Überlegungen zur Funktion von Theaterspiel analysiert und zu den Besonderheiten des bilingualen Sachfachunterrichts in Beziehung gesetzt. Das auf dieser Basis erstellte Konzept wird in seinen vielfältigen Potenzialen analysiert und ausgelotet und mit Hilfe eines Praxisbeispiels in englischer Sprache veranschaulicht. / The number of schools in Germany which offer to teach one or more subjects in a foreign language (content and language integrated learning = CLIL) is still growing. The subjects often chosen for this type of instruction are Geography and History. Other subjects are less frequently taught in a foreign language. The courses vary in length (a number of school years or only some weeks). Drama is very rarely chosen as a CLIL-subject, and there are hardly any reports of successful teaching of or scientific literature about CLIL Drama. This thesis puts CLIL Drama for the first time in the centre of scientific research, thus opening new prospects for Drama and CLIL. The main questions this thesis attempts to answer are the following: What could a concept for CLIL Drama look like for pupils at state schools aged between 13 and 18? How can the potential value added of CLIL Drama be described? What are its key features? This thesis also points to the advantages and disadvantages of CLIL Drama. In the search for an answer to the above questions the author has analysed existing approaches to teaching a foreign language (mainly English, but also German and French) with the help of drama, including the current German discussion about bilingual teaching at state schools. Furthermore, the author presents an alternative look into what theatre is about in this context. On the basis of the results of her research the author draws up a broad concept for CLIL Drama at German secondary schools. The thesis concludes with an illustration of a CLIL Drama project (in English) launched among 14-year-olds at a German gymnasium.

The theme of this dissertation thesis is the relation of bilingual education and educational projects aimed at European issues. The research part was conducted at bilingual upper secondary schools in the Czech Republic, Germany and Great Britain (Wales). In the thesis the themes such as European politics, intercultural dialogue, international peace, human rights, humanitarian aid and language education are primarily included into European issues. The empirical research was deliberately realized at bilingual schools, where the instruction is delivered throught the medium of two languages. With regard to this fact a frequent participation at educational projects with European focus (European projects) was anticipated at these schools. European projects are often interconnected with the laguage studies. In recent years education projects have been an important part of the curriculum in Czech, German and British environment and they play a vital role in education context. The projects enrich the bilingual instruction from both methodical and content perspective and enable launching cooperation between schools and other partner institutions. Bilingual education has lately been supported by international educational strategies aimed at cultural biodiversity and multilingualism. In European Union The...