South Africa has undergone many political changes since the apartheid era. A recent one has included the adoption of a new language-in-education policy recommending, among other things, the use of African indigenous languages as languages of learning and teaching (LOLT). The country has moved into a system in which learners and schools are entitled to choose their preferred LOLT. However, there have been few concrete changes to accommodate this choice. In particular, the above language-in-education policy has not yet been adequately implemented in schools. This study investigates learners', educators' and parents' attitudes towards the use of English or /and isiZulu as the medium of learning and teaching in Durban in KwaZulu-Natal province. I ascertain if there are similarities and differences, if any, in the responses of the three groups of stakeholders from two secondary schools. I also demonstrate the implications of the attitudes of these stakeholders for the implementation of the current language-in-education policy. Lastly, I make recommendations that will assist language policy makers regarding the current language-in-education policy. The study shows that there are mixed feelings regarding the LOLT issue. It was found that the respondents largely favour the use of English as the medium of instruction, yet some of the responses are self-contradictory, in that they simultaneously want isiZulu to be used as early as grade 1 as LOLT. Most respondents still envisage a future where English will continue to have political, educational, social and economic power over isiZulu. There is thus an urgent need for the Department of Education to review the current language-in-education policy and address issues that might be hindering its implementation. The policy is likely to fail unless some intervention strategies are taken to address these problems. It is hoped that this study will help to highlight issues that can be further investigated in this area. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.

Orientador: Kanavillil Rajagopalan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T01:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zaidan_JuniaClaudiaSantanadeMattos_D.pdf: 1280397 bytes, checksum: b31cb87dd36efd7f2cfe5be493a149b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nesta tese, discute-se a difusão mundial do inglês, apresenta-se uma crítica da base conceitual sobre a qual se constitui o discurso a respeito deste fenômeno, bem como uma proposta de conceituação articulada entre a Nova Pragmática (RAJAGOPALAN, 2010) e a filosofia da linguagem. O objeto deste estudo é o World English (WE, RAJAGOPALAN, 2004), utilizado por falantes de línguas nativas diversas. Com o objetivo de apontar a insuficiência da base epistemológica para o WE, volta-se primeiramente para a sociolinguística (JENKINS, 2003, SCHNEIDER, 2007) que, embora reconheça a inerente variabilidade da língua, produz discursos comprometidos com o universalismo ao insistir na busca de padrões constantes no uso e ao furtar-se a tratar a língua como categoria política e não ontológica. Na Linguística, o falante nativo idealizado e a língua como estrutura (BLOOMFIELD, 1933; CHOMSKY, 1965) também produzem um WE que fortalece o fundacionismo, mantendo as práticas linguageiras (uso, descrição e ensino) atreladas aos padrões anglo-americanos. Na Linguística Aplicada, apesar das contribuições de Kachru (1985), com a proposição dos Círculos Concêntricos; de Phillipson (1992), com a crítica ao 'imperialismo linguístico', e de Jenkins (2003), com o estudo da variação do WE, mantém-se o centramento, privilegiando supostas essências. Valorações de desempenho linguístico, segregação de profissionais, políticas de publicação restritivas - todas referendadas pelo eurocentrismo - são discutidas como efeitos materiais das invenções naturalizadas por este regime metadiscursivo (MAKONI & PENNYCOOK, 2007) criticado nesta investigação em face da demografia do inglês, que hoje inclui apenas um falante nativo entre quatro não nativos. Ilustra-se este estudo com dados do International Corpus of English, e com as regularidades detectadas por Seidlhofer (2004) no Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English e aquelas propostas por Jenkins (op.cit.) através do Common Core. A partir do conceito de literatura menor (DELEUZE & GUATTARI, 1977), ancoramos a tese de um inglês menor no postulado da Nova Pragmática, segundo o qual a linguagem e a ação humana pressupõem-se reciprocamente (AUSTIN, 1962), o que expõe i- a indissociabilidade entre a linguagem e a metalinguagem e, portanto, a intervenção da teorização na ontologia que a tradição platônica fez crer como existente a priori; e ii- a natureza ético-política da teorização, uma vez que este exame do WE assume sua inscrição no social. Tem-se, pois, que o inglês menor, ao invés de apontar para um quantitativo reduzido de usuários, indica um uso não amparado pelo poder das instituições, um uso que se detecta como potência de variação e não como poder das constantes; um uso que não opera como raiz de árvore, mas por rizoma, a desterritorializar-se em seu devir, escapando à palavra de ordem ratificadora de fundacionismos e universais. Como micropolítica linguística, propõem-se os seguintes princípios para uma pedagogia menor do WE: privilegiar o híbrido, o repertório de línguas - incluída a língua mãe - e de estratégias; rejeitar toda sorte de prescrição metodológica; fomentar a consciência metalinguística, a noção de opacidade do texto e de gramática como epifenômeno, o pertencimento provisório a comunidades de prática, o uso da língua como ação política e a negociação interacional / Abstract: This thesis discusses the spread of English worldwide and presents both, a critique of the conceptual framework on which the discourse about this phenomenon rests, and an alternative theoretical proposal grounded on New Pragmatics (RAJAGOPALAN, 2010) and on the philosophy of language. Our object of study is, thus, the English used by speakers of distinct native languages, i.e., World English (WE, RAJAGOPALAN, 2004). Sociolinguistic accounts of WE are revised (JENKINS, 200, SCHNEIDER, 2007) and presented as evidence of a resilient universalist orientation reflected on the insistent quest for and reification of patterns of use. Both, the idealized native speaker and the construct 'language', as defined by Linguistics (BLOOMFIELD, 1933; CHOMSKY, 1965) are examined as part and parcel of the foundationism which keeps language practices (use, description and pedagogy) still attached to angloamerican standards. As for Applied Linguistics, even though contributions from several studies (KACHRU, 1985; PHILLIPSON, 1992; and JENKINS, 2003) have shed light on the phenomenon, thus providing a more pluralistic view of the spread and an increasing political awareness in its study, centralization and the pervasive essentialism in the field are still strong, as the analysis shows. Value judgments of linguistic performance, restrictive publishing policies and the segregation of professionals are, it is argued, the material effects of the naturalized inventions perpetrated by the metadiscursive regimes (MAKONI & PENNYCOOK, 2007) criticized in this research. This enterprise is undertaken mainly in view of the demography of English in the contemporary scenario, which displays native speakers and nonnative speakers in a ratio of 1 to 4, respectively. Data from The International Corpus of English, as well as from the patterns identified by Seidlhofer (2004) in the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English, and by Jenkins (op.cit.) in the Common Core are used as a resource for the investigation we set out to pursue. The precept of New Pragmatics (Cf. AUSTIN, 1962), namely that language and human action are mutually inclusive, is understood as implying that i- since language and metalanguage cannot be set apart, theory-building is but neutral in affecting ontology, which contradicts the platonic tradition; ii- theory-building is ethical-political by nature, thus compelling us to acknowledge the study of WE as inscribed in social reality. Our proposal of minor English is based on the concept of minor literature, as put forward by Deleuze and Guattari (1977). Minor does not refer to the quantity of users, but to the use they make of language. In other words, by distancing itself from the rigid standards of institutionalized power, a minor English escapes from the constraints of supposedly permanent regularities and induces an imbalance in its components, taking advantage of its rhizomatic design to deterritorialize the major uses of language through its ongoing process of becoming. Not subject to an arborescent structure, a minor English is rid of the order word that ractifies universalism and purism, thus calling for a minor pedagogy for WE, which involves: privileging hybridity and the repertoire of strategies/languages - including the mother tongue; rejecting methodological prescriptivism; raising metalinguistic awareness; fostering interactional negotiation, an understanding of texts as opaque, of grammar as epiphenomenal, of language use as political action, and of communities as practice / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutora em Linguística

This thesis deals with the influence of the European Migration Crisis in 2015 on the number of uses of selected features of totalitarian language in the rhetoric of ANO movement chairman Andrej Babiš, SPD chairman Tomia Okamura and IvČRN initiative leader Martin Konvička. This work aims to use new quantitative methods to examine over time the frequency and structure of the characters used in totalitarian language based on the concept of politics of eternity of the American historian Timothy Snyder. The occurrence of signs of totalitarian language was monitored on the social network Facebook in the period 2013-2017. The results of the analysis show an increase in the use of features of the totalitarian language with the onset of the migration crisis. In the end, a comparison of the monitored political actors and a contextual interpretation of the findings is given.

published_or_final_version / English Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / English Studies / Master / Master of Arts

No description available.

La complexité de la configuration linguistique des plusieurs pays africains mérite un regardneuf sur les phénomènes des langues en contact et de plurilinguisme dans la mesure oùelles instaurent de nouvelles dynamiques qu’il convient de prendre en compte, de décrire etd’étudier. En effet, notre recherche axée sur la sociolinguistique et la didactique des languestente de décrire et d’expliquer un dynamisme linguistique révélateur d’une dynamiqueidentitaire en Angola. Les processus communicatifs que cette étude envisage de mettre enévidence se caractérisent par un éventail de transgressions qu’on tentera d’aborder moinscomme des formes déviantes, des écarts à une norme donnée, que comme une (ré)-appropriation des langues en contact dans le champ communicationnel et commel’affirmation d’une identité plurielle imprimée par les représentations des langues et despositionnements épilinguistiques des locuteurs angolais. L’objectif ici est de déceler lesattitudes des locuteurs, leur sens de créativité linguistique et finalement décrire le françaispratiqué en Angola, qui suite aux phénomènes de migrations forcées par les guerres civileset des répressions coloniales, abrite un grand nombre de locuteurs francophones etplurilingues en son sein. / The complexity of the language configuration of several African countries deserves a freshlook at the phenomena of language contact and multilingualism because they introduce newdynamics suitable to be taken into account, to describe and study. Indeed, our researchfocuses on sociolinguistics and language teaching and it attempts to describe and explain alinguistic dynamism revealing a new form of identity in Angola. Communicative process thatthis study intends to highlight is characterized by a range of transgressions that we shallattempt to broach not really as distorted forms or disparity of a given standard language. Weview them as a (re) -appropriation of languages in contact into the communicative field andas an affirmation of a plural identity revealed by the representations of languages andsubconscious positions of Angolan speakers. The objective here is to identify the attitudes ofthe speakers, their sense of linguistic creativity and finally describe the variety of Frenchlanguage practiced in Angola, country with a large number of French speakers andmultilingual therein due to the unprecedented migrations forced by civil wars and colonialrepressions. / A complexidade da configuração linguística de vários países da África merece um novo olharsobre os fenômenos de contato de línguas e do plurilinguismo, na medida em queintroduzem novas dinâmicas a serem levadas em conta para descrever e estudar. De fato,nossa pesquisa que gira em torno da sociolinguística e didática de línguas, tenta descrever eexplicar um dinamismo linguístico que revela as dinâmicas identitárias em Angola. Oprocesso comunicativo que este estudo pretende destacar, apresentam uma gama detransgressões que tentamos de abordar não como formas distorcidas ou desvios àdeterminada norma, mas como (re) -apropriação das línguas em contato na esferacomunicativa e como afirmação de uma identidade plural impressa pelas representações delínguas e posições epilinguísticas dos locutores angolanos. Visamos aqui, identificar asatitudes dos falantes, seu senso de criatividade linguística e finalmente descrever o francêspraticado em Angola, que por força das migrações sem precedentes impostas pelas guerrascivis e repressões coloniais, abarca um grande número de falantes de francês e plurilinguesno seu seio.

MA (English) / Department of English / The study analysed the language used by The Herald and Daily News journalists to report on the marriage conflict between the former Prime Minister Morgan Richard Tsvangirai of Zimbabwe and Ms Locardia Karimatsenga. The Herald is a state-owned newspaper and Daily News is a privately-owned newspaper. An analysis of the marriage conflict enabled readers, in a magnified way, to see how ideological differences between the public and private media in Zimbabwe are represented. The study examined the similarities and/or differences in the manner in which the marriage conflict was represented in both papers. The study also examined the language used in the headlines, established the sources used and evaluated the ideological stances of the two newspapers. The study utilised the case study design. The researcher only focused on articles which were published during the month when the former Prime Minister married Ms Elizabeth Macheka in September 2012. It was also the month when the media published many articles about the marriage saga. Seventeen articles were analysed, eleven from The Herald and six from the Daily News. Framing and Representation theories were deemed appropriate to analyse the articles. Critical Discourse Analysis and semiotic analysis were used to analyse the selected articles and visuals which accompanied them. The findings of the study revealed that The Herald reports tended to be biased against the Prime Minister, while the Daily News was more objective in its use of language.

Text in Afrikaans / In this dissertation the ideology behind the debate on the position of Standard Afrikaans in the new, multilinguistic South African dispensation with eleven official languages is examined from a psycholinguistic perspective. The study concentrates on how ideology and power played and are still playing a role in the formation of the variety Standard Afrikaans. The study points out how historical and present-day philosophical, social and language-political considerations influenced the natural development of Afrikaans by advancing it in respect of status on the one hand and prejudicing it in respect of lexicon and corpus on the other hand. The mutual bond of Afrikaans and English as Germanic languages and the inherently hybrid nature of Afrikaans are highlighted. The study points out the artificial role of Eurocentrism and the ideal of "pure language" on perceptions and myths about Afrikaans, as well as the historical influence of the European heritage on Afrikaner thinking and the direct influence thereof on the appropriation of Afrikaans as a symbol and product of an exclusive, ethnical group. Classical perceptions and myths in respect of the origin of Afrikaans and the status of creole languages as opposed to so-called "pure" languages are queried. With reference to the results of the research the author reflects on the possibility of a paradigmatic shift in respect of Standard Afrikaans in its present format. Actual Afrikaans ("aktuele Afrikaans") as a basis for a generally accepted standard language is presented as a new concept. The author reflects on the internal and external desirability of a new approach to Afrikaans as the stimulus behind the survival and acceptance of Afrikaans as an intranational and international language of, inter alia, science, technology, philosophy and social interaction. Scientific arguments in respect of language change, language influencing, language diffusion and language fusion are advanced in this respect. / In hierdie proefskrif word die ideologie agter die debat oor Standaardafrikaans se posisie in die nuwe, multilinguistiese Suid-Afrikaanse bestel met elf amptelike tale vanuit 'n psigolinguistiese perspektief ondersoek. Daar word gekonsentreer op hoe ideologie en mag 'n rol in die vorming van die varieteit Standaardafrikaans gespeel het, en dit steeds doen. Daar word aangetoon hoe historiese en hedendaagse filosofiese, maatskaplike en taalpolitiese oorwegings die natuurlike ontwikkeling van Afrikaans bemvloed het deur dit onder andere enersyds statusgewys te bevoordeel en andersyds leksikaal en korpusgewys te benadeel. Die gemeenskaplike band van Afrikaans en Engels as Germaanse tale en die inherente hibridiese aard van Afrikaans word uitgelig. Daar word gewys op die kunsmatige rol wat Eurosentrisme en die strewe na "taalsuiwerheid" in opvattinge en mites oor Afrikaans gehad het, asook op die historiese invloed van die Europese erfenis op Afrikanerdenke en die indirekte invloed daarvan op die toe-eiening van Afrikaans as simbool en produk van 'n eksklusiewe, etniese groepering. Klassieke opvattinge en mites oor die ontstaan van Afrikaans en die status van kreoolse tale vergeleke met sogenaamde "suiwer" tale word bevraagteken. Na aanleiding van navorsingsresultate word daar besin oor 'n moontlike paradigmaverskuiwing ten opsigte van Standaardafrikaans in die huidige gedaante daarvan. Aktuele Afrikaans as 'n basis vir 'n algemeen aanvaarbare standaardtaal word as nu we konsep aangebied. Daar word besin oor die inteme en eksteme wenslikheid van 'n nuwe benadering tot Afrikaans as die stukrag vir die voortbestaan en aanvaarding .van Afrikaans as 'n intranasionale en intemasionale taal van, onder andere, die wetenskap, tegnologie, filosofie en sosiale omgang. Hiervoor word wetenskaplike argumente. / Afrikaans / D.Lit. et Phil.(Afrikaans)

Text in Afrikaans / In this dissertation the ideology behind the debate on the position of Standard Afrikaans in the new, multilinguistic South African dispensation with eleven official languages is examined from a psycholinguistic perspective. The study concentrates on how ideology and power played and are still playing a role in the formation of the variety Standard Afrikaans. The study points out how historical and present-day philosophical, social and language-political considerations influenced the natural development of Afrikaans by advancing it in respect of status on the one hand and prejudicing it in respect of lexicon and corpus on the other hand. The mutual bond of Afrikaans and English as Germanic languages and the inherently hybrid nature of Afrikaans are highlighted. The study points out the artificial role of Eurocentrism and the ideal of "pure language" on perceptions and myths about Afrikaans, as well as the historical influence of the European heritage on Afrikaner thinking and the direct influence thereof on the appropriation of Afrikaans as a symbol and product of an exclusive, ethnical group. Classical perceptions and myths in respect of the origin of Afrikaans and the status of creole languages as opposed to so-called "pure" languages are queried. With reference to the results of the research the author reflects on the possibility of a paradigmatic shift in respect of Standard Afrikaans in its present format. Actual Afrikaans ("aktuele Afrikaans") as a basis for a generally accepted standard language is presented as a new concept. The author reflects on the internal and external desirability of a new approach to Afrikaans as the stimulus behind the survival and acceptance of Afrikaans as an intranational and international language of, inter alia, science, technology, philosophy and social interaction. Scientific arguments in respect of language change, language influencing, language diffusion and language fusion are advanced in this respect. / In hierdie proefskrif word die ideologie agter die debat oor Standaardafrikaans se posisie in die nuwe, multilinguistiese Suid-Afrikaanse bestel met elf amptelike tale vanuit 'n psigolinguistiese perspektief ondersoek. Daar word gekonsentreer op hoe ideologie en mag 'n rol in die vorming van die varieteit Standaardafrikaans gespeel het, en dit steeds doen. Daar word aangetoon hoe historiese en hedendaagse filosofiese, maatskaplike en taalpolitiese oorwegings die natuurlike ontwikkeling van Afrikaans bemvloed het deur dit onder andere enersyds statusgewys te bevoordeel en andersyds leksikaal en korpusgewys te benadeel. Die gemeenskaplike band van Afrikaans en Engels as Germaanse tale en die inherente hibridiese aard van Afrikaans word uitgelig. Daar word gewys op die kunsmatige rol wat Eurosentrisme en die strewe na "taalsuiwerheid" in opvattinge en mites oor Afrikaans gehad het, asook op die historiese invloed van die Europese erfenis op Afrikanerdenke en die indirekte invloed daarvan op die toe-eiening van Afrikaans as simbool en produk van 'n eksklusiewe, etniese groepering. Klassieke opvattinge en mites oor die ontstaan van Afrikaans en die status van kreoolse tale vergeleke met sogenaamde "suiwer" tale word bevraagteken. Na aanleiding van navorsingsresultate word daar besin oor 'n moontlike paradigmaverskuiwing ten opsigte van Standaardafrikaans in die huidige gedaante daarvan. Aktuele Afrikaans as 'n basis vir 'n algemeen aanvaarbare standaardtaal word as nu we konsep aangebied. Daar word besin oor die inteme en eksteme wenslikheid van 'n nuwe benadering tot Afrikaans as die stukrag vir die voortbestaan en aanvaarding .van Afrikaans as 'n intranasionale en intemasionale taal van, onder andere, die wetenskap, tegnologie, filosofie en sosiale omgang. Hiervoor word wetenskaplike argumente. / Afrikaans / D.Lit. et Phil.(Afrikaans)