The study is based on the pre-schools principal's descriptions of their work with language and the multilingualism's developing working methods in learning organizations to promote multilingualism and the language development of and for children in preschool. Social constructionism and Theoretical perspective on learning organizations are the theories in which the study is based, empirical data were collected via four semi-structured interviews. To analyse the empirics, a thematic analysis method was used. The purpose of the study is to investigate and make visible how principals describe the possible multilingualism of preschool activities and language-stimulating teaching strategies. Based on the purpose, two issues were formed; “How do principals in preschool activities describe the supportive working methods of multilingualism based on management level? What possible initiatives and dilemmas can be found when working with multilingualism and language development teaching for preschool children from a perspective on learning organizations according to the principals' description?”. The result led to the following conclusion: That the representatives have a great ability and knowledge regarding language development methods in preschool. It was also made clear in the study that the representatives work towards long-term goals with different strategies and methods as pedagogical leaders. Increased competence and constant development are seen as an asset by the representatives, however, the results showed that the representatives had different views on how educators should acquire increased competence in language as well as multilingual development methods or methods. Another dilemma that stands out in the result was that the representatives do not have the opportunity to make all decisions on their own, but in some situations the administration makes decisions that the representatives do not have the opportunity to influence, which may have a direct or indirect impact on the activity or activities for which the representatives are the principal, which will then have a direct or indirect impact on the children and guardians who have their children enrolled in these activities.

One of the challenges facing the education system in South Africa is a lack of the culture of teaching and learning. It is this challenge that prompted this research. The research investigated how the principaL as an instructional leader, can restore the culture of teaching and learning in previously disadvantaged schools. A qualitative approach was used and three schools were selected in the Sambandou Circuit of the Northern Province. The research results showed that there are general and management factors that contribute to a lack of the culture of teaching and learning. Management factors include, amongst others, lack of staff development programmes and discipline. The general factors, on the other hand, include amongst others, poor physical conditions and infrastructure in schools. In conclusion, the research recommended, amongst others, that principals conduct staff development programmes and supervise the work of educators and learners / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

This study investigated the leadership challenges encountered by nurse unit managers and factors enhancing leadership in their units. Currently in South Africa’s private hospitals, nurse unit managers face challenges such as financial management, cultural diversity, new roles and technology. The aim of the study was to develop a support strategy for unit managers to achieve success in their leadership role. This study was conducted at a private hospital in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A qualitative research approach was followed. Data were gathered using semi structured individual interviews with a purposive sample of six operational unit managers with one and more years working experience as unit managers. Qualitative open coding for data analysis methods and presentation were employed. Three themes emerged from the findings namely, factors influencing the leadership role of the unit manager, the challenges encountered by unit managers in their leadership role and the needs of unit managers. The factors influencing the leadership and management roles were related to the challenges encountered by nurse unit managers in running their units. The findings indicate that a key need required of the unit manager is support and direction from executive management. From the needs expressed by the nurse unit managers, ideas were formulated by the researcher to support the development of a strategy to support the unit managers in their leadership role. The strategy includes eight key elements and is presented in the section that follows. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

One of the challenges facing the education system in South Africa is a lack of the culture of teaching and learning. It is this challenge that prompted this research. The research investigated how the principaL as an instructional leader, can restore the culture of teaching and learning in previously disadvantaged schools. A qualitative approach was used and three schools were selected in the Sambandou Circuit of the Northern Province. The research results showed that there are general and management factors that contribute to a lack of the culture of teaching and learning. Management factors include, amongst others, lack of staff development programmes and discipline. The general factors, on the other hand, include amongst others, poor physical conditions and infrastructure in schools. In conclusion, the research recommended, amongst others, that principals conduct staff development programmes and supervise the work of educators and learners / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att validera ett instrument (LQ-test) som avser att mäta ledarintelligens baserat på teorin om ledarintelligens utifrån chefs- och ledarrollen. Ledarintelligens, skapat av Ronthy (Ronthy 2006; 2013) är ett holistiskt perspektiv på ledarskap och omfattar färdigheter från tre intelligenser; rationell, emotionell och själslig intelligens med större betoning på ledarrollen med färdigheter tillhörande emotionell och själslig intelligens även kallat medmänskligt ledarskap (ML). LQ-testet bestod av 71 item och konstruerades av Ronthy. Majoriteten av dessa item är inhämtade från Larsson et al. (2003). Den rationella skalan tillskrivs chefsrollen och de övriga två skalorna tillskrivs ledarrollen. Ytterligare ett syfte var att utifrån instrumentet undersöka ledarskapets fördelning mellan kvinnor och män. Studiens deltagare var 307 chefer (68% kvinnor). Utöver LQ-testet fick även deltagarna besvara hur mycket arbetstid per månad som de använde för olika uppgifter utifrån ledarintelligensbegreppet. Enligt teorin om ledarintelligens ska tiden användas mer till att leda sig själv och andra vilket ingår i ledarrollen till skillnad från chefsrollen som ska tillgodose uppgifter som omfattar verksamhetens administration och styrning. Resultatet visade att 20% uppfattade sig som chefer med betoning på administrativa uppgifter och 80% uppfattade sig som ledare med betoning på ett medmänskligt ledarskap. Vid en genomgång av chefernas tidsåtgång för de olika arbetsuppgifterna som indelats utifrån de tre skalorna, framkom att 72% av arbetstiden användes till chefsuppgifter och 28% av arbetstiden ägnades åt ledaruppgifter såsom coachning, personlig utveckling och reflektion. Studien visade inga signifikanta skillnader mellan kvinnor och män avseende uppdelningen chef och ledare. Den relationella aspekten av ledarskapet betonas alltmer i dagens organisationer och dess innebörd har förtydligats i denna studie. / The aim of the present study was to validate an instrument called Leader Intelligence Questionnaire (LQ-test) based on the theory of leader intelligence out of being a manager and a leader. Leader intelligence is a concept created by Ronthy observing skills within the rational, emotional and spiritual intelligence with the main focus on skills within the latter two which also is a human leadership. The questionnaire of leader intelligence is created by Ronthy and has 71 item, and the majority are from Larsson et al. (2003). The instrument has three scales to study all three intelligences. The scale for the rational intelligence studies the role as a manager and the emotional and spiritual intelligence studies the role as a leader. A second aim was to examine the gender distribution among managers and leaders. The participants in the study were 307 leaders (68% women). Furthermore, the participants also responded how much time they spent per month on tasks related to the management role as well as the leadership role. According to the leader intelligence theory the manager should spend more of his/her time in the leader role leading him / herself as well as others and less time in the managerial role managing administrative tasks. The result shows that 20% perceive themselves as managers with the emphasis on administrative tasks and 80% perceive themselves as leaders with the emphasis on a human leadership. When analysing the time spent on various tasks divided within the three different scales the study showed that 72% of the time was spent on managerial tasks and 28% on leader tasks as coaching, personal development and reflection. The study showed no significant differences between men and women. The relational aspect of leadership is being empathized more and more in today´s organizations which will be clarified in this study.

En sökning på ledarskapsutveckling via Google och databasen APA PsycInfo renderar sammanlagt drygt 200 000 träffar. Detta tyder på ett stort intresse för ledarskapsutveckling. Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur deltagare tar sig an uppgiften att bearbeta samt eventuellt vidareutveckla upplevelser samt förändringar som tar plats under och efter en UGL kurs. Frågeställningarna berör ämnen runt hur de i sin ledarroll arbetat med inhämtade kunskaper och hur de som individer upplever att de har påverkats. Vi intervjuade sex ledare från mellersta och södra Sverige som deltagit på en UGL kurs under 2019. Vi använde oss av en semistrukturerad intervju där valet föll på att bearbeta insamlad empiri med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Det som framkom när det gällde ledarrollen var utveckling av tydlighet, trygghet samt effekter av det egna ledarskapet och behovet av användbara verktyg. Det mest utmärkande på det individuella planet var att deltagarna upplevde att de fick kunskaper om sig själv. Grupputvecklingens betydelse var ett ämne som de flesta frekvent återkom till under intervjuerna. Trots det ringa, men ändå väl geografiskt spridda respondentdeltagandet, har vi fått ett relativt fylligt resultat. Detta gav insyn i deras upplevelser av hur kursen har påverkat dem, kunskaper de förvärvat som ledare och inverkan det haft på dem som individer. / When searching for leadership development at Google and the database APA PsycInfo you get a about 200,000 hits. This indicates interest for the subject. The purpose of this essay is to study how the participants handle the processing and possible further develop experiences and changes that takes place during and after a course in UGL. The issues concern topics about how they, in their role as a leader, have worked with obtained knowledge. The issues concern topics about how they, in their role as a leader, have worked with acquired knowledge and the effect on them as an individual. We interviewed six leaders from central and south part of Sweden who, during 2019, has participated in a UGL course. We used semistructured interviews and choose to process the collected data using a thematic analysis. The most important thing that emerged about the role of the leader were the development of clarity, security and the effects of the individual leadership and the need for useful tools. The most characteristic on an individual level was gaining good knowledge about yourself. Group development was the topic that most frequently were mentioned during the interviews. Despite the small but well geographically dispersed participation of respondents, we provide insight into their experiences of how they got affected by the course, knowledge they acquired as leaders and the influence it had on them as individuals.

The overall performance of secondary schools in Zimbabwe has been of grave concern to all stakeholders in education. Several reasons for this downward trend have been proffered but perhaps without getting to the bottom of the problem. Poor student achievement at ordinary level (O-level) in most schools, including schools that seem to have adequate facilities and qualified teachers, is experienced every year. The purpose of the study was to examine and explore the instructional leadership roles of the secondary school principal towards quality school improvement in Zimbabwean schools with specific reference to Harare and Mashonaland East provinces. The research methodology that was employed was the qualitative design drawing from case and ethnographic studies to collect data from the participants. A total of ten secondary schools, their heads, and fifty teachers from the same selected schools took part in the study. While parents were not directly involved in the study, the few that l came across during visits to schools were asked for their views as seen appropriate. The research instruments that were used included qualitative document analysis, interviews and qualitative observations. Each of the ten secondary schools was visited at least eight times for the purposes of collecting and verifying data. While field notes were made during visits, an audio tape was used during interviews in order to capture what was said word for word. The results indicate that for effective instructional leadership that improve quality of schools, heads needed to exercise both instructional and managerial roles effectively. However, the findings of the study indicated that heads tended to concentrate on managerial roles and performed instructional roles indirectly although these have a direct focus on quality school improvement. School principals in the study spent a lot of their time outside the school attending meetings called for by District and Provincial Education officials and other activities that did not seem to directly impact on quality school improvement. Instructional leadership is about spending a lot of time with teachers and students in the school and in particular in classrooms, among other things. As a result, teachers in the study lacked motivation and greatly missed opportunities to be assisted by the ‘’head teacher’’ which would translate to teacher growth and development and ultimately, school improvement. Instructional leadership was relegated to heads of departments. Heads attributed their failure to perform instructional tasks to lack of appropriate interventions to improve their leadership roles, too many meetings and too much paper work which they felt needed to be reduced so that they could be able to focus on instructional leadership tasks. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

The overall performance of secondary schools in Zimbabwe has been of grave concern to all stakeholders in education. Several reasons for this downward trend have been proffered but perhaps without getting to the bottom of the problem. Poor student achievement at ordinary level (O-level) in most schools, including schools that seem to have adequate facilities and qualified teachers, is experienced every year. The purpose of the study was to examine and explore the instructional leadership roles of the secondary school principal towards quality school improvement in Zimbabwean schools with specific reference to Harare and Mashonaland East provinces. The research methodology that was employed was the qualitative design drawing from case and ethnographic studies to collect data from the participants. A total of ten secondary schools, their heads, and fifty teachers from the same selected schools took part in the study. While parents were not directly involved in the study, the few that l came across during visits to schools were asked for their views as seen appropriate. The research instruments that were used included qualitative document analysis, interviews and qualitative observations. Each of the ten secondary schools was visited at least eight times for the purposes of collecting and verifying data. While field notes were made during visits, an audio tape was used during interviews in order to capture what was said word for word. The results indicate that for effective instructional leadership that improve quality of schools, heads needed to exercise both instructional and managerial roles effectively. However, the findings of the study indicated that heads tended to concentrate on managerial roles and performed instructional roles indirectly although these have a direct focus on quality school improvement. School principals in the study spent a lot of their time outside the school attending meetings called for by District and Provincial Education officials and other activities that did not seem to directly impact on quality school improvement. Instructional leadership is about spending a lot of time with teachers and students in the school and in particular in classrooms, among other things. As a result, teachers in the study lacked motivation and greatly missed opportunities to be assisted by the ‘’head teacher’’ which would translate to teacher growth and development and ultimately, school improvement. Instructional leadership was relegated to heads of departments. Heads attributed their failure to perform instructional tasks to lack of appropriate interventions to improve their leadership roles, too many meetings and too much paper work which they felt needed to be reduced so that they could be able to focus on instructional leadership tasks. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

DEd (Educational Management) / The purpose of this study was to investigate the leadership role of principals in creating a culture of teaching and learning in rural public schools of Mopani District, Limpopo Province. The performance of learners below the expected standards in the National Senior Certificate (NSC) examinations, despite, massive resources that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) is providing annually to schools to improve quality of teaching and learning, has raised public concern. When seeking answers to these schools’ dysfunctionality, focus, however, was laid on the leadership role of school principals in some rural public schools of Mopani District, Limpopo Province. The study was guided by Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership theory, complemented by Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. This study was conceptualised within the interpretive paradigm, subsumed under a qualitative research approach. A qualitative case study was used with four rural public high schools. A total of sixteen participants were purposefully selected, made up of four school principals, four deputy principals and eight Heads of Departments (HoDs). Research data were gathered through individual interviews, observations and documents analysis. Data from interviews were thematically analysed, and data from documents and observations were analysed descriptively in words. Findings from interviews revealed that school principals do not monitor and support curriculum implementation. In supporting the findings from interviews, the documents analysed revealed the absence of an administered class-visits monitoring-tool. Data from the observations revealed that schools were without vision and mission statements and had inadequate resources. The study recommended principals to monitor and support curriculum implementation, and develop staff professionally. Suggestions for further study were provided. A proposed model of Action-Based COTL was developed to assist school principals in creating a COTL in schools. / NRF

The purpose of this mixed methods research was to investigate the transformational leadership role of principals in Ethiopian secondary schools. The research examined the existence of transformational school leadership behaviours, strategies that leaders were employing and the relationship between transformational leadership roles of the principal and student achievement (10th grade GESLCE). Mixed methods involving qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection were used in order to triangulate the data and increase the validity of empirical material. The student achievement was assessed on the basis of on the percentage of passes in standardized assessments for the school year (2012/2005-2015/2007). Secondary schools in South Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State (SNNPRS) whose principals had been the incumbent for three or more years were selected purposively. A total of 80 surveys were distributed to school principals and 680 survey questionnaires to teachers in identified schools. Seventy-six school principals and 642 teachers returned the surveys representing 95% and 94.4 % return rate for principals and teachers, respectively. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with supervisors and teachers who worked with principals. Participants were informed of the objectives of the study and assured of the confidentiality of the research both in formal letters and in person. Factor analysis, means, standard deviations, Pearson and Spearman rho correlations, t-test and standard multiple regression were used to analyse quantitative data. In contrast, qualitative data were analyzed by grouping together common themes in each category and constructing a description of the participants’ views and perspectives. The findings revealed that transformational school leadership and its dimensions exist in secondary schools of SNNPR, Ethiopia. Among the six dimensions (namely; sharing school vision and building consensus, high performance expectation, individualized support, intellectual stimulation, modelling behaviour and building collaborative structure and strengthening school culture) three of them were ranked highly. These are, building collaborative structure, strengthening school culture and sharing school vision. On the other hand, building consensus and modelling behaviour had moderate score whereas, individualized support had relatively very low rank. Transformational leadership was accomplished through involving staff to be part of the mission, encouraging staff to come up with new initiatives, challenging the staff to meet beyond agreed standards, building trust, coach and support at individual level, sharing tasks as well as power, acting ethically and celebrating achievements to make their school effective. The relationship between transformational school leadership and student achievement showed that there is positive and moderate relationship, although it was statistically not significant. Socio-demographic data such as number of students in a school showed a negative correlation with student achievement. It is concluded that there was relationship between the principals’ transformational leadership role and student achievement in secondary school of SNNPRS of Ethiopia. Finally, the research calls for the principals to focus on more moral and material assistance to their staff’s professional growth, significant attention to the preparation and development of principals and adoption of transformational school leadership model in secondary school. The findings of the study add to limited but growing body of research on student achievement and the role of the transformational school leadership of the principal in school effectiveness. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Litt. et Phil. (Education Management)